Pipes. Network Analysis Using The Hardy Cross Method - SI Units
Pipes. Network Analysis Using The Hardy Cross Method - SI Units
Pipes. Network Analysis Using The Hardy Cross Method - SI Units
Table 1 Table 2
Junctions coordinates (m) Total number of houses in the system
Node x-coord y-coord z-coord (named as number of units Nu)
Reservoir A -30.5 365.8 76.2 Nu = 300
1 D 457.2 365.8 30.5
2 E 457.2 243.8 24.4 Average day unit demnad
3 F 457.2 0.0 41.1 q= 4315
4 G 228.6 0.0 24.4
5 H 0.0 0.0 42.7 Nº of junctions
6 I 0.0 243.8 24.4 Nj = 8
7 J 0.0 365.8 36.6
8 K 228.6 243.8 44.2 Maximum Day Factor
MDF = 1.75
Fire flow
FF = 6624
Table 5
Balance in node K
Assigned flows and calculated Qik = Qk + Qkg + Qke
values Qk = 196.7
Let Balance in node E Qkg = 50
Qgf = QF/2 Qke + Qde = Qe + Qef Qke = 3410.6
Qf = 6821.1 lt/min Qde = Qe + Qef - Qke Qik = 3657
Qgf = 3410.6 lt/min Qe = 196.7
Qef = 3410.6 Balance in node H
Balance in node F Qke = 3410.6 Qih = Qh + Qhg
Qef = Qf - Qgf Qde = 196.7 lt/min Qh = 196.7
Qf = 6821.1 Qhg = 3557.2
Qgf = 3410.6 Balance in nodeD Qih = 3754
Qef = 3410.6 lt/min Qjd = Qd+Qde
Qd = 196.7 Balance in node I
Let Qde = 196.7 Qji = Qi + Qih + Qik
Qke = Qef Qjd = 393 lt/min Qi = 196.7
Qke = 3410.6 lt/min Qih = 3754
Balancein node G Qik = 3657
Let QHg + Qkg = Qg + Qgf Qji = 7608
Qkg = 50 lt/min QHg = Qg + Qgf - Qkg
Qg = 196.7 Balance in node J
FF = 6624.5 lt/min Qgf = 3410.6 QAJ = Qji + QJD
Qkg = 50 QJI = 7608
QHg = 3557 lt/min Q JD = 393
QAJ = 8001
QAJ = 0.133
6.- Tabulate flows obtained in Table 5 7.- Assign signs of flows, according Figure 4
3
(change the flow units to m /s)
Input information for the pipe running from thr re
system junction
Pipe ID D (m) C
A-J 0.2032 130
Table 6 Table 7
1. 85
Hazen Williams equation for the L⋅v
flow velocity
h f =6 . 8⋅ 1. 85 1 .17 (b
C ⋅d
v =0 . 85⋅C⋅R0h .63⋅S 0. 54 Eq .(a ) .
Microsoft Equation
h f :friction pressure drop (m
3.0
Input information for the pipe running from thr reservoir to the first system junction
Pipe ID D (m) C L (m) r Q (m3/s) h (m) R
(Eq.e) (Eq.f) (Eq.3)
A-J 0.2032 130 30.48 92.88 0.133 2.23 31.0
1 iteration
Pipe ID D (m) C L (m) r Q (m3/s) h (m) R
(Eq. e) (from Table 7) (Eq.f) (Eq.3)
JD 0.2032 130 457.2 1.40E+03 0.0066 0.128 36.089
Loop DE 0.2032 130 121.92 3.7E+02 0.003 0.01 5.339
JDEKI EK 0.2032 130 228.6 7.0E+02 -0.057 -3.48 113.164
KI 0.2032 130 228.6 7.0E+02 -0.061 -3.96 120.084
IJ 0.2032 130 121.92 3.7E+02 -0.127 -8.18 119.364
Sum -15.48 394.04
Table 9
Pipe ID D (m) C L (m) r Q (m3/s) h (m)
