Psna College of Engineering and Technology Dindigul-624 622
Psna College of Engineering and Technology Dindigul-624 622
Psna College of Engineering and Technology Dindigul-624 622
Submitted by
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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this report titled “Cellular Networks And Starlink” is the bonafide
work of V S Sinu Karthik who carried out the Technical Seminar under my
supervision.
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr.G.ATHISHA, M.E., Ph.D., Dr.S.ARUNKUMAR, M.E., Ph.D.,
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT COORDINATOR
PROFESSOR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
Electronics & Communication Engg, Electronics & Communication Engg,
PSNACET, PSNACET,
Dindigul - 624 622. Dindigul - 624 622.
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ABSTRACT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 5
1.1 DEFINITION
1.2 TECHNIQUE
2. Antenna 5
3 METHODOLOGY 6
3.1 Microphone
3.2 Conversion of analog to digital
3.3 Tansmitting EM wave
3.4 Cdma / fdma
3.5 Gsm architecture
4 STARLINK 11
a. Falcon 9
b. Satellite constellation development
c. transciever
5 CONCLUSION 13
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CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION:
Cellular network is most commonly the native connectivity method deployed with
most cell phones, smartphones, and dial-up devices. It’s a mobile-based network used
with a radio antenna. These devices are associated with “cell”s and can move from
cell to cell in order to communicate and maintain communication. Mobile devices
(such as phones) utilize this network to connect to their providers such as AT&T,
Sprint and T-Mobile which are some of the most commonly used. Those providers
then handoff requests to the internet, or from based on the requests that are sent.
DEFENITION:
The radio antennas used are commonly set to a specific band/frequency and use
specific cellular technology, such as Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), via a tower
and or a satellite. Although there are many others, these are the most commonly used
today.
CHAPTER -2
ANTENNA:
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY:
Cellular Technology enables mobile communication because they use of a complex
two-way radio system between the mobile unit and the wireless network. ... It uses
radio frequencies (radio channels) over and over again throughout a market with
minimal interference, to serve a large number of simultaneous conversations.
MICROPHONE
Microphones are used in many applications such as telephones, hearing aids, public
address systems for concert halls and public events, motion picture production, live
and recorded audio engineering, sound recording, two-way radios, megaphones, radio
and television broadcasting.
Tansmitting EM wave
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limited region by means of wires, coaxial cables, and, in the microwave region,
waveguide
Cdma / fdma
FDMA stands for Frequency Division Multiple Access. TDMA stands for Time
Division Multiple Access. CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access. In this,
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sharing of bandwidth among different stations takes place. ... In this, there is sharing
of both i.e. bandwidth and time among different stations takes place.
GSM ARCHITECTURE
The GSM architecture consists of three major interconnected subsystems that interact
with themselves and with users through certain network interface. The subsystems
are Base Station Subsystem (BSS), Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) and
Operational Support Subsystem (OSS). Mobile Station (MS) is also a subsystem but
it is considered as a part of BSS.
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1. Mobile Station (MS): Mobile Station is made up of two entities.
A. Mobile equipment (ME):
2. Base Station Subsystem (BSS): It is also known as radio subsystem, provides and
manages radio transmission paths between the mobile station and the Mobile
Switching Centre (MSC). BSS also manages interface between the mobile station and
all other subsystems of GSM. It consists of two parts.
A. Base Transceiver Station (BTS):
It manages radio resources for BTS. It assigns frequency and time slots for all
mobile stations in its area.
It handles call set up, transcoding and adaptation functionality handover for
each MS radio power control.
It communicates with MSC via A interface and also with BTS.
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3. Network Switching Subsystem (NSS): it manages the switching functions of the
system and allows MSCs to communicate with other networks such as PSTN and
ISDN. It consist of
A. Mobile switching Centre:
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CHAPTER 4
STARLINK:
FALCON 9:
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According to Elon Musk, almost every piece of the Falcon should be reused over 100
times. Heat shields and a few other items should be reused over 10 times before
replacement.
As of January 2021, Falcon 9 has the most launches among all U.S. rockets
currently in operation and is the only U.S. rocket fully certified for transporting
humans to the International Space Station, and the only commercial rocket to launch
humans to orbit.
TRANSCIEVER:
In radio communication, a transceiver is an electronic device which is a combination
of a radio transmitter and a receiver, hence the name. It can both transmit and receive
radio waves using an antenna, for communication purposes. ... Radio transceivers are
widely used in wireless devices.
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CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
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