October 2018 (IAL) QP - Unit 1 Edexcel Biology A-Level 56 - 13

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International
Advanced Level
Monday 8 October 2018

Morning (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper Reference WBI01/01
Biology
Advanced Subsidiary
Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health
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Turn over
P55417A
©2018 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1/
*P55417A0124*
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 There is a variety of organic molecules in living organisms.

(a) Put a cross ( ) in the box to complete each of the following statements.
(i) Monosaccharides form disaccharides by the formation of
(1)
A a glycosidic bond
B a hydrogen bond
C an ester bond
D an ionic bond
(ii) Glycogen can be converted to glucose.

The type of reaction taking place is
(1)
A condensation
B esterification
C hydrolysis
D replication
(b) The diagram below shows the structure of the amino acid glycine.
H2N C COOH
H DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
2
*P55417A0224*
(i) Draw a diagram to show the structure of the molecules produced when
two molecules of glycine are joined together.
(3)
H HHO
H-N-C-C N-C-C-OH
HHO H
(ii) Name the type of molecule produced when several amino acids are
joined together.
(1)
polypeptide
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(c) Explain how water is involved in the transport of molecules in living organisms.
(3)
Water is a solvent, and water is polar, so polar molecules dissolve in it.

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Water is cohesive, so polar molecules are stuck to water molecules.

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(Total for Question 1 = 9 marks)
3
*P55417A0324* Turn over
2 The development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is often linked to high blood pressure.
(a) Explain what is meant by the term cardiovascular disease.

(2)
the disease of the heart caused by blockage of coronary artery.
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(b) Put a cross ( ) in the box to complete the following statement.

Drugs used to treat high blood pressure are called
(1)
A anticoagulants
B antihypertensives

C platelet inhibitors
D statins
(c) State two risk factors, other than high blood pressure, that contribute to the
development of CVD.
(2)
high-cholesterol
1 ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .diet
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less exercise
2 ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
*P55417A0424*
(d) The table below shows the death rate from CVD in various European countries in
2011. Males and females under the age of 65 are included in the data.
Death rate from CVD

Countries
/ per 100 000 of population
France, Italy, Israel under 40
Ireland, Germany 40 to 49
Finland, Malta 50 to 59
Turkey, Poland 60 and over
(i) Suggest why the data are presented as deaths per 100 000.
(1)
To standardise the number of deaths since there are different population

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numbers in different countries.

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(ii) In Poland, the death rate from CVD in 2011 was 115 per 100 000 of population.
In 2001, the death rate from CVD was 141 per 100 000.
Calculate the percentage decrease in the death rate.
Show your working.
(2)
[(141-115)/141]*100%=18.4%
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %
5
(iii) Suggest an explanation for the difference in the death rates from CVD in
Poland between 2001 and 2011.
(3)

People were more aware of cardiovascular disease, they ate balanced
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diet and exercised more.

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6
*P55417A0624*
3 The photograph below shows a hand of a person with Marfan syndrome on the left.
The photograph also shows a hand of an unaffected person on the right.
Marfan syndrome affects 1 in 4 000 people. This syndrome is caused by a gene

mutation that is a dominant allele.
(a) Explain what is meant by each of the following terms.
(i) Gene mutation
(2)
A gene is a sequence of bases, where there is a change in the bases

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of the sequence.
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(ii) Dominant allele

(2)
Allele is another version of a gene where characteristics are

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expressed even when it is heterozygous.

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7
(b) (i) Draw a genetic diagram to show all the possible children of a male
heterozygous for this syndrome and an unaffected female.

On your diagram, show the genotypes and the phenotypes of the parents and
their children.
(4)
phenotype Marfarin healthy

genotype Mm mm
gametes M m M M
mm
M Mm Mm
m mm mm
genotype 2Mm:2mm
phenotype 1Marfarin:1healthy
probability=1/2

(ii) The first child of these parents is affected by this syndrome.
State the probability that their next child will also have this syndrome.
(1)
1/2
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8
*P55417A0824*
4 Polynucleotides, DNA and RNA, are involved in protein synthesis.
(a) Put a cross ( ) in the box to complete the following statement.
Both DNA and RNA

(1)
A are single-stranded
B contain deoxyribose
C contain phosphate groups
D contain uracil
(b) (i) The diagram below shows the messenger RNA base sequence produced from
a DNA strand.
U G A A G C G G C U
A C G T
Write the sequence of bases in the original DNA template strand in the boxes below.
(2)
A C T T C G C C A
G
(ii) Put a cross ( ) in the box to complete the following statement.

