'BERTANE - THE LAND OF KING ARTHUR'_ Chapter 11 of the book 'How the Grails Sites Were Found - Wolfram von Eschenbach as a Historian' by Werner Greub _ Willehalm Institute For Anthroposophy as Grail Research and Social Organics
'BERTANE - THE LAND OF KING ARTHUR'_ Chapter 11 of the book 'How the Grails Sites Were Found - Wolfram von Eschenbach as a Historian' by Werner Greub _ Willehalm Institute For Anthroposophy as Grail Research and Social Organics
'BERTANE - THE LAND OF KING ARTHUR'_ Chapter 11 of the book 'How the Grails Sites Were Found - Wolfram von Eschenbach as a Historian' by Werner Greub _ Willehalm Institute For Anthroposophy as Grail Research and Social Organics
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Plate 31. “Camelot can only be Champmol in Dijon.”
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Plate 32. Turret remains from King Arthur’s Castle in Nantua his Capital
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Plate 33. “During King Arthur the lake extended beyond Nantua.”
Wolfram makes a
very revealing comment in this context. After Parzival had
mounted Ither’s
horse and had been trained by Yvaneten in the use of his
spear, he looked like
a splendid knight. Wolfram tells us that no shield maker
or painter could have
depicted him, so well he sat mounted on his horse here.
This charming
comparison is above all interesting due to the fact that
Wolfram is not
satisfied in bringing in any old shield maker: it had to be a
schiltaere (painter/ shield maker) from
Kölne (Cologne) or Mâstrieht
(Maastricht). Now it is not known that the shield
makers of Maastricht were
in the 9th century literally the best designers or
painters of armor. The fact
that Wolfram here in Nantua mentions a shield maker
from Maastricht is
therefore noteworthy to say the least. Mâstrieht is mentioned only once in
Parzival (P. 158:14), thus of
all places in Nantua, which according to the
legend was founded by Saint Amand
of Maastricht. The comparison with the
schiltaere
von Mâstrieht seems less far-fetched upon the assumption that
Wolfram wove
a historio-geographical allusion to this scene of action in his
Parzival.
I would not mention this peculiar connection between
Maastricht and Nantua,
if this couched reference to a historio-geographical
situation were a unique
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Plate 34. “Parzival was guided by a fisherman to a place where
Nantua could be seen.”
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Plate 35. “I
immediately went back: the signpost read Montréal-la-Cluse.”
called Gawain episode. One would not look for them in the land of
Bertane
from the outset. It is thus all the more a pleasant surprise to find a
pearl of
Wolfram’s landscape description in this otherwise so barrenly
described
region. Bearosche has
indeed a unique setting and Wolfram describes this
town situated between two
cluses in the loop of a navigable river so
accurately, that a present-day
visitor to this town cannot be left in doubt that
he is in Bearosche. Even the name Bearosche
is significant. The beautiful
rocks of both cluses are the most striking
feature of the relief of this site.
Before it reaches the town, a river flows
through an elongated valley that is
blocked at the east of the town by a plateau-like
cross ridge. The river now
breaks through – avoiding this cross ridge – the
last fold of the French Jura
mountains, forms an almost circular meander loop
around the town and cuts a
second time through the same Jura fold in a cluse
and finally continues
flowing beyond the cross ridge in the old elongated
valley again. This
geological configuration is only possible in Jura and, at
that, only by the last,
lowest fold. Such a phenomenon caused by erosion occurs
more often in this
area, but nowhere else in the world. This unique topography,
described
professionally by our expert Wolfram von Eschenbach, forms the
touchstone
for the assumption that – next to Willehalm – Wolfram’s Parzival
too must be
an exact factual account. Whoever has difficulties acknowledging
that
Wolfram’s Parzival is not based
on poetic imagination, but on real conditions,
should visit Bearosche. In Bearosche, the present town of Besançon on the
river Doubs, one
could come around to acknowledging the truthfulness of
what Wolfram is saying
(Plate 36).
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Plate 36. “The
relief of Besançon alone ought to convince one that Wolfram espouses the
truth.”
Wolfram does not tell us where Bearosche is. His exact description of the
topographic conditions,
however, permits us to locate it and thereby also
demonstrating that we are
apparently looking for Wolfram’s land of Bertane
at the right place.
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Map of Besancon
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Plate 37. “From Chapelle de Buis Gawain observes
Meljanz’ army advancing.”
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the
citadel (Plate 38) or downhill to the Doubs towards the town gate (P.
351:17):
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Plate 38.
“...wether to ride to the citadel of Bearosche or to the town gate?”
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Plate 40.
“Gawain was vexed because the town gates were walled up.”
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here, Gawain also overhears the conversation between Obie and Obilot (P.
358:16 [5]). P. 354:5 et seqq. describe how the town is faring. Wolfram
describes the position of the town as seen from Chapelle des Buis [2]. He
mentions the navigable river (Doubs) and the bridge on the outskirts of the
town (P. 354:7). The Roman origin of the bridge is well characterized with
the
words steinîn grôz (large stones).
The ancient bridge must still have been
intact in the 9th century. Today all
that remains are its fundaments lying under
the Battant Bridge [7].
The topography of the site is made beautifully visible
from the scene in which
Obie alarms Scherules, the viscount of the town. He is
not up in the citadel
but down in the valley. The squire, who on orders from
Obie is hurrying to
Scherules, must go down to the town. Wolfram knows this
quite well. He says
(P. 361:15):
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Plate 42. “Obilot was down below in the town with
Gawain.”
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Plate 43. “The Canton of Pontarlier is full of high, almost totally arid cliffs.”
