Combinepdf
Combinepdf
Combinepdf
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•• IfFillpencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer all questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 50.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas,
descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar,
punctuation and spelling.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
•• Show all your working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end. Turn over
P73458A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.
N:1/1/1/
*P73458A0116*
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1 A student investigated two aqueous solutions, labelled P and Q.
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Both solutions were green. Each solution contained one cation and one anion.
(a) Tests were carried out on solution P.
Complete the table.
further change
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(b) State why, in the silver nitrate test on P, the nitric acid was not needed in
this case. Justify your answer by considering the role of nitric acid in the
silver nitrate test.
(2)
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*P73458A0216*
(c) The student carried out tests on Q and inferred that it was a solution of
iron(II) sulfate.
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(ii) Describe a test, and its positive result, that the student could have carried out
to show the presence of sulfate ions.
(2)
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(d) Identify, by name or formula, a metal cation, other than chromium(III) and iron(II),
which could give a green colour in an aqueous solution.
(1)
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3
*P73458A0316* Turn over
2 Two organic compounds, X and Y, are colourless liquids.
Each compound contains only one functional group.
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(a) A few drops of deionised water are added to a beaker containing X.
Misty fumes are formed.
A drop of concentrated ammonia on the tip of a glass rod is placed in the
misty fumes. White smoke is formed.
(i) Deduce the functional group in X.
Justify your answer by referring to the observations.
(3)
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(ii) State the precaution that you would take to minimise the risk of carrying out
this test on the misty fumes.
Assume gloves, safety goggles and laboratory coat are worn.
(1)
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4
*P73458A0416*
(c) The mass spectrum of Y is shown.
100
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80
60
Relative
intensity
40
20
0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
m/z
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*P73458A0516* Turn over
(d) Both X and Y can be used to produce esters.
(i) Name the compound that would react with both X and Y to form ethyl esters.
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(1)
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(e) Both X and Y react with concentrated ammonia but form different products.
Identify these products, by name or formula.
(2)
Product with X
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Product with Y
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6
*P73458A0616*
3 This question is about an experiment to investigate the kinetics of the reaction
between iodine and propanone with an acid catalyst.
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To obtain the order of reaction with respect to iodine, the concentration of iodine in
the reaction mixture was determined at various times.
Procedure
Step 1 Mix 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm−3 sulfuric acid with
25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm−3 propanone in a beaker.
Step 2 Start a clock as 50 cm3 of 0.020 mol dm−3 iodine solution is added to
the beaker. Mix the reactants thoroughly.
Step 3 Tip a spatula measure of sodium hydrogencarbonate into a
conical flask. After 3 minutes, pipette a 10.0 cm3 sample of the
reaction mixture into the conical flask and mix thoroughly.
Step 4 Titrate the iodine in the sample with
0.010 mol dm−3 sodium thiosulfate solution using a suitable indicator.
Record the titre.
Step 5 Repeat Steps 3 and 4 every 3 minutes to obtain four more titres.
(a) State why the sulfuric acid and propanone concentrations are both much larger
than the iodine concentration.
(1)
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(c) Name the indicator that would be used for the titration in Step 4, stating the
colour change that would be seen at the end‑point of the reaction.
(2)
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*P73458A0716* Turn over
(d) Titration results from the experiment are shown.
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Time / minutes 3 6 9 12 15
8
*P73458A0816*
(ii) State why the volume of thiosulfate may be used for plotting the graph rather
than the concentration of iodine.
(1)
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*P73458A0916* Turn over
(e) Further experiments were carried out to determine the reaction orders with
respect to propanone and sulfuric acid.
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(i) A graph of the concentration of propanone against time is shown.
0.20
0.15
Concentration
of propanone
/ mol dm–3
0.10
0.05
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time / s
10
*P73458A01016*
The reaction is first order with respect to propanone.
Determine two half‑lives for this reaction.
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Second half‑life
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(ii) A graph of the reaction rate against the concentration of sulfuric acid
is shown.
Rate
Concentration of acid
Deduce the rate equation for the overall reaction of iodine and propanone
with an acid catalyst.
Use your answer from (d)(iii) and information from (e)(i) and the graph
in (e)(ii).
(1)
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*P73458A01116* Turn over
4 A group of students prepared methyl 3‑nitrobenzoate by the nitration of
methyl benzoate.
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CH3 CH3
O O O O
C C
+ HNO3 + H2O
NO2
Procedure
Step 1 Measure 9 cm3 of concentrated sulfuric acid into a small, dry conical flask.
