ATTITUDE OF LACTATING MOTHERS TOWARDS EXCLUSIVE

BREASTFEEDING IN GALADIMA ‘A’ WARD KANKIA LOCAL

GOVERNMENT

BY

FATIMA UMAR

B17/078

A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF

COMMUNITY HEALTH EXTENSION WORKERS, KATSINA

STATE COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES KANKIA IRO

SCHOOL OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY KANKIA, KATSINA

STATE

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE EQUIPEMENT FOR THE

AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN COMMUNITY HEALTH

(CHEW)

AUGUST, 2020
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this research project was written by me and it is a

product of my own effort. It has not been presented in part or full for any

Higher National Diploma, Diploma or Certificate in this or any other

Institution.

FATIMA UMAR
(B17/078)

Sign: __________________________________________

Date:__________________________________________

ii
 APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify and approved that, this project titled “Attitude of

Lactating Mothers towards Exclusive Breastfeeding in Galadima ‘A’

Ward Kankia Local Government Katsina State” was written by Fatima

Umar of Department of Community Health Extension Workers in Kankia

Iro School of Health Technology Kankia, Katsina State.

Project Supervisor

Name:___________________________________________

Sign & Date: ______________________________________

Head of Department

Name:___________________________________________

Sign & Date: ______________________________________

Class Coordinator

Name:___________________________________________

Sign & Date: ______________________________________

iii
 DEDICATION

I respectively dedicated this research project to my beloved husband and

parents for their maximum and underutilized support and encouragement

given to me whichonly God knows the limitation both in the period of

financial sufficiency and period of financial insufficiency that sustained me

during my study.

May almighty Allah reward them abundantly made their final to be

JannatulFirdausi?

Allahumma Ameen

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praise be to Almighty Allah (SWA) the most beneficent and the merciful

for his guidance and protection throughout my academic career in school of

Health Technology Kankia successful peace be upon his noble messenger

Muhammad (SAW) for leading us to a straight path.

A great appreciation and sincere gratitude goes to my beloved parents Alh.

Umar Mu’azu Kankia and HajiaHadizaBala Kankia for their tireless effort,

courage, care and support and guidance they had been rendered to me since

childhood up to my present situation may Almighty Allah reward them

abundantly?Ameen

Also a great appreciation and sincere gratitude goes to my project supervisor

MalamaAsiyaAbdullahiwho supervised my work and made necessary

corrections. My greatest thank goes to my beloved husbandfor his effort

courage, care and support and guidance he had been rendered to me.

A great appreciation and also a special thanks goes to my able (HOD) and

the entire lecturers of the Department, I will not forget the tiring effort and

prayer of my parents, brothers, sisters and well-wishers.

I round up my acknowledgement with special prayers to all people that

contribute toward the successful completion of my course may Allah assist

them in all their undertaking? Ameen

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i

Declaration ii

Attestation iii

Dedication iv

Acknowledgement v

Table of Contents vi

Abstract viii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem 2

1.3 Significance of the Study 3

1.4 Objectives of the Study 3

1.5 Research Question 4

1.6 Research Hypothesis 4

1.7 Scope and Limitation of the Study 5

1.8 Definition of Terms 6

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Literature Review 7

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design 13

vi
3.2 Area of the Study 13

3.3 Population of the Study 13

3.4 Sample and Sampling Techniques 16

3.5 Sample Size Determination 16

3.6 Preparation for Data Collection 16

3.7 Instrument for Data Collection 17

3.8 Data Analysis 17

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION

4.1 Introduction 18

4.2 Data Analysis and Result Presentation 18

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATION

5.0 Introduction 26

5.1 Summary 26

5.3 Conclusion 27

5.2 Recommendations 28

Reference 29

Appendix 30

vii
 ABSTRACT

This research project the attitude of lactating mothers towards exclusive

breastfeeding in Galadima ‘A’ Kankia, Kankia Local Government Katsina
State was complied. This research topic was chosen after ensuring that it is
intensity and researchable with my supervisor, the research questions were
formulated on topic of choice, the relevant literatures were revised on the
basis of the topic. A structural questionnaire was distributed and presented
in tabular form and percentages in conclusion, the work was summarized
the findings were discussed and then recommendations were ruled out
finally suggestions for further studies were solicited and fewer constraints
were encountered along the line.

