Open Ended Lab (HVAC)

Open Ended Lab
Subject: ME-313L, Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Brief of Assignment:
Cooling load calculations may be used to accomplish one or more of the following objectives:
a) Provide information for equipment selection, system sizing and system design.
b) Provide data for evaluating the optimum possibilities for load reduction.
c) Permit analysis of partial loads as required for system design, operation and control.
This assignment requires a procedure for preparing a manual calculation for cooling load. A
number of published methods, tables and charts from industry handbooks, manufacturer’s
engineering data and manufacturer’s catalog data usually provide a good source of design
information and criteria in the preparation of the HVAC load calculation. It is not the intent of
this assignment to duplicate this information but rather to extract appropriate data from these
documents as well as provide a direction regarding the proper use or application of such data so
that engineers and designers involved in preparing the calculations can make the appropriate
decision and/or apply proper engineering judgment.
Concepts and fundamentals of air conditioner sizing is based on heat gain, and/or losses in a
building. It is obvious that you will need to remove the amount of heat gain - if it is hot outside.
Similarly, you'll need to add in the heat loss from your space - if outside temperature is cold. In
short, heat gain and loss, must be equally balanced by heat removal, and addition, to get the
desired room comfort that we want. The heat gain or heat loss through a building depends on:
a. The temperature difference between outside temperature and our desired temperature.
b. The type of construction and the amount of insulation is in your ceiling and walls.
Let's say, that you have two identical buildings, one is build out of glass, and the other out of
brick. Of course the one built with glass would require much more heat addition, or removal,
compared to the other - given a same day. This is because the glass has a high thermal
conductivity (U-value) as compared to the brick and also because it is transparent, it allows
direct transmission of solar heat.
c. How much shade is on your building’s windows, walls, and roof? Two identical buildings with
different orientation with respect to the direction of sun rise and fall will also influence the air
conditioner sizing.
d. How large is your room? The surface area of the walls. The larger the surface area - the more
heat can loose, or gain through it.
e. How much air leaks into indoor space from the outside? Infiltration plays a part in determining
our air conditioner sizing. Door gaps, cracked windows, chimneys - are the "doorways" for air to
enter from outside, into your living space.
f. The occupants. It takes a lot to cool a town hall full of people.
g. Activities and other equipment within a building. Cooking? Hot bath? Gymnasium?
h. Amount of lighting in the room. High efficiency lighting fixtures generate less heat.
i. How much heat the appliances generate. Number of power equipments such as oven, washing
machine, computers, TV inside the space; all contribute to heat.
The air conditioner's efficiency, performance, durability, and cost depend on matching its size to
the above factors. Many designers use a simple square foot method for sizing the air-
conditioners. The most common rule of thumb is to use "1 ton for every 500 square feet of floor
area". Such a method is useful in preliminary estimation of the equipment size. The main
drawback of rules-of-thumb methods is the presumption that the building design will not make
any difference. Thus, the rules for a badly designed building are typically the same as for a good
design. It is important to use the correct procedure for estimating heat gain or heat loss. Two
groups—the Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) and the American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)—publish calculation
procedures for sizing central air conditioners.
What is Required?
1. Select any residential or commercial building and prepare its drawings.
2. Study the effect of orientation, roof insulation, wall to window ratio and double-
glazing windows on heating and cooling load.
3. Calculate the annual cooling and heating load for selected building with existing
materials.
Originality Limits:
Originality limit for submission is 20%.
Last Date of Submission: 10th August 2021
Mode of Submission: Word Document along with PPT file. would be uploaded on
Microsoft Teams.

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Open Ended Lab

Subject: ME-313L, Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning

decision and/or apply proper engineering judgment.

direct transmission of solar heat.

heat can loose, or gain through it.

enter from outside, into your living space.

f. The occupants. It takes a lot to cool a town hall full of people.

machine, computers, TV inside the space; all contribute to heat.

Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)—publish calculation

procedures for sizing central air conditioners.

1. Select any residential or commercial building and prepare its drawings.

glazing windows on heating and cooling load.

Originality limit for submission is 20%.

Last Date of Submission: 10th August 2021

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