Label the flask A and place it in an ice bath.
Step 2 Add 4.0 cm3 of methyl benzoate to flask A.
Gently swirl the flask.
Step 3 Mix 3 cm3 of concentrated nitric acid and 3 cm3 of
concentrated sulfuric acid in a test tube to form the nitrating mixture.
Place this test tube in the ice bath.
Step 4 Place a thermometer in flask A. Add the nitrating mixture very slowly to
flask A using a dropping pipette.
Take care to ensure that the temperature of the flask contents
does not rise above 15 °C.
Step 5 Remove flask A from the ice bath and allow it to stand at room temperature
for about 10 minutes.
Pour the reaction mixture into a small beaker containing crushed ice.
Stir the contents of the beaker with a glass rod.
Step 6 Allow the ice to melt. Separate the solid methyl 3‑nitrobenzoate by
suction filtration. Wash the solid with a small amount of
deionised water and then with a little ice‑cold ethanol.
Step 7 Recrystallise the methyl 3‑nitrobenzoate using ethanol as the solvent.
Step 8 Determine the melting temperature of the purified crystals of
methyl 3‑nitrobenzoate.
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12
*P73458A01216*
(b) Side products form if the temperature rises above 15 °C in Step 4.
Give the structure of one side product that may form.
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(1)
(c) One student drew the suction filtration apparatus in Step 6 as shown.
flask
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13
*P73458A01316* Turn over
(d) Describe the stages in the recrystallisation of methyl 3‑nitrobenzoate in Step 7,
stating which stages are required to remove the insoluble and soluble impurities.
Only outline details of the method are required.
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(4)
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(e) The crystals must be dried before the melting temperature can be determined.
Methyl 3‑nitrobenzoate cannot be dried by the addition of a solid drying agent
such as anhydrous calcium chloride.
(i) Suggest why the addition of a solid drying agent is not suitable to dry
methyl 3‑nitrobenzoate.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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14
*P73458A01416*
(f ) The mass of dry methyl 3‑nitrobenzoate crystals prepared by one of the students
was 3.05 g.
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(3)
(g) The melting temperature range of methyl 3‑nitrobenzoate is given in a data book
as 78–80 °C.
Suggest a melting temperature range for a sample of the
methyl 3‑nitrobenzoate before recrystallisation. Justify your answer.
(2)
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15
*P73458A01516*
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*P73458A01616*
16
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
• Fill in theis boxes
If pencil used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• centre number andat candidate
the top of this page with your name,
number.
• Answer all questions.
• – there may questions
Answer the in the spaces provided
be more space than you need.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 50.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas,
descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar,
punctuation and spelling.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Show all your working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
• Try to answer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Check
Turn over
*P71889A0116*
P71889A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.
J:1/1/1/1/1/
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
(a) Give the formulae of three cations which could be responsible for the
green colour.
(2)
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(b) A student added dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide, drop by drop, to samples of
each solution.
Initially a green precipitate formed in both solutions.
More aqueous sodium hydroxide was added until the sodium hydroxide was
present in excess.
The precipitate produced from solution A was insoluble and turned brown
on standing.
The precipitate produced from solution B dissolved to give a
dark green solution C.
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(ii) Give the formula of the species responsible for the dark green colour in
solution C.
(1)
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(c) The student added hydrogen peroxide solution to C and warmed the mixture,
which turned yellow. The yellow solution was boiled to remove excess
hydrogen peroxide, cooled and then pure ethanoic acid was added, drop by drop.
The yellow solution gradually turned orange.
(i) State the type of reaction involved when the dark green solution
turned yellow.
(1)
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(ii) Identify, by name or formula, the ion responsible for the final orange colour of
the solution.
(1)
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2
*P71889A0216*
(iii) Pure ethanoic acid is corrosive.
Identify the appropriate control measure to reduce the risk associated with
this hazard.
Assume the student carried out the addition in a fume cupboard, wearing
safety glasses and a lab coat.
(1)
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3
*P71889A0316* Turn over
(d) The student attempted to identify the anion present in the green solution A.
The student added dilute nitric acid and a few drops of aqueous silver nitrate to
about 2 cm3 of solution A.
A pale precipitate formed, which the student thought might be white or
cream coloured.
(i) Identify, by name or formula, two anions which might give this precipitate.