viii
 CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter comprised of the following sub-headings, background of the

research questions, objectives of the study, limitation of the study, and

operational definition.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

United Nation International Children Education Fund (UNICEF) And the

World Health Organization (WHO 2012), defined exclusive breastfeeding as

the act of feeding an infant with onlybreastmilk, from the first day of birth to

6 months of life without any supplement. UNICEF (2011) and WHO (2012))

currently recommend that children be exclusively breastfed during the first 6

months of life. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended because breast milk

is uncontaminated and contains all the nutrients necessary for children in the

first few months of life. In addition, the mothers’antibodies in breast milk

provide immunity to disease, and improved cognitive development. Early

supplementation is discouraged for several reasons according to (WHO,

2008). First, it exposes infant to pathogens and increases their risk of

common childhood diseases. Secondly, it decreases infant’s intake of breast

milk and suckling, which reduces breast milk production. Thirdly, in low-

1
resources settings, supplementary food is often nutritionally inferior thus

causing malnutrition (WHO, 2010).

Ajayi, (2010)defined breastfeeding as the method of feeding the mammalian

infants (babies) with the natural milk directly from the mothers breast; that

is, it is a means of passing parental antidotes to the infants.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Currently UNICEF (2011) and WHO (2012) recommended that children be

exclusively breastfed during the first 6 months of life. In addition, the

mother’s antibodies in breast milk provide immunity to disease, and

improved cognitive development. Early supplementation is discouraged for

several reasons according to (WHO, 2008). Exclusive breastfeeding is one

of the strategies recommended for developing countries in the Prevention of

Mothers to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV postnatally (WHO, 2010).

2
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The momentousness of this study is to educate the people especially

mothers, a means of exclusive breastfeeding, as well as the attitude of

lactating mothers an exclusive breastfeeding.

The findings of this study will benefits people of Galadima ‘A’ Kankia, as

well as people of the Local Government and the state at large and even

beyond. The study will clearly to reduce the measures attitude of lactating

mothers and the ways of preventing its child. Theknowledge obtained will

be of great value to the society.

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To identify factors that influence lactating mothers in adopting

exclusive breastfeeding.

2. To identify the problems militating lactating mothers from

practicing exclusive breastfeeding in the area of the study.

3. To identify the important of exclusive breastfeeding to the mothers

and the child in the area of the study.

4. To suggest positive solutions to identified problems against the

practice of exclusive breastfeeding in the area of the study.

3
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. What are the factors that influence lactating mothers in adopting

exclusive breastfeeding in the area of the study?

2. What are the problems militating mothers from practicing exclusive

breastfeeding in the area of the study?

3. What are the importance of exclusive breastfeeding to the mother and

the child in the area of the study?

4. What are the possible solutionsto the identified problems militating

the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in the area of the study?

1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

The research is based on the following hypothesis:

1. Observed lactating mothers, who are not attending immunization unit,

that contribute to the poor attitude of exclusive breastfeeding.

2. Lack of awareness among the lactating mothers on how to breastfeed

their babies exclusively can lead to variety of infections.

3. Educating the members of the general community of Galadima ‘A’

about the benefit of exclusive breastfeeding to them and their

children.

4
1.7 SCOPE/LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The study was conducted in Galadima ‘A’ at Kankia Local Government

Area of Katsina State and it is restricted only to lactating mothers, which

focused on attitude of lactating mothers toward exclusive breastfeeding. The

study also looks onto the importance and awareness of lactating mothers

toward exclusive breastfeeding and changing of negative attitude into the

positive ones.

5
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

UNICEF: United Nation International Children Education Fund

WHO: World Health Organization

PMTCT: Prevention of mother to child transmission

Exclusive: Means excluding not admitting other things.

Lactating: Producing or secreting milk.

Infant/babies: A very young human being from birth to somewhere

between sex moths and two years of age, needing almost

constant care and/orattention.