The number of codons in a messenger RNA molecule containing
900 mononucleotides is
(1)
A 100
B 300
C 600
D 900
9
*(c) Describe the stage of protein synthesis that occurs in the nucleus of a cell.
(5)

The stage is transcription.
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The DNA helix is unwound and hydrogen bonds broken to by DNA helicase. RNA
mononucleotides
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pair
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . up
. . . . . . . . . . .with
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .its complementary bases and are joined by DNA
............................................................................................................................................ .....................................
polymerase. DNA ligase forms phosphodiester bonds between RNA mononucleotides,

which results in an mRNA molecule being formed.
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Protein synthesis is the production of proteins by transcription and translation.

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After synthesis of mRNA molecule, the mRNA molecule moves out of nuclear pore and
reaches the
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mRNA reaches ribosome. tRNA carries amino acids to mRNA.

tRNA interacts with mRNA, where hydrogen bonds form between anticodon site of
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tRNA and complementary codons from mRNA. Amino acids form peptide bonds between
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them through condensation reaction by enzyme action, then tRNA molecules detach
themselves
................................ . . . . . . . . . .from
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mRNA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .ribosomes detach from sequence of bases on mRNA.
. . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .....................................
Process continues to form a polypeptide which becomes a protein.

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
*P55417A01024*
5 About 22% of the current UK population are classified as being obese. Obesity is
linked to the development of CVD and type 2 diabetes.
Obesity can be estimated using the body mass index (BMI). BMI is calculated using
the formula below.
mass in kilograms
BMI =
(height in metres )2
(a) Calculate the mass of a person with a BMI of 30 and a height of 1.95 metres.
(2)
30*1.95^2=114kg
................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg
11
(b) Type 2 diabetes can be caused by the pancreas not producing enough of the
hormone insulin. As a result, blood glucose levels remain high.

Studies show that about 90% of people with type 2 diabetes in the UK have a BMI
over 30.
The graph below shows the results of a recent study to investigate the link
between type 2 diabetes and BMI in both men and women.
100
Key
men
80 women
Percentage with type 2 diabetes (%)
60

40
20
0
< 20 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40
BMI
(i) Using the information in the graph, describe the relationship between BMI
and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in men.
(2)

Increase in BMi increases the incidence of type 2 diabetes in men in general.
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BMi of smaller than 20 increases incidence of type 2 diabetes in men.

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
*P55417A01224*
(ii) Compare the incidence of type 2 diabetes in men and in women.
(3)
Incidence of type 2 diabetes in men and women increases in general by BMI value
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
increase
Males have
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . .a
. . . . . .higher
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .incidence of type 2 diabetes than women.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .....................................
Women of 35-39BMI had a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes than men.

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Suggest how an obese man should change his lifestyle.

(2)
He should exercise more and eat a more balanced diet.

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) Food diaries are a way of allowing people with type 2 diabetes to monitor their
diet at home by recording their daily diet.
Suggest two reasons why this might not be a reliable method for monitoring diet.
(2)
They may
1 ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .not
. . . . . . . . . . . .fill
. . . . . . . . . . .the
. . . . . . . . . . . . .diary in every day.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .....................................
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
They may fill in food eaten that are contradictory to what they actually ate in
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . .reality.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
6 Blood clots in veins and arteries may lead to heart attacks.
(a) (i) Put a cross ( ) in the box that completes the following statement.

(1)
The role of thrombin in the blood clotting process is to
A activate the enzyme thromboplastin
B catalyse the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
C stimulate the release of fibrinogen
D stimulate the release of prothrombin
(ii) Explain how a blood clot can cause a heart attack.

(3)
Blood clots restrict blood flow to heart muscle cells if it happened in the
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
coronary arteries, so cells are deprived of oxygen, so heart muscles die, hence
leading to
................................ . . . . . . . . .heart
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .attack.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
*P55417A01424*
(b) The photograph below shows a cross section of a large vein, as seen using a
light microscope.
Magnification ×12
Calculate the actual thickness of the wall of this vein between X and Y.
Show your working.
(2)
A=1.2/12=0.1cm-10mm
........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm
15
*(c) Explain how the structure of an artery is related to its function.
(5)

Arteries have a lot of collagen in their walls, which helps to withstand high blood
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pressure.
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arteries have smooth muscle, which allows arteries to control lumen diameter.
Arteries. . . . . . have
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . elastic
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fibres,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .which allows arteries to stretch and recoil, where
............................................................................................................................................ .....................................
recoiling helps to maintain high blood pressure.