(1)
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(ii) The precipitate formed in (d)(i) was separated from the mixture and
aqueous ammonia was added.
Describe how this test allows the student to distinguish between the
two anions.
(2)
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(iii) Explain why, with solution A, the precipitate must be separated before adding
aqueous ammonia.
(2)
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4
*P71889A0416*
2 The reaction between the tertiary halogenoalkane 2‑chloro‑2‑methylpropane and
hydroxide ions to form 2‑methylpropan‑2‑ol is shown.
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(ii) Explain the effect on the volume of hydrochloric acid required if the titration
was not carried out immediately after Step 4.
(2)
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5
*P71889A0516* Turn over
(iii) Explain how the use of aqueous ethanol in the reaction mixture allows the
reaction in Step 3 to proceed at a relatively fast rate.
A description of the forces involved is not required.
(2)
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(b) An experiment was carried out using this procedure. The results are shown.
Volume of HCl / cm3 24.5 22.0 18.5 15.5 11.0 7.0 5.0
Volume of
HCl / cm3
Time / s
6
*P71889A0616*
(ii) Determine two successive half‑lives for the reaction.
You must show your working on the graph.
(2)
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7
*P71889A0716* Turn over
3 Moss in lawns can be treated with ‘lawn sand’, a mixture that contains sand and a
double salt, ammonium iron(II) sulfate, (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O.
The percentage by mass of Fe2+ in the mixture can be found by titration with a
solution of potassium manganate(VII) of known concentration.
Procedure
4.50 g of lawn sand was accurately weighed in a 250 cm3 conical flask.
The sample was shaken with 50 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid (an excess).
The resulting mixture was titrated with potassium manganate(VII) solution of
concentration 0.0200 mol dm–3.
The titration volume was 40.35 cm3.
(a) (i) State what would happen in the titration if the mixture was not acidified.
(1)
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(ii) Neither hydrochloric acid nor nitric acid can be used to acidify the
titration mixture.
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8
*P71889A0816*
(b) The ionic half‑equations for the reactions of the iron(II) ions and the
manganate(VII) ions are shown.
Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e–
9
*P71889A0916* Turn over
(c) The titration is carried out using the apparatus shown.
burette containing
potassium manganate(VII)
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10
*P71889A01016*
BLANK PAGE
11
*P71889A01116* Turn over
4 The compound 2‑ethanoylaminobenzoic acid can be prepared by the reaction of
2‑aminobenzoic acid and ethanoyl chloride.
O O
C heat under C
OH reflux OH
+ CH3COCl + HCl
NH2 NHCOCH3
Procedure
Step 1 Add 5.00 g of 2‑aminobenzoic acid and a few anti‑bumping granules to a
dry 100 cm3 pear‑shaped flask and fit a reflux condenser.
Step 2 Add 10 cm3 of ethanoyl chloride (an excess) by pouring it slowly down
the condenser.
Step 3 Gradually bring the mixture to boil and heat under reflux for 15 minutes.
Step 4 Allow the mixture to cool and slowly add 10 cm3 of water down
the condenser.
Step 5 Heat the solution slowly until boiling.
Step 6 Allow the solution to cool to room temperature.
Step 7 Collect the crystals of 2‑ethanoylaminobenzoic acid by filtration under
reduced pressure.
Step 8 Recrystallise the impure product from a mixture containing equal volumes of
ethanoic acid and water.
(a) Give two reasons why it is often necessary to heat a reaction under reflux as in
Step 3.
(2)
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12
*P71889A01216*
(b) Explain why, in Step 4, water is added slowly to the cooled solution.
(2)
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13
*P71889A01316* Turn over
(d) The melting temperature may be used to confirm the identity of the crystals.
(i) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus you would use to measure the
melting temperature.
(2)
(ii) State how this melting temperature determination would show that a
pure sample of 2‑ethanoylaminobenzoic acid had been prepared.
(2)
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14
*P71889A01416*
(e) Show by calculation that, in the preparation, 10 cm3 of ethanoyl chloride is an
excess compared to 5.00 g of 2‑aminobenzoic acid.
Data
Molar mass / g mol–1 CH3COCl = 78.5 C6H4(NH2)COOH = 137
Density / g cm–3 CH3COCl = 1.1
(2)
(f ) A student carried out the preparation using the amounts of reagents given in (e)
and obtained a yield of 56.7 % of 2‑ethanoylaminobenzoic acid.
Calculate the mass of 2‑ethanoylaminobenzoic acid obtained.