(Eq.1) (Eq.2) (Eq.f)
A-J A-J 0.2032 130 30.48 9.3E+01 0.133 2.23
1 iteration 12 iteration
DQ (m3/s)
3
Pipe ID D (mn) C L (m) Qadj(m /s) h (m) R
(Eq.5) (Eq. f) (Eq.3) (Eq. 4)
JD 0.2032 130 457.2 0.0486 5.198 198.0 0.0000
Loop DE 0.2032 130 121.92 0.0453 1.22 49.8 0.0000
JDEKI EK 0.2032 130 228.6 -0.0159 -0.33 38.4 0.0000
KI 0.2032 130 228.6 -0.0444 -2.20 91.7 0.0000
IJ 0.2032 130 121.92 -0.0848 -3.89 84.8 0.0000
Sum 0.00 462.6 0.0000
Pipe velocities
Table 11
Data from Table 7 and Table 9
Pipe Nº Di C L A Q v
3
m - m m² m /s m/s
A-J 0.2032 130 30.48 0.032 0.133 4.11
J-D 0.2032 130 457.2 0.032 0.049 1.50
D-E 0.2032 130 121.92 0.032 0.045 1.40
E-F 0.2032 130 243.84 0.032 0.058 1.79
F-G 0.2032 130 228.6 0.032 -0.056 -1.72
G-H 0.2032 130 228.6 0.032 -0.034 -1.04
H-I 0.2032 130 243.84 0.032 -0.037 -1.15
I-J 0.2032 130 121.92 0.032 -0.085 -2.61
K-I 0.2032 130 228.6 0.032 0.044 1.37
E-K 0.2032 130 228.6 0.032 0.016 0.49
G-K 0.2032 130 243.84 0.032 0.025 0.78
Table 12
Consumptions in nodes
(from Table 41)
Qj = DpJ = 196.7 lt/min
Qd = DpJ = 196.7 lt/min
Qi = DpJ = 196.7 lt/min
Qk = DpJ = 196.7 lt/min
Qe = DpJ = 196.7 lt/min
Qh = DpJ = 196.7 lt/min
Qg = DpJ = 196.7 lt/min
Qf = DPj + FF 6821.1 lt/min
System demand
SD = 8198 lt/min
Pipe Nº Di C L A Q v hf
m - m m² m3/s m/s m/km
A-J 0.2032 130 30.48 0.0324 0.133 4.112 73.31
J-D 0.2032 130 457.2 0.0324 0.049 1.498 11.37
D-E 0.2032 130 121.92 0.0324 0.045 1.397 9.99
E-F 0.2032 130 243.84 0.0324 0.058 1.787 15.76
G-F 0.2032 130 228.6 0.0324 0.056 -1.719 -14.67
H-G 0.2032 130 228.6 0.0324 0.034 -1.044 -5.83
I-H 0.2032 130 243.84 0.0324 0.037 -1.145 -6.92
J-I 0.2032 130 121.92 0.0324 0.085 -2.614 -31.87
I-K 0.2032 130 228.6 0.0324 0.044 1.368 -9.62
K-E 0.2032 130 228.6 0.0324 0.016 0.491 -1.45
K-G 0.2032 130 243.84 0.0324 0.025 0.776 -3.37
AJ 0.2032 130 30
n each junction
4.- Assing flow values to the map
demands are defined 3.- Assign the fire flow to junction F With data from Table 4
Fire Flow
FF = 6624 Lt/min Source A
d in the system: AD J 196.7
lt/(min*system)
lt/(min*junction)
Q [lt/min]
Source A 8001 393
J 196.7
I 3657 K 3410.6
lt/min 196.7 196.7
3754 50
lt/min Source C H 196.7 G 196.7
3557 3410.6
lt/min
lt/min
m3/s
ding Figure 4
Source A 0
or the pipe running from thr reservoir to the first J 196.7
228.6 0.057
243.84 0.057
228.6 -0.057
243.84 -0.001
30.48 0.133
L⋅v
1. 85
h ⋅C⋅d
0. 63 Hazen Williams equation
8⋅ 1. 85 1 .17 (b) f 0. 54
C ⋅d v= 0. 54
(c) loss in a circular pipe
2. 8⋅L L