Attitude: A complex mental state involving beliefs and feedings

and values and dispositions to act in certain ways.

Breast: Either of the two organs on the front of a woman’s chest,

which contain the mammary glands; also the analogous

organs in men.

Feeding: An instanceof giving food.

- The act of giving someone something to eat.

Nutrient: Any substance that can be metabolized by an organism to

give energy and build tissues.

6
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

INTRODUCTION

The review of the literature will be done under the following subheadings:

- Historical background of exclusive breastfeeding

- Religious prospect on breastfeeding

- Exclusive breastfeeding

- Advantages of breast milk

- Breastfeeding is a recommended way of providing infant with

nourishment.

- Benefits of breastfeeding

- Point to remember during breastfeeding

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

In the Egyptian Greek and Roman Empire, women usually feed only their

own children. However, breastfeeding began to be seen as something too

common to be done by royalty and wet nurses were employed to breastfeed

the children of the royal families. This extended over time, particularly in

Western Europe, where noble women often made use of wet nurses. Lower

class breastfeed their infants and use wet nurses only if they were unable to

7
feed their own infants. Attemptswere made in 15th century in Europe to use

cow or goat milk, but these attempts were not successful. In the 18 th century,

flour or cereals mixed both were introduced as substitutes for breastfeeding,

but this was also unsuccessful (Aleck 2009).

For hundreds of thousand years, humans lie all other mammals feed their

young’s with breastmilk. Before the 20th century, alternatives to

breastfeeding were rare. Attempts in 15th century in Europe to use cow or

goat milk were not every successful. In the 18th century, cereal mixed with

both were introduced as substitute for breastfeeding but these did not have a

favorable outcome either true commercial infant formulary appeared in the

marked in mid-19th century but their used did not become widespread until

after World war II (Picciono M. 2001).

In the early years of human species, breastfeeding was common as it was for

other mammals feeding their young. There were no alternative foods for the

infants and the mother along with other lactating females had no choice but

to breastfed their children (Fray and Kathy 2005).

RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVES ON BREASTFEEDING

In the Qur’an it is stated that a child should breastfeed if both parents agree.

Mothers may breastfeed their children two complete year for whoever

8
wishes to complete the nursing. And if you wish to have your children

nursed by a substitute, there is no blame upon you as long as you give

payment according to what is acceptable. Islam has recommended

breastfeeding for two years till 30 months, either by the nurse or wet nurse.

Even in Pre-Islamic, Arabian children were breastfed,commonly by wet

nurse (al-Baqara 2:333).

EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

Exclusive Breastfeeding: This means giving a baby breast milk no other

food or drink, not even water in addition to breastfeeding. However,

medicines, vitamins or minerals drops are permitted if indicated. Expressed

breastmilk is also permitted (Gupta and Ghali 2009).

Exclusive Breastfeeding: Can be defined as an infant’s consumption of

human milk with no supplementation of any type such as water, juice and

nonhuman milk, except for vitamins, minerals and medication for the first 0-

6months of life (Lawrence RA 2005).

ADVANTAGES OF BREAST MILK

Breast milk is very cheap, it provide love and affection between baby and

mother, breast milk is always sterile, it promote defense mechanisms of the

body it play role in family planning, because some mothers do not

9
menstruate during breastfeeding, hence with its continuation family planning

is achieved, breastmilk promote growth, it is always hygienic, it prevent

malnutrition and reduces infant mortality, it helps in the development of

jaws and teeth, it is fully meets the nutritional requirements of an infants in

the few month of life.

Breastfeeding has other advantage for the mother. It brings her emotional

satisfaction of knowing that she is meeting her nutritional needs several

times a day. It is convenient for her especially as it does not contain the

cleansing and sterilization of utensil nor their purchase.

Also breastmilk provides several bio-chemical advantages such as

prevention of neonatal hypocalcemia and hypomagnesaemia. Beside that it

contain anti-microbial factor which provide considerable protection against

infectious diseases. And it is easily digested and utilized by both the full

term and premature infant (Retrieved 2015).

