Answer to the Question no 2

(B)
Individual differences are the ways in which people differ from each other. Every
member of an organization has its own way of behavior. It is important for managers to
understand individual differences because they influence the feelings, thoughts, and
behavior of employees. Individual differences can be divided into two categories:
• personality differences: Personality refers to the relatively stable patterns in the
thinking, feeling, and behavior of a person. It is an important factor in explaining
the behavior of people within an organization and in the favorable or
unfavorable attitude towards the job and the organization. A large amount of
research shows that personality is a good predictive and explanatory factor for
the thinking, feeling, and behavior of employees in the workplace. Personality,
for example, influences work-related attitudes and behavior, such as career
satisfaction and coping with work-related stress. Effective managers understand
this interaction and use it to help employees perform optima
• Capacity Differences: The capacities of a person are the second category of
individual differences and are decisive for the level of performance at work. Two
types of capacities can be distinguished: cognitive capacities and physical
capacities. Both cognitive and physical capacity develop through a combination
of hereditary factors (nature) and experience (nurture). physical capacity can best
be measured by performing work-related physical activity.

Desire for Involvement- Many employees actively seek opportunities at work to become
involved in relevant decisions, thereby contributing their talents and ideas to the
organization’s success. Consequently, organizations need to provide opportunities to the
employees for meaningful involvement. It is the process of keeping the employees aligned
with the organization’s values and work ethics and to actively getting them involved to
achieve organizational goals and objectives. Involving the employees usually gives them
more autonomy for better performances and thereby, helping them to reach their full
potential. People want to be treated with care, dignity and respect and increasingly they are
demanding such treatment from their employers. They want to be valued for their skills and
abilities and to be provided with opportunities to develop themselves.

Motivated behavior is directed toward or away from particular stimuli, and also is
characterized by substantial activity, vigor, persistence, and exertion of effort in both the
initiation and maintenance of behavior. Motivated behavior is considered to be a product
of integration of a behavior's subjective benefits and costs. It rises through expectation of
reward or avoidance of punishment. Many factors contribute to the computation of the
current value of a particular state.

Answer to the Question no 3

(A)

Upward communication is the process by which lower-level company employees can

directly communicate with upper management to provide feedback, complaints or
suggestions regarding the day-to-day operations of the company. Upward communication
is increasing in popularity among organizations to encourage a participative work
culture. Companies that foster upward communication are better able to make decisions
that positively impact their employees.

Difficulties:
Delay: the long and slow movement of information to the higher authority is one of the
major limitations.
Filtering: In the process of upward communication, sometimes workers directly approach
the topmost authority with their suggestions or bypassing their immediate boss. This is
harmful to any organization.
Need for response: Sometimes subordinates don’t send the information to their superior
willingly. So, the communication system may be disrupted.
Distortion: In upward communication, subordinates willingly distort the message because
they fear if they tell the original fact to their bosses, they may face some problems.
Lack of initiative: Generally subordinate is reluctant to take the initiative to upward
communication for a different reason.
Changes of information: In upward communication subordinates may change their
accurate information. So, the top executive cannot take an accurate decision
Indiscipline: Sometimes employees communicate directly to superior by avoiding proper
channel or chain of command. Here disciplines are not properly maintained.
Supervisor’s negligence: Sometimes top-level executives discourage the upward flow of
information and neglect the constructive suggestions and opinions about the work-related
issues of the organization.

(B)

Persuasion is an act or process of presenting arguments to move, motivate, or

change your audience. Persuasion can be implicit or explicit and can have both
positive and negative effects
Liking: people tend to be attracted to those who communicate with them in a way that
they like, and who make them feel good about themselves. The principle of liking
involves the perception of safety and belonging in communication. Given human nature,
people are much more likely to like people who pay them compliments and who
cooperate with them, than those who don’t. similarly, are much more likely to be
influenced and persuaded by those that they like, than those that they don’t. often in the
world of marketing and advertising we see this principle. The more the consumer
associates with and likes that person, the more likely they are to be influenced by them.
Social proof: It is a psychological phenomenon where we are influenced by and conform
to the actions of others. Whether we consider ourselves leaders or followers, trendsetters
or traditional, our brains are wired to match the actions of others in order to display the
correct behavior. We are all influenced by what other people are doing. As a leader, you
can use social proof to benefit your team. By understanding how this principle functions
within workplace, one can influence his team and shape how employees influence one
another.
Individuals who are authoritative, credible and knowledgeable experts in their fields are
more influential and persuasive than those who are not. Part of the reason for this is that
authority and credibility are some of the core building blocks of trust and Trust is central to
the purchase decision. in the world of work is that building trust and credibility is very
important, but that it’s also possible to build some of that sense of authority through the
recommendations and good words of others. For example, dentists in white coats
are usually seen promoting toothpastes in advertisements.
Reciprocity: It is the mutual expectation for exchange of value or service. In all cultures,
when one person gives something, the receiver is expected to reciprocate. Reciprocity
builds trust and the relationship develops, reinforcing everything from personal to brand
loyalty. By taking the lead and giving, you build in a moment where people will feel
compelled from social norms and customs to give back. in the world of work, it’s
possible to use this principle of reciprocity by doing favors for others, helping people,
publicly praising others and generally working in such a way as to build up a bank of
social obligations which may work in one’s favor.