(3)
15
*P71889A01516*
16
*P71889A01616*
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
• centrethe
Fill in boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 50.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas,
descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar,
punctuation and spelling.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Show all your working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
*P71944A0120*
P71944A
©2022 Pearson Education Ltd.
B:1/1/1/
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1 (a) Compound X is a solid that contains a cobalt cation and one type of anion.
A small amount of X is added to deionised water and the mixture stirred until the
solid dissolves.
Tests are carried out on separate samples of the solution of X.
Complete the table.
(i) Note the A pink solution The formula of the complex (1)
appearance ion formed is
............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Add acidified A white precipitate forms The formula of the anion in (1)
barium chloride X is
solution
............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .......................................................................
. . . . . . . . . .......................................................................
(iv) Add a small A blue precipitate forms The type of reaction (1)
amount of that takes place with the
dilute aqueous complex ion during this
ammonia precipitation is
............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
formed in (iv),
until no further . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................
change is seen
. . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................
2
*P71944A0220*
(b) Another cobalt salt, CoCl2.xH2O(s), decomposes when heated.
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3
*P71944A0320* Turn over
2 A plant fertiliser contains a mixture of sand and ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4 .
The percentage by mass of ammonium sulfate in the fertiliser is determined by the
procedure shown.
Procedure
.75 g of the plant fertiliser is added to a conical flask containing 20.0 cm3 of
Step 1 5
sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 1.00 mol dm–3.
Ammonia is formed in the reaction.
Step 2 T he flask is heated for several minutes, to ensure that all the ammonia formed
is boiled off.
Step 3 The solution containing excess sodium hydroxide is separated from the sand.
Step 4 T he aqueous solution containing the excess sodium hydroxide is then made
up to 250.0 cm3 using deionised water.
5.0 cm3 samples of solution containing sodium hydroxide from Step 4 are
Step 5 2
titrated with hydrochloric acid of concentration = 0.0500 mol dm–3.
(a) Describe how all the solution containing excess sodium hydroxide is separated
from the sand in Step 3.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Describe how to make the 250.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution in Step 4.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
*P71944A0420*
(c) The mean titre was 12.75 cm3.
Calculate the percentage by mass of ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4 , in the sample
of plant fertiliser.
[Relative formula mass of (NH4)2SO4 = 132.1]
(5)
5
*P71944A0520* Turn over
(d) A student carrying out the experiment did not heat the sample for long enough
in Step 2 to boil off all the ammonia.
(i) Explain the effect, if any, on the titre value and hence on the calculated
percentage of ammonium sulfate in the fertiliser.
(3)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) State how the student could have confirmed that all the ammonia was boiled
off in Step 2.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
*P71944A0620*
3 The ester ethyl butanoate is found in mangoes.
O
ethyl butanoate
(2)
7
*P71944A0720* Turn over
(b) Explain why it is important from time to time in Step 4 either to invert the
separating funnel and open the tap, or to remove its stopper.
Include an equation to justify your answer. State symbols are not required.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) A student set up a separating funnel in Step 5 as shown and opened the tap to
remove the lower layer.
Explain what happens.
Assume that the funnel is supported by suitable clamps.
stopper
organic layer
aqueous layer
tap
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
*P71944A0820*
(d) Drying agents are used to remove traces of water from an organic liquid.
(i) Identify, by name or formula, a suitable drying agent for use in Step 5.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) State how a student would decide whether or not more drying agent was
needed in Step 5.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Name the technique used to obtain a pure sample of the dry organic liquid
in Step 6.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
*P71944A0920* Turn over
(e) The high resolution proton NMR spectrum of ethyl butanoate is shown.
1
H nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS)
10
*P71944A01020*
(i) Explain the peaks in the NMR spectrum between 2.2 and 2.4 ppm.
CH3CH2CH2C OCH2CH3
ethyl butanoate
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Predict how the high resolution proton NMR spectrum of ethyl propanoate
will differ from that of ethyl butanoate in terms of the number of peaks and
their splitting patterns.
CH3CH2C OCH2CH3
ethyl propanoate
(3)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
*P71944A01120* Turn over
BLANK PAGE
12
*P71944A01220*
4 Ethyl butanoate reacts with water.
(a) Name the apparatus which is most suitable to remove the samples from the
reaction mixture.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
*P71944A01320* Turn over
(b) A graph of the results obtained by the student is shown.