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Artery walls have smooth endothelium, so it reduces friction.
Arteries have small lumen to maintain high blood pressure.
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
*P55417A01624*
7 Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene.
(a) Explain how a mutation in the CFTR gene affects movement of water through the
cell membrane.
(3)
mutation causes a change in sequence of bases in CFTR gene, which causes wrong
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mRNA molecule to be coded during transcription in protein synthesis, so wrong amino
acids are .coded
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .for
. . . . . . . . . . . .during
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .translation, so results in bonds formed in wrong positions,
. . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .....................................
which results in different tertiary structure, which results in a faulty CFTR protein.
CFTR protein is a chloride channel, so chloride ions accumulate in the cell. Sodium
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
channel is not inhibited by CFTR protein, so sodium ions rapidly diffuse into cell
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
through the sodium channel. This results in the cell having a high solute concentration
than outside
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . .the
. . . . . . . . . . . . .cell,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .so
. . . . . . . . .water moves into cell by osmosis.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .....................................
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Cystic fibrosis affects 1 in 3 000 children born in the UK. This disorder can be
detected by prenatal genetic testing.
(i) Name one type of prenatal testing. Describe how this is carried out.
(3)
Text
Type...................Amniocentesis.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How this is carried out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................ .................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

This occurs during 14-16 weeks of pregnancy. 30cm^3 of amniotic fluid is extracted
from uterus
................................. . . . . . . .by
. . . . . . . . . .syringe
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .and
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .needle, then the fluid is transferred to a test tube
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . which
........................
is spun in a centrifuge. The fetal epithelial cells are collected, then put in a culture
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
for 3 weeks. Then karyotype testing is conducted onto the cells to check for genetic
abnormalities.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Text 17
Text
(ii) Suggest why prenatal testing for cystic fibrosis is not offered to all pregnant women.
(1)

They have religious beliefs that say that they should accept what happens to child.
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Discuss the ethical issues relating to the use of genetic screening.
(3)
Abortion is murder.
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other members in the family have the right to know about genetic disorder of
child.
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
False positives and negatives may arise, which results in abortion of healthy baby.
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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8 The photograph below shows two germinating pea seeds.

Magnification ×1
Germinating peas contain an enzyme that breaks down starch.

The effect of temperature on the activity of this enzyme was investigated.
The rate of decrease in the mass of starch in germinating peas was measured at six

temperatures.
The graph below shows the results of this investigation.
35
Rate of decrease in mass / mg min−1
30
25
20
15
10
5

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Temperature / °C
20
*P55417A02024*
(a) Using the information in the graph, describe the relationship between the activity
of this enzyme and temperature.
(3)
The enzyme works best at 40°C.

Temperature of over 10°C and below 40°C increases activity of the enzyme.
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Activity of enzyme decreases after 40°C.

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Explain why increasing the temperature above 40 °C causes a change in the rate
of decrease in the mass of starch.
(3)
The enzyme works best at 40°C.
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Increase in temperature above 40°C denatures the enzyme, so its tertiary structure is
changed, so
................................ . . . . . . . . active
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . site
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .of
. . . . . . . . .enzyme is not complementary to starch, so they can’t
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . form
........................
enzyme-substrate complex, so no enzyme available to catalyse starch, so rate of

decrease in mass of starch decreases.
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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21
(c) Describe an experiment that could be carried out to confirm the results of
this investigation.
(4)

Prepare 5 test tubes of 30cm^3 of the enzyme breaking down starch.
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prepare 5 test tubes of 30cm^3 of starch solution containing 10g of starch.

Set water baths of 10°C,20°C,30°C,40°C,50°C,60°C.
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pour 1 test tube of starch solution into 1 test tube of 30cm^3 of the enzyme breaking
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down starch and put it into water bath of 10°C immediately.
Repeat this
................................ . . . . . . . . . .step
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .for
. . . . . . . . . . . .the
. . . . . . . . . . . . .other test tubes.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .....................................
Record temperature of baths after 15minutes.

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take out the test tubes and record mass of starch in them.
Repeat the experiment.
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS
22
*P55417A02224*

October 2018 (IAL) QP - Unit 1 Edexcel Biology A-Level 56 - 13

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Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information

Candidate surname Other names

Pearson Edexcel Centre Number Candidate Number

Monday 8 October 2018

You must have: Total Marks

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1 There is a variety of organic molecules in living organisms.

(ii) Glycogen can be converted to glucose.

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Water is a solvent, and water is polar, so polar molecules dissolve in it.

Water is cohesive, so polar molecules are stuck to water molecules.

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(Total for Question 1 = 9 marks)

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(b) Put a cross ( ) in the box to complete the following statement.

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Death rate from CVD

To standardise the number of deaths since there are different population

numbers in different countries.

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diet and exercised more.

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(Total for Question 2 = 11 marks)

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Marfan syndrome affects 1 in 4 000 people. This syndrome is caused by a gene

A gene is a sequence of bases, where there is a change in the bases

(ii) Dominant allele

Allele is another version of a gene where characteristics are

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expressed even when it is heterozygous.

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phenotype Marfarin healthy

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(Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)

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Both DNA and RNA

(ii) Put a cross ( ) in the box to complete the following statement.

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polymerase. DNA ligase forms phosphodiester bonds between RNA mononucleotides,

Protein synthesis is the production of proteins by transcription and translation.

mRNA reaches ribosome. tRNA carries amino acids to mRNA.

Process continues to form a polypeptide which becomes a protein.

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