Advanced Photocatalytic Oxidation of Waste Water
Advanced Photocatalytic Oxidation of Waste Water
Advanced Photocatalytic Oxidation of Waste Water
TECHNOLOGY
ADVANCED PHOTOCATALYTIC
OXIDATION OF WASTE WATER
Reactor during
experiment in
laboratory
How photocatalytic degradation
(PCD) occur…???
The APOP-system is able to eliminate pathogenic
microorganisms and endocrine disruptors from
wastewater.
The principle in the system is that light from ultraviolet
lamps is able to destroy mechanisms inside bacteria and
remove chemical substances from wastewater with use of
oxidants, e.g. ozone, chloride or titanium dioxide.
The particles of catalyst(titanium dioxide nano particles) is
suspended in polluted water, in contrast to some products,
in which the catalyst layer is applied on solid carriers in
order to increase the specific surface of the active material
in comparison to suspended particles.
How OHo mineralize the pollutant ?
°
OH + pollutant → CO2 + H 2O
Photocatalytic degradation (PCD)
TiO2 photo catalysis
Photocatalysis with titanium dioxide is an AOP wastewater
treatment method.
It requires a UV light source for its functioning. In addition to
the strength of the UV light source
°
H 2O2 + O3 → 2OH + 3O2
°
H 2O + O3 → 2OH + O2uv
OH ° + pollutant → CO2 + H 2O
°
H 2O2 → 2OH
uv
Photo-Fenton Reactions
The best known process for UV-degradation in which metal ions are used as
catalyst is photo-fenton reaction process.
During the process hydroxyl radicals are generated via photo reduction of the
metal ions and initiate the degradation process described. In addition, many other
reactions play a part in this process, also resulting in the degradation of organic
water ingredients.
By means of an intra-complex charge-transfer-reaction shown above,
photoreactions become very effective when well applied.
Many reactions which are happening in parallel or in sequences play important
roles in the photo-Fenton reaction, as they also lead to the oxidation of the
target(s). The photo-Fenton reaction shows many advantages in comparison with
the classical Fenton reaction:
- Degradation in the photo-Fenton reaction is many times higher, as the classical
Fenton reactions become self-locking through the increasing sludge volume.
- Operational cost of the photo-Fenton process are significantly lower, as the
chemical consumptions are lower
-The photo-Fenton process leads to negligible formation of sludge, whilst the
classical Fenton entails a wearisome and costly removal of the sludge
MECHANISIM
UV- Disinfection
Ultraviolet (UV) rays are part of the light that comes from the sun. The
UV spectrum is higher in frequency than visible light and lower than x-
rays.
As a water treatment technique, UV is known to be an effective
disinfectant due to its strong germicidal (inactivating) ability. UV disinfects
water containing bacteria and viruses and can be effective against
protozoans like, Giardia lamblia cysts or Cryptosporidium oocysts
UV has been used commercially for many years in the pharmaceutical,
cosmetic, beverage, and electronics industries, especially in Europe.
Its major drawbacks were high operating costs, unreliable equipment, and
the expanding popularity of disinfection by chlorination.
Because of safety issues associated with the reliance of chlorination and
improvement in the UV technology, UV has experienced increased
acceptance in both municipal and household.
AOP WASTEWATER TREATMENT
PLANT.
The APOP-system can be implemented on any scale.
The first APOP-system was installed at Usserød
Wastewater Treatment Plant (Denmark). Usserød WTP
has a capacity of 50,000 person equivalents.
The APOP-system at Usserød WTP consist of two
channels with three racks in each. 16 ultraviolet high
pressure lamps (APOP-lamps) is installed in every racks.
Usserød WTP is installed with dispersing system with
the availability of using different oxidants for removal of
hazardous compounds in the wastewater.
APOP-system installed at Usserød WTP
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Thank you