BREASTFEEDING IS A RECOMMENDED WAY OF PROVIDING

INFANT WITH NOURISHMENT

Babies received certain immunity through breastfeeding which help and

protect them from some disease. Breastfeed babies are believed to have low

risk of respiration tract disturbance (Salemo2011).

10
Breastfeeding should be by putting the baby to the breast as soon as possible

after delivery. Breastmilk is better for all children especially in the first few

weak of life. But in developing countries breastmilk may be crucial for the

first two years of life. A successful period of breastfeeding is the best

protection a child has against malnutrition (Case of the Newborn 2007).

BENEFITS OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

BENEFITS TO THE INFANT

i. Promote mother-infant bonding.

ii. Protective immunity against some viral and bacterial infection.

iii. Reduced incidence of gastroenteritis and respiratory infections

including otitis media.

iv. Reduced incidence of allergic disorders.

v. General reduction in childhood illness and hospital admission

(WHO 2009).

BENEFITS TO THE MOTHER

i. Personal satisfaction and feeding of fulfilment of motherhood.

ii. Faster involution of the uterus with reduction in morbidity and

mortality.

iii. Lactationalamenorrhea.
11
 iv. Protection against certain malignancies like cancer of the breast

and endometrium (WHO 2009).

BENEFITS TO THE FAMILY AND COMMUNITY

i. Reduced cost of child care in terms of purchase of breastmilk

substitute and accessories e.g. feeding utensils.

ii. Reduced morbidity money consumed for other household necessity

instead of using them for health care.

iii. It is environment friendly in terms of cans and other wastes (WHO

2009).

POINTS TO REMEMBER DURING BREASTFEEDING

1- The breast should be held away from the nose so that the baby can

breathe easily.

2- The baby should be fully awakes when putting to breast and not to

allow him/her to sleep.

3- The baby should be held and move with care after nursing.

4- After some minute of breastfeeding he/she should rest for minute or

two minute while the mother held him up against her shoulder to let

the air in his stomach come up and makes room for more milk repeat

this when he/she has finished.

12
 CHAPTER THREE

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter consists of the research design, study area, population of the

study, sample size determination, preparation for data collection, instrument

for data collection, and data analysis respectively.

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

The theoretical design was used in this study in order to determine the

attitude of lactating mothers towards exclusive breastfeeding Galadima ‘A’

Kankia, Kankia Local Government Area Katsina State. And encourage

them, the importance of practicing exclusive breastfeeding.

3.3 STUDY AREA

Galadima ‘A’ ward is one of the ten (10) wards of Kankia Local

Government, Katsina State, that have traditional leader called (Hassan

Galadima), Galadima ‘A’ ward was created in 1999 due to the additional

Village Head which was created at the same year. Galadima ‘A’ ward has

eighteen (18) wards heads which include:

1. KofarGabas

13
 2. KofarYamma
3. SabonBirni ‘A’
4. SabonBirni ‘B’
5. BakinKasuwa ‘A’
6. BakinKasuwa ‘B’
7. BakinKasuwa ‘C’
8. BakinKasuwa ‘D’
9. Layi
10.KauyenDawa ‘A’
11.KauyenDawa ‘B’
12.KauyenDawa ‘C’
13.KauyenDawa ‘D’
14.UnguwarKanawa
15.Zango ‘A’
16.Zango ‘B’
17.UnguwarRinji
18.KofarArewa

The inhabitants of the area are majority Hausa and Fulani by tribes, with

some Igbo and Yoruba.

Social and Religious Activities

Galadima ‘A’ Ward the majority of the people are Muslims with

hardworking Islamic Scholars who develop their time towards propagation

of Islam, but only few are Christians by religions.

14
Education

Galadima ‘A’ Ward has seven (7) primary school, eight (8) of them are

private, and three (3) day secondary school, advernseinstitutions are health

line, others are teaching training center. Kankia Iro School of Health

Technology, distance learning centre (DLS), which and all belongs to

Galadima ‘A’ Ward.

Health Facilities

Galadima ‘A’ Ward has (3) health facilities only one is private (1) PHC and

(1) health Clinic.

