Heatheat Chapter1
Heatheat Chapter1
Heatheat Chapter1
HEAT TRANSFER
MENG3105
0. CONTENT
2
1. INTRODUCTION
2. CONDUCTION HEAT TRANSFER
3. FORCED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER
4. NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER
5. RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER
6. HEAT EXCHANGERS
7. BOILING AND CONDENSATION HEAT
TRANSFER
0. CONTENT
3
REFERENCES
FRANK P. INCROPERA, FUNDAMENTALS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, 5TH EDITION
Y. A. CENGEL, HEAT TRANSFER-A PRACTICAL APPROACH, INTERNATIONAL EDITION
J.P. HOLMAN, HEAT TRANSFER, 8TH EDITION
A.F. MILLS, HEAT TRANSFER, 2ND EDITION
EVALUATION
Quizzes : 20%
Assignment : 10 %
MID-TERM EXAM : 30 %
FINAL EXAM: 50 %
ATTENDANCE IS COMPULSORY (A STUDENT WITH ATTENDANCE LESS THAN 80%
WILL NOT SIT FOR FINAL EXAM).
PRE REQUISITES: THERMODYNAMICS II AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS III
4
1. INTRODUCTION
Surrounding
System
Heat transfer
Work transfer
Fig.1.1 Interaction of a system with its surrounding
1.1 WHAT IS HEAT
5
TRANSFER?
A system interacts with its surrounding
through heat and work transfer
(Thermodynamics).
Heat transfer is the energy in transit due to
heat transfer.
1.1 WHAT IS HEAT TRANSFER?…
6
Convection, and
Radiation
Materi Diamo Silve Coppe Gold Alumi Iron Mercu Glass Brick Water Air
al nd r r num ry
K,(w/ 2300 429 401 317 237 80.2 8.54 0.78 0.72 0.613 0.02
mk) 6
1.3.1 Conduction Heat Transfer
14
…
In the limiting case where the thickness L 0 , equation
(1.2) can be written as
. dT
(1.3) Q kA
dx
Equation (1.3) is known as Fourier’s law of heat
conduction.
The heat transfer rate per unit area is known as heat flux,
q. .
(1.4) q QA k dT
dx
dT
dx
is temperature gradient or the slope of the curve on T-x
diagram.
1.3.1 Conduction Heat Transfer
15
…
Example 1.1
A copper slab (k=372w/mK) is 3mm thick. It is
protected from corrosion on each side by a 2 mm
thick layer of stainless steel (k=17w/mK). The
temperature is on one side of this composite wall
and on the other. Find the temperature distribution
in the copper slab and the heat flux conducted
through the wall.
1.3.1 Conduction Heat Transfer
16
…
Ts
A
Fig. 1.7 Radiation heat transfer between a surface and its surrounding
1.3.3 Radiation Heat Transfer …
24
.
An object that can emit Q max is called Black body (ideal
thermal radiator). But real objects radiate thermal energy
less than givenQ. by:
max
(1.7) .
Q AT s4
Where is a property known as emissivity. The value of
emissivity is in the range .
When a surface is enclosed by a single or a number of
surfaces as shown in Fig. 1.7, the radiation heat transfer is
given by (1.8)
.
Q A(Ts4 Tsur
4
)
1.3.3 Radiation Heat Transfer …
26
Fig. 1.8 Heat transfer mechanisms at the tube wall of a steam generator
1.3.3 Radiation Heat Transfer …
27
Example 1.2
An insulated steam pipe passes through a room in
which the air and walls are at . The outside
diameter of the pipe is 70mm, and its surface
temperature and its emissivity are and 0.8,
respectively. What is the emissive power per unit
area of the pipe? If the coefficient associated with
free convection heat transfer from the surface to the
air is 15 , what is the rate of heat loss from the
surface per unit length of pipe?
1.3.3 Radiation Heat Transfer …
28
Solution
The surface emissive power per unit area is obtained by equation (1.7)
.
Q
q Ts4 0.8 * 5.67 *10 8 * 4734
A
2270W / m 2
Heat is lost from the pipe through combination of convection to the
room air and radiation exchange with walls. From equations (1.5)
and (1.8),
.
Q hA(Ts T ) A(Ts4 Tsu4 )
h(DL)(Ts T ) (DL)(Ts4 Tsu4 )
The heat loss per unit length of the pipe will be
.
Q
q' h(D)(Ts T ) (D(Ts4 Tsu4 )
. L
15 * ( * 0.07)(200 25) 0.8 * ( * 0.07) * 5.67 *108 (4734 2984 )
577 421 998W / m
30
END OF CHAPTER 1