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everywhere on the Lower Rhine. Similar to the High German ‘Meer’ (sea),
the word ‘Mar (Mer, Maer)’ came in the course of time to denote standing
water,
inland lake and then swamp.” Ritter then
quotes Julius Leithäuser:
“Middle High German mare; East Frisian mar, mare =
small stream, drain;
Dutch, mare, maer, meer = stretch of water, inland lake,
basin.” Heinz Ritter
also quotes
Dittmaier: “Probably in Old Low German mari, meri, in Old
Saxon meri = shallow
stretch of water, swampy area, the former tributaries of
the Rhine were also
denoted as such.”
Even though we have now established the distinct
possibility that
Champagnole was situated at a mer = a basin and that we have
to fully admit
that Wolfram is right, I consider the rock fall and the
temporary dam of the
Ain more probable that the use of the concept mer for a
basin without
standing water. The course of the road around the sack-like
stretch of land
that we present as lake (see map [5]) only makes sense, when it
is considered
to be the former lakeside road. Until the edge of a basin-like
deep was eroded
at some point to such a degree that the water could be drained
away
completely, it must have been filled with water. The name mer would
afterwards have been used for the drained, former mer = stretch of standing
water.
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Map of Dried-up Lake of Champagnol
to a swamp-like pond.
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the place at the southern slope of the mountain where the ruins
of the Mont
Rivel Castle are located.
But according to Wolfram’s references the castle
should be visible from the
pond.
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Plate 45. L’Etang and les Iles, marshy ponds in front
of Mont Rivel
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What we have not found yet are Brizljan Forest and the
river Plimizoel that
according to Wolfram are situated in Bertane as well (P.
206:6-8):
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Plate 46. The Port de France in Puntrut – Wolfram’s
Punt
The town wall once ran in the south along the length
of the suburb and the
stream. A third tower stood in the center, which could be
reached by crossing
a bridge. In the north and west, thus on the two small
sides of the town, the
walls ran directly on to the rock wall situated behind
the town. As a natural
fortification, this vertical limestone cliff was able to
offer much better
protection than the three artificial town walls with the
water-filled moats. In
front of Porte de France and its two turrets, between
which the tower leads
into the town, is an open square today between the rock
wall and the stream.
Here the artificially constructed part of the moat, once
filled with water with
a bridge spanning it, must have been located. In the
west, the structure must
have been the same. Wolfram’s town Punt was situated
between the two
towers. It leaned against the cliff and was surrounded on the
three remaining
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Plate 47.
Champagnole, Wolfram’s Schampfanzun
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Plate 48.
Pruntrut/ Porrentruy, Switzerland, Wolfram’s Punt
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makes
his visit on Good Friday to Trevrizent. Unfortunately, Wolfram does
not tell us
how far Kahenis had to ride in order to get from Punt to Terre de
salvaesche.
Kahenis has set up his tent – probably in Brizljan Forest – in the
neighborhood
of Trevrizent. Possibly he rides on horseback and with
packhorses or travels
with a wagon, only making his pilgrimage to Trevrizent
on foot after having set
up camp so as not to unnecessarily give way the
latter’s hidden habitat. The
Grail guards of Munsalvaesche too made a
preliminary stop in front of the
forest before going on a journey. The viscount
of Karchobra gave the Grail guards
a chance to equip themselves for expedi-
tions. Afterwards, they returned to him
again with their entourage and went
from there al eine (alone) through Soltane
Forest up to Munsalvaesche (P.
497). It may therefore not simply be concluded
that, since Kahenis makes the
whole journey on foot, Terre de salvaesche cannot be too far from Punt.
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This is indeed possible. Wolfram gives us the
necessary clues allowing us to
analyze another one of Parzival’s rides and
determining the geographical
position of Brizljan Forest.
Here is the corresponding train of thought: the forest
lies directly in front of
Terre de salvaesche.
While Arthur was staying at the Plimizoel, he forbade
his Round Table to fight
in order to prevent a battle with Anfortas’ army
happening by mistake. Terre de salvaesche was defended in a
mobile fashion.
Nobody knew exactly where he could be challenged. Arthur says
at the
Plimizoel in Brizljan Forest (P. 286:10):
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Map of South-west France with Nantua as the Center
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“Here towards the east you see open country and there in the north the
Garrigues Mountains. Behind them lie the Cevennes Mountains rising up, as
it
were, out of the plain. Drive through this plain, but stay close to the
mountains. Don’t ride on the hard road, but stay on the smooth countryside
always going straight ahead towards that most distant mountain that you can
see
rising up from the plain. Ride over hedge and ditch past the mountains on
your
left until you reach Lover (Lyon). There, the swamps flowing from the
east come
close to the mountains and absorb the large Saone River from the
north. Past
Lyon, you are to leave the guideline on your left that led you
hitherto. You
cross the Saone and pass through the valley in the region of the
vast
marshland. Ride right through this swamp towards the mountain that you
see
rising from the plain. This marshland lies halfway on your road to
Soltane.
Beyond the swamp, you will see the mountain range on your right
that will lead
you further. Ride on through the middle of the plain and the
mountains. This
will get you safely to the Rhine.”
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14/07/2021 'BERTANE - THE LAND OF KING ARTHUR'/ Chapter 11 of the book 'How the Grails Sites Were Found - Wolfram von Eschenbach as a Histo…
he continues along the Jura Mountains to Basle. About this road and the ride,
Wolfram says indeed only (P. 224:19-21):
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14/07/2021 'BERTANE - THE LAND OF KING ARTHUR'/ Chapter 11 of the book 'How the Grails Sites Were Found - Wolfram von Eschenbach as a Histo…
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