Agricultural Activities

Galadima ‘A’ Ward is one of the food producing area in Kankia Local

Government. The land of the area’s fertile and is capable of producing both

cash crops, in large quantity that can satisfy the producers and neighboring

communities. The crops produced include maize, rice, Guinea corn, beans,

millet, groundnut, soya beans etc.

Commerce and Industry

The people of Galadima ‘A’ Ward practice local crafts and others such as:

carpentry, sawing, bakery, grinding, weldering etc.

15
Socio-Cultural Activities

The people of Galadima ‘A’ Ward are well cooperated with the spirit of

commitment, likewise the wealthiest, among them are assisting the poor

once, in term of health is the only few of the people attending hospital when

they are sick, but the majority of these people believe in spiritual acts or

witches that causes their illness. People of Galadima ‘A’ Ward are

monogamous community that shares the same culture, norms, customs and

values etc.

3.4 SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION

Sample size of are one hundred and ninety eight (198) respondents were

selected and of (18) eighteen settlement, among the target population of

twelve thousand nine hundred and fifty four (12,954), as a sample size for

the study. Eleven (11) respondents are selected from each settlement making

(198) respondents.

3.5 PREPARATION FOR DATA COLLECTION

In preparation for the study on introductory letter was obtained from

department of community Health Kankia to the senior traditional leader of

Galadima ‘A’ Ward for permission to conduct the research.

16
3.6 INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION

A questionnaire was distributed to collect information/data and it has three

sections, section A, B and C respectively.

3.7 DATA ANALYSIS

The data collected was analyzed using table presentation bar chart and

Likert’s rating scale.

17
 CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter deals with the analysis and presentation of data. The data

collected was analyzed and presented in tables using research questions

guiding the study. Two hundred (200) questionnaires were distributed to the

respondents. Out of the two hundred (200) questionnaires distributed one

hundred and fifty (150) questionnaires were dully filled and returned,

representing more than 85% response rate.

4.2 DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION

SECTION ‘A’

PERSONAL DATA

1. Age Distribution:

Respondent Frequency Percentage

15 – 20yrs 30 20%
26 – 35yrs 70 46.6%
36 – 45yrs 30 20%
50 to above 20 13.4%
Total 150 100%

The above table shows that the distribution of the respondents, 30

respondents representing 20% age within 15 – 20yrs, 70 respondents

representing 46.6% age within 26 – 33yrs, 30 respondents representing

18
20%age within 36 – 45yrs, 20 respondent representing 13.4% within 50 to

above.

2. Sex Distribution:

Sex Distribution

50

100

The above pie chart shows that 500of the respondents’represents (33.4%)

were males, and 1000of the respondents represent (66.6%) were females.

3. Tribes:

Respondent Frequency Percentage

Fulani 20 13.4%
Hausa 90 60%

19
Igbo 10 6.6%
Yoruba 30 20%
Total 150 100%

The above table shows that the distribution of the respondents from 20
respondents represent 13.4% within Fulani tribe, 90 respondents represent
60% within Hausa tribe, 10 respondents represent 6.6% within Igbo tribe
and 30 respondents represent 20% within Yoruba tribe.

4. Marital Status:

Marital Status

33%

67%

The above pie chart shows that 50 of respondents represent (33%) were
single and 1000of the respondents represent (67%) were married.

5. Level of Literacy:

20
 Level of Literacy
100
90
90
80
70
60 Level of Literacy
50
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
Tertiary Secondary Primary Qur'anic

The above bar chart of level of literacy distribution of the respondents 90

respondents represent (60%) within tertiary level, 20 respondents represent
(13.4%) within secondary level, 10 respondents represent (6.6%) with
primary level 30 respondents represent (20%) within Qur’anic.

6. Occupation:

The above pie chart shows that 900of the respondents (60%) within civil

servant, 100 respondents represent (6.6%) within farmers 20 0 respondents

represent (13.4%) within business and 300 respondents represent (20%)

within students.

SECTION ‘B’

21
 1. What are the factors that influence lactating mothers in adopting

exclusive breastfeeding?