tion pressure drop (mfc ) h f =10. 626 1. 85 4 .867 ⋅Q
Microsoft Equation
3.0 C ⋅d
e length (m)
d velocity (m/s )
e pipe diameter (m) hf =10.626 * L * Q^1.85 / (C^0.85 * d^4.8
en William coefficient
L
Microsoft Equation
3.0
r=10 . 626
1. 85 C 1. 85⋅d 4 .867
L⋅v
6 . 8⋅ 1 .85 1. 17 (b)
C ⋅d r= 10.626 * L / ( C^1.85 * d^4.86
h f =r⋅Q1 .85
hf = r * Q^1.85
n Williams equation for the velocity of a
ar pipe
355⋅C⋅d 0. 63⋅S 0. 54 Eq .( f )
Microsoft Equation
3.0
2 iteration 3 iteration 4
DQ (m3/s) Qadj(m /s) h (m) DQ (m3/s) DQ (m3/s) Qadj(m /s)
3 3 3
R Qadj(m /s) h (m) R
(Eq. 4) (Eq.5) (Eq. f) (Eq.3) (Eq. 4) (Eq.5) (Eq. f) (Eq.3) (Eq. 4) (Eq.5)
0.0393 0.0458 4.67 188.483 -0.0007 0.0451 4.54 186.049 0.0026 0.0477
0.0393 0.0426 1.09 47.190 -0.0007 0.0419 1.05 46.534 0.0026 0.0445
0.0393 -0.0070 -0.07 19.040 -0.0007 -0.0170 -0.37 40.482 0.0026 -0.0158
0.0393 -0.0331 -1.28 71.383 -0.0007 -0.0446 -2.22 92.045 0.0026 -0.0437
0.0393 -0.0875 -4.12 87.099 -0.0007 -0.0882 -4.18 87.688 0.0026 -0.0856
Sum 0.29 413.20 Sum -1.18 452.80 Sum
0.0114 0.0331 1.28 71.383 0.0108 0.0446 2.22 92.045 0.0017 0.0437
0.0114 0.0228 0.68 55.517 0.0108 0.0243 0.77 58.703 0.0017 0.0247
0.0114 -0.0479 -2.53 97.853 0.0108 -0.0371 -1.58 78.702 0.0017 -0.0353
0.0114 -0.0512 -3.05 110.416 0.0108 -0.0404 -1.97 90.217 0.0017 -0.0386
0.0114 Sum -3.63 335.17 Sum -0.55 319.67 Sum
-0.0106 0.0070 0.07 19.040 0.0093 0.0170 0.37 40.482 0.0014 0.0158
-0.0106 0.0463 2.53 101.321 0.0093 0.0555 3.55 118.359 0.0014 0.0570
-0.0106 -0.0674 -4.77 130.836 0.0093 -0.0581 -3.63 115.359 0.0014 -0.0567
-0.0106 -0.0228 -0.68 55.517 0.0093 -0.0243 -0.77 58.703 0.0014 -0.0247
Sum -2.85 306.71 Sum -0.47 332.90 Sum
Residual pressure at the junctions
Table 10
hfk Pressure losses between node A and
m/(1000m) Coordinates (ft) DEL the selected node
9.6
3.4 from Table 1 Column with the elevation diff
-5.8 referred to the elevation of th
-6.9
1.4
15.8
-14.7
-3.4
Flow rates solution Q (m3/s)
Source A 0.049
0 J 196.7
0.085
I 0.044 K
196.7 196.7
0.037 0
Pipe Nº Di C L A Q v hf Pipe Nº
m - m m² m3/s m/s m/km
A-J 0.2032 130 30.48 0.0324 0.133 4.112 73.610 A-J
J-D 0.2032 130 457.2 0.0324 0.049 1.498 11.254 J-D
D-E 0.2032 130 121.92 0.0324 0.045 1.397 9.889 D-E
E-F 0.2032 130 243.84 0.0324 0.058 1.787 15.603 E-F
G-F 0.2032 130 228.6 0.0324 0.056 -1.719 -14.520 G-F
H-G 0.2032 130 228.6 0.0324 0.034 -1.044 -5.773 H-G
I-H 0.2032 130 243.84 0.0324 0.037 -1.145 -6.850 I-H
J-I 0.2032 130 121.92 0.0324 0.085 -2.615 -31.549 J-I
I-K 0.2032 130 228.6 0.0324 0.044 1.368 -9.523 I-K