Answer to the Question no 5

Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to understand and manage your own
emotions, as well as recognize and influence the emotions of those around you. Although
there are many models of emotional intelligence, they are often lumped together as “EQ” in
the popular vernacular. An alternative term is “EI,” which comprises five components: self-
awareness (confidence, assessment, sense of humor), self-motivation (drive to achieve,
optimism, org commitment), self-management (trustworthiness, integrity, openness to
change), social awareness (ability to lead change, persuasiveness, building and leading
teams.) and empathy (ability to build and retain talent, cultural sensitivity). Nested within
each domain are twelve EI competencies, learned and learnable capabilities that allow
outstanding performance at work or as a leader. These include areas in which one is clearly
strong: empathy, positive outlook, and self-control. But they also include crucial abilities
such as achievement, influence, conflict management, teamwork and inspirational leadership.
These skills require just as much engagement with emotions as the first set, and should be
just as much a part of any aspiring leader’s development priorities. Emotional self-control,
adaptability, achievement orientation, and a positive outlook fall under self-management.
Empathy and organizational awareness make up social awareness. Relationship management
includes influence, coaching and mentoring, conflict management, teamwork, and
inspirational leadership. Leaders need to develop a balance of strengths across these
competencies. Assessment tools, like a 360-degree assessment that uses ratings from
yourself and those who know you well, can help you determine where your EI needs
improvement. Thus, without EL, other methods like outstanding training, highly
analytical mind, long term vision, terrific ideas will not make a leader.

(B)
Moral Leadership: Leadership is a responsibility. It’s also a power, not to be taken for
granted. According to the late author Toni Morrison “If you have some power, then your
job is to empower somebody else.” Your best self is when you use your power to lead
others. Moral leadership is providing values or meaning for people to live by, inspiration
to act and motivation to hold oneself accountable. Moral leadership is defined as “a
leader’s behavior that demonstrates superior virtues, self-discipline, and unselfishness. It
entails “setting an example for others about the rightness or wrongness of particular
actions and exemplifies the exercise of integrity and fulfilling obligations, never taking
advantage of others, and serving as a selfless paragon.

Answer to the Question no 6

Reasons One Should Hire Me:

In my opinion, managers have the power to make or break their organizations. While
great leaders encourage their employees to reach their full potential and help their
organizations surpass their goals, terrible dictators discourage workers to the point they
want to jump ship. Great managers should be capable of leading teams, help them grow,
and maintain full control over their business and its performance at the same time. Now
there are some common skills and qualities that a good manager must have and I firmly
believe that I possess those skills which are given below.
Proper Communication Skills: Communication is the most important thing in an
organization. Just as proper communication can help an organization grow, poor
communication can decrease the productivity of the company. I am good at
communicating in a proper manner because I not only deliver the correct information but
also make sure the receiver gets the message accurately.
Honesty: In today’s world, honesty and ethics are two most important elements. I am a
person who is aware of the importance of honesty and how it can affect the team. Not to
mention, honest managers inspire others.
Integrity & Sincerity: As a person no matter what kind of tasks I am assigned with I try to
do with my very sincerity. I value my work and I value my relationship with the other
team mates.
Responsible: I do believe great managers understand that they’re the ones in charge, meaning
they’re responsible for everyone’s performance. Thus, I try to complete my tasks and help
my team complete their tasks in due time with both flexibility and sincerity. In
order to smoothen the process to achieve organization goals, I would invest myself in
employees and would be committed to help them grow professionally.
Last but not the least, my major in Human Resource Management and a minor in Finance
along with working as an Intern in the HR Operations team in a reputed
telecommunication company have helped me providing a well-grounded background and
developing the ability to work under pressure. Later on I joined the company as a
Software Tester project on a contractual basis which has helped me learn how to maintain
good quality service, solve problems effectively within the deadline and work as a team. I
have learned so much under my roles due to the responsibilities it demanded. I have
learned and performed the below tasks:
• Collecting and updating employee data on a regular basis
• Arranging interviews with new employees
• Monitoring portfolio MIS and regular reporting to senior management
• Developing marketing contents and materials
• Handling customer queries
• Gaining knowledge on payroll and budget planning

• Gaining knowledge on administrational works regarding security and service

I believe, I possess the necessary skills you might be seeking in a manger.

Reasons why BRACU should hire you:

To begin with, as I am your student, I can only state my point of view as one of your
students rather BRAC University Authority. Now, let me talk about the qualities of a
good teacher and I will try to relate them to you in the best way I can.
Discipline: I believe being disciplined is something very important every student must
be. Given the fact, you are a Brigadier General you can help the students become more
disciplined for the better outcome.
Strong Communicator: As mentioned earlier, communication is the most important
thing while exchanging an information. Having conduction of lectures by you it can be
said that you are a strong communicator as you tend to share your lifelong knowledge
about different aspects of life, different cultures, different countries etc. being the wise
person you are, we, the students get to learn a lot from you.
Flexibility & Adaptability: In my opinion, effective teachers need to be able to work in
a constantly evolving environment and adjust their teaching methods based on the age of
their students, the resources available and changing curriculum, practices and
requirements which you of very nicely.
Empathy: Being empathetic and understanding to what may be the student is going
through is an important quality of a teacher. As I have experienced myself, you are
a person who possess empathy.
Best Practices & Real-world Learning: The examples you give during delivering
lectures are fascinating and practical. They are not typical and you always speak your
mind. They help the students understand real life lessons.

These above mentioned points are the reasons BRACU or any University should
hire you.