S/N OPTIONS SA A D SD TT X REMARKS

1. The baby body look healthier 70 40 30 10 150 3.4 Agreed

Agreed
2. Supplementing feeding is 60 50 20 20 150 3.2

harmful to the babies less than

Research Question (1)

six months of age health

Agreed
3. With excusive breastfeeding risk 70 40 20 20 150 3.3

of diseases is reduce by 95%

Agreed
4. The baby grow faster than the 80 30 20 20 150 3.4

others aged mate

Agreed
5. Create bonding between baby 70 50 20 10 150 3.4

and mothers

The above table shows that the distribution of the respondents agreed with

all the options.

2. What are the problems militating lactating mothers from practicing

exclusive breastfeeding in Galadima ‘A Kankia?

22
 S/N OPTIONS SA A D SD TT X REMARKS

1. Cultural believesand 55 65 15 15 150 3.1 Agreed

practices
Research Question (2)

Agreed
2. Lack of support from the 30 80 20 20 150 3.4

family
Agreed
3. Taking the child to another 60 50 30 10 150 3.0

caregivers
Agreed
4. Ignorance on the importance 70 50 20 10 150 3.4

on the exclusive breastfeeding

The above table shows that the distribution of the respondents agreed with

all the options.

3. What are the important of exclusive breastfeeding?

S/N OPTIONS SA A D SD TT X REMARKS

23
 1. Is always clean 70 60 10 10 150 3.2 Agreed
Agreed
2. The breastmilk contains 40 30 50 30 150 2.6

enough water and other

nutrients for the babies need

Research Question (3)

Agreed
3. Is always ready and at the 70 60 10 10 150 2.7

right temperature
Agreed
4. Is a whole food for the infant 50 40 40 20 150 2.7

and covers all babies need

for the first 6 months

Agreed
5. Promote adequate growth 50 40 40 20 150 3.1

and development to the baby

The above table shows that the distribution of the respondents agreed with

all the options.

4. What are the possible solutions to the problem militating the practice of

exclusive breastfeeding?

S/N OPTIONS SA A D SD TT X REMARKS

24
 1. Health education on the 70 60 10 10 150 3.1 Agreed

importance of exclusive

breastfeeding
Agreed
Research Question (4)

2. Through government and 50 40 40 20 150 2.7

NGOs support programmes

Agreed
3. Family and community 40 30 50 30 150 2.6

support
Agreed
4. Outreach services 30 50 40 20 150 2.9

community mobilization
Agreed
5. Community mobilization 40 50 40 20 150 2.6

The above table shows that the distribution of the respondents agreed with

all the options.

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSION, FINDINGS, SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND

CONCLUSION

5.1 INTRODUCTION

25
This chapter is main and concern with the findings under this project which

has the attitude of lactating mothers toward exclusive breastfeeding in

Galadima‘A’ area of Kankia local government Katsina state.

5.2 SUMMARY

This project is designed for the purpose of research, with the attitude of

lactating mothers toward exclusive breastfeeding. These research

workconsist of five chapters.

Chapter one comprised the introduction of the topic matter, background of

the study, the purpose and objectives of the study, problems statement,

hypothesis, limitation of the study, operational definition.

However, chapter two consistsof the literature review, that entirely different

work done by other profession in the field of attitude of lactating mothers in

the area of the study.

Chapter three deals with the methodology of research which explained the

various methods and techniques used during the period of this research. The

methods are literature review, observation, questionnaire as well as

interview conducted with council officials in the local government.

26
Chapter four focuses on data presentation and analysis and finding based on

data received from the local populace furthermore this researchas regards to

the attitude of lactating mothers towards exclusive breastfeeding.

Chapter five, this consist of finding, discussion, summary, conclusion and

recommendations have been mode based on the finding obtained in this

research, the chapter also deals with list of figures appendix of abbreviations

and finally the biography of the research project.

5.3 CONCLUSION

Based on the finding of the study, it was discovered the knowledge, attitude

and practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Galadima ‘A’ community of

Kankia local government. Similarly, majority of the mothers have a very

good attitude to exclusive breastfeeding.