K-E 0.2032 130 228.6 0.0324 0.016 0.491 -1.432 K-E
K-G 0.2032 130 243.84 0.0324 0.025 0.776 -3.333 K-G
1
K E
196.7 196.7
G 196.7 6821.1 F
Figure 3
3
Q [lt/min]
196.7 D
196.7
E
196.7
3410.6
6821.1 F
Q [m3/s] 4
0.007
196.7 D
0.003
K -0.057 E
0.0 0.0
50
3410.6
G 0.0 0.0 F
3411
Figure 4 (repeated)
5
L
0 . 626 Eq .( e )
C 1. 85⋅d 4 .867
10.626 * L / ( C^1.85 * d^4.867 (Eq. e)
=r⋅Q1 .85 Eq . (f )
Microsoft Equation
3.0
Microsoft Equation
3.0
r * Q^1.85 (Eq. f)
2.14 90.524 0.0010 0.04431 2.19 91.574 0.00026 0.04431 2.19 91.571
0.79 59.347 0.0010 0.02508 0.82 60.222 0.00026 0.02510 0.82 60.255
-1.44 75.559 0.0010 -0.03429 -1.37 73.648 0.00026 -0.03404 -1.35 73.180
-1.81 86.907 0.0010 -0.03757 -1.72 84.896 0.00026 -0.03731 -1.70 84.404
-0.33 312.34 Sum -0.08 310.34 Sum -0.04 309.41
0.32 38.075 0.0006 0.01595 0.33 38.421 0.00024 0.01593 0.33 38.384
3.72 120.929 0.0006 0.05759 3.80 122.049 0.00024 0.05783 3.83 122.480
-3.46 112.957 0.0006 -0.05610 -3.39 111.905 0.00024 -0.05586 -3.37 111.499
-0.79 59.347 0.0006 -0.02508 -0.82 60.222 0.00024 -0.02510 -0.82 60.255
-0.21 331.31 Sum -0.08 332.60 Sum -0.03 332.62
7
8
9
196.7 D
0.045
0.016 E
196.7
0.058
6821 F
0.056
10
Di C L A Q Q v hf
in - ft ft² gpm ft3/s fps ft/kft
8 130 100 0.349 2113.672 4.709 13.491 73.61
8 130 1500 0.349 769.782 1.715 4.913 11.25
8 130 400 0.349 717.829 1.599 4.582 9.89
8 130 800 0.349 918.489 2.046 5.863 15.60
8 130 750 0.349 883.464 -1.968 -5.639 -14.52
8 130 750 0.349 536.629 -1.196 -3.425 -5.77
8 130 800 0.349 588.582 -1.311 -3.757 -6.85
8 130 400 0.349 1343.890 -2.994 -8.578 -31.55
8 130 750 0.349 703.355 1.567 4.489 -9.52
8 130 750 0.349 252.613 0.563 1.612 -1.43
8 130 800 0.349 398.789 0.889 2.545 -3.33
7 iteration 8 iteration 9
DQ (m3/s) Qadj(m /s) h (m) DQ (m3/s) DQ (m3/s) Qadj(m /s)
3 3 3
R Qadj(m /s) h (m) R
(Eq. 4) (Eq.5) (Eq. f) (Eq.3) (Eq. 4) (Eq.5) (Eq. f) (Eq.3) (Eq. 4) (Eq.5)
0.0 0.04852 5.19 197.832 0.00003 0.04855 5.19 197.938 0.00001 0.04856
0.0 0.04524 1.22 49.710 0.00003 0.04527 1.22 49.739 0.00001 0.04528
0.0 -0.01594 -0.33 38.396 0.00003 -0.01594 -0.33 38.395 0.00001 -0.01594
0.0 -0.04436 -2.20 91.664 0.00003 -0.04437 -2.20 91.673 0.00001 -0.04437
0.0 -0.08483 -3.89 84.822 0.00003 -0.08480 -3.89 84.796 0.00001 -0.08479
Sum -0.01 462.42 Sum 0.00 462.54 Sum
0.0 0.04436 2.20 91.664 0.00004 0.04437 2.20 91.673 0.00002 0.04437
0.0 0.02515 0.82 60.351 0.00004 0.02515 0.82 60.362 0.00002 0.02516
0.0 -0.03391 -1.34 72.955 0.00004 -0.03388 -1.33 72.890 0.00002 -0.03386