5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Government should leverage on the good attitudes of people on exclusive

breastfeeding by increasing awareness through the use of IEC materials,

mass media etc.

27
2. The ministry of health should promote the practice of exclusive

breastfeeding in the maternal and child health care (MCHC) clinics

within its jurisdiction through building and information dissemination.

3. The local government should provide training to the health workers on

exclusive breastfeeding.

4. Health workers should be mandated to educate the mothers during each

antenatal care visits and after delivery on importance of exclusive

breastfeeding.

5. The Local Government Primary Health Care (PCH) department should

provide training for Volunteer Village Health Worker (VVHW) and

Traditional Birth Attendant (TTA) about the importance of exclusive

breastfeeding. So as to enable them to pass across the information to

other people in the community.

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28
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29
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North Am 48 (1): 58-67.

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prevented study group ( October – 2012) “ systematic review early
infant feeding and the prevention of cocliac disease.

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US food and drug Administration (1994-08-17). “FDA Moves to end use of
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10.

APPENDIX

QUESTIONNAIRE

Katsina State College of Health

31
 Science and Technology, Kankia

IroSchool of Health and

Technology Kankia, Community

Health Department

Dear respondent,

I am a finalist student of the above named school, conducting a research on

“The Attitude of Lactating Mothers Exclusive Breastfeeding, a research
project was conducted in Galadima ‘A’ Ward, Kankia, Katsina State” I will
greatly appreciate your cooperation is responding to the questions below as
your contribution to this research. I assure you of the greatest confidentiality
and the information collected will be use for the research purpose only.

Thanks for your cooperation.

Yours Faithfully,

Fatima Umar

Chew in Training

INSTRUCTIONS:Please tick in the appropriate space provided and give

opinion where needed.

32
SA – Strongly Agreed

A – Agreed

D – Disagreed

SD – Strongly Disagreed

SECTION ‘A’

PERSONAL DATA

1. Age: 15 – 25yrs ( ) 25 – 35yrs ( ) 36 – 45yrs ( ) 50 – above ( )

2. Sex: Male ( ) Female ( )
3. Tribe: Hausa ( ) Fulani ( ) Igbo ( ) Yoruba ( )
4. Marital Status: Married ( ) Single ( )
5. Level of Literacy: Tertiary ( ) Secondary ( ) Primary ( ) Qur’anic ( )
6. Occupation: Civil Servant ( ) Farmer ( ) Business ( ) Student ( )

SECTION ‘B’: INFORMATION CONCERNING RESEARCH

QUESTION

RESEARCH QUESTION ONE

33
1. What are the factors that influence lactating mothers in adopting
exclusive breastfeeding?

S/N OPTIONS SA A D SD

6. The baby body look healthier

7. Supplementing feeding is harmful to the babies health

8. Risk of diseases is reduce by 95%

9. The baby growth faster than the others aged male

10. Create bonding between baby and mothers

RESEARCH QUESTION TWO

2. What are the problems militating lactating mothers from practicing

exclusive breastfeeding in Galadima ‘A Kankia?

S/N OPTIONS SA A D SD

5. Cultural believes and practices

6. Lack of support from the family

7. Taking the child to another caregivers

8. Ignorance on the importance on the exclusive

breastfeeding

RESEARCH QUESTION THREE

34
3. What are the important of exclusive breastfeeding?

S/N OPTIONS SA A D SD

6. Is always clean

7. The breastmilk contains enough water and other

nutrients for the babies need

8. Is always ready and at the right temperature

9. Is a whole food for the infant and covers all babies

need for the first 6 months

10. Promote adequate growth and development to the baby

RESEARCH QUESTION FOUR

4. What are the possible solutions to the problemsmilitating the practice of

exclusive breastfeeding?

S/N OPTIONS SA A D SD

6. Health education on the importance of 70 60 10 10

exclusive breastfeeding

7. Through government and NGOs support 50 40 40 20

programmes

8. Family and community support 40 30 50 30

9. Outreach services community mobilization 30 50 40 20

35
10. Community mobilization 40 50 40 20

36