0.0 -0.03719 -1.69 84.167 0.00004 -0.03716 -1.69 84.099 0.00002 -0.03714
Sum -0.01 309.14 Sum 0.00 309.02 Sum
0.0 0.01594 0.33 38.396 0.00003 0.01594 0.33 38.395 0.00001 0.01594
0.0 0.05790 3.84 122.617 0.00003 0.05793 3.84 122.671 0.00001 0.05794
0.0 -0.05578 -3.36 111.370 0.00003 -0.05575 -3.35 111.318 0.00001 -0.05574
0.0 -0.02515 -0.82 60.351 0.00003 -0.02515 -0.82 60.362 0.00001 -0.02516
Sum -0.01 332.73 Sum 0.00 332.75 Sum
iteration 10 iteration 11 iteration
DQ (m3/s) Qadj(m /s) h (m) DQ (m3/s) Qadj(m /s) h (m)
3 3
h (m) R R R
(Eq. f) (Eq.3) (Eq. 4) (Eq.5) (Eq. f) (Eq.3) (Eq. 4) (Eq.5) (Eq. f) (Eq.3)
5.20 197.971 0.000004 0.04856 5.20 197.984 0.000001 0.048565 5.20 197.989
1.22 49.748 0.000004 0.04529 1.22 49.751 0.000001 0.045287 1.22 49.752
-0.33 38.396 0.000004 -0.01594 -0.33 38.396 0.000001 ### -0.33 38.396
-2.20 91.682 0.000004 -0.04437 -2.20 91.684 0.000001 ### -2.20 91.685
-3.89 84.788 0.000004 -0.08479 -3.89 84.785 0.000001 ### -3.89 84.784
0.00 462.58 Sum 0.00 462.60 Sum 0.00 462.61
2.20 91.682 0.000005 0.04437 2.20 91.684 0.000002 0.044375 2.20 91.685
0.82 60.372 0.000005 0.02516 0.82 60.374 0.000002 0.025159 0.82 60.375
-1.33 72.863 0.000005 -0.03386 -1.33 72.854 0.000002 ### -1.33 72.850
-1.69 84.070 0.000005 -0.03714 -1.69 84.060 0.000002 ### -1.69 84.057
0.00 308.99 Sum 0.00 308.97 Sum 0.00 308.97
0.33 38.396 0.000004 0.01594 0.33 38.396 0.000001 0.015937 0.33 38.396
3.84 122.689 0.000004 0.05795 3.84 122.696 0.000001 0.057947 3.84 122.699
-3.35 111.301 0.000004 -0.05574 -3.35 111.295 0.000001 ### -3.35 111.292
-0.82 60.372 0.000004 -0.02516 -0.82 60.374 0.000001 ### -0.82 60.375
0.00 332.76 Sum 0.00 332.76 Sum 0.00 332.76
12 iteration
DQ (m3/s) Qadj(m /s) h (m) DQ (m3/s)
3
R
(Eq. 4) (Eq.5) (Eq. f) (Eq.3) (Eq. 4)
0.000000 0.048566 5.20 197.990 0.000000
0.000000 0.045288 1.22 49.753 0.000000
0.000000 ### -0.33 38.396 0.000000
0.000000 ### -2.20 91.685 0.000000
0.000000 ### -3.89 84.783 0.000000
Sum 0.00 462.61
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy_Cross_method
[1]
https://www.slideshare.net/yourmohsin/pipe-network-analysis
[1] Analysis of water supply distribution networks
Mohsin Siddique
https://www.slideshare.net/yourmohsin/pipe-network-analysis
[2] CHAPTER 8
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
http://mimoza.marmara.edu.tr/~orhan.gokyay/enve311/ch8.pdf
[7] www.piping-tools.net
Pipes. Flow rate and pressure loss equations_Manning_HazenWilliams_DarcyWeisbach
pe_Network_Problems