The student plotted Vfinal – Vt on the y‑axis against time on the x‑axis.
Vfinal is the volume of the titre at 4.5 hours.
Vt is the volume of the titre at time t.
50
40
30
Vfinal – Vt
/ cm3
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time / hours
(i) Give a reason why Vfinal – Vt is plotted on the y‑axis of the graph, rather than
the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution for each titre.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
*P71944A01420*
(ii) Explain how the data collected indicates first order kinetics.
Show your working on the graph.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) The student concluded that the reaction is first order overall.
Explain whether or not this statement is valid.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
*P71944A01520* Turn over
(c) The student suggested placing ice in the conical flask before carrying out
each titration.
Explain whether or not this suggestion would improve the validity of the
data collected.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
*P71944A01620*
BLANK PAGE
17
*P71944A01720*
BLANK PAGE
18
*P71944A01820*
BLANK PAGE
19
*P71944A01920*
20
*P71944A02020*
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
• centrethe
Fill in boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 50.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas,
descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar,
punctuation and spelling.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Show all your working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
*P71874A0116*
P71874A
©2022 Pearson Education Ltd.
Q:1/1/1/1/1/
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Result
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) (i) Identify, by name or formula, the gas given off when B is warmed with
aqueous sodium hydroxide.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
*P71874A0216*
2 A student is asked to identify three colourless liquids labelled C, D and E.
The compounds are all non‑cyclic isomers with the formula C5H10O.
(a) (i) The student carries out three tests on separate samples of each compound.
Complete Table 1 to show the observations that the student makes.
(3)
2,4‑dinitro Fehling’s or
I2(aq) and NaOH(aq)
Sample phenylhydrazine Benedict's solution Functional group
and warm
(Brady’s reagent) and warm
Table 1
(ii) Identify, by name or formula, the pale yellow precipitate that forms when
iodine and sodium hydroxide are added to a sample of D.
(1)
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3
*P71874A0316* Turn over
(b) (i) The orange precipitates produced on the addition of Brady’s reagent to
samples of C and E are called derivatives.
The melting temperatures of derivatives are used to confirm the identity
of compounds.
Solids are recrystallised so that their melting temperatures may be
determined accurately.
Describe in outline the procedure for the recrystallisation of a solid.
(4)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
*P71874A0416*
(ii) The melting temperatures of the derivatives of the reaction of Brady’s reagent
with some aldehydes and ketones are shown.
3‑methylbutanal 123
2‑ethylbutanal 134
pentan‑2‑one 144
cyclopentanone 146
pentan‑3‑one 156
Table 2
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
*P71874A0516* Turn over
(c) The high resolution proton NMR spectrum of E is shown.
P Q
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
δ / ppm
The relative numbers of protons responsible for the singlet peaks shown are P = 1
and Q = 9.
Use this information and the results of the tests in (a) to draw the displayed
formula of E, labelling the proton environments.
(2)
6
*P71874A0616*
3 Brass is an alloy of copper. The percentage by mass of copper in a sample of brass can
be determined by a three-stage process.
Stage 1 O
xidation of the copper to copper(II) ions with excess
concentrated nitric acid.
Stage 2 Reduction of the copper(II) ions to copper(I) ions with excess iodide ions.
Stage 3 T itration of the iodine produced in Stage 2 against a standard solution of
sodium thiosulfate.
(a) In Stage 1, 2.53 g of brass is carefully warmed with 25 cm3 concentrated nitric acid
in a 250 cm3 beaker.
The equation for the oxidation of copper metal by nitric acid is shown.
(i) State two hazards in this experiment, giving the precautions you would take
to minimise the risk associated with each hazard.
Assume safety spectacles and a laboratory coat are worn.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
*P71874A0716* Turn over
(iii) Excess nitric acid must be neutralised before the iodide ions are added
in Stage 2.
Sodium carbonate solution is slowly added to the cooled solution.
The solution is neutralised when a faint precipitate appears.
Suggest why the solution is cooled before the addition of the
sodium carbonate solution.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iv) Ethanoic acid solution is added, drop by drop, to the neutralised mixture until
the precipitate redissolves.
Describe how the solution in the beaker should then be made into 250.0 cm3
of a homogeneous solution before Stage 2.
(3)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
*P71874A0816*
(b) In Stage 2, 25.0 cm3 portions of the solution from Stage 1 are transferred into
conical flasks.
10 cm3 of a solution of potassium iodide is added to each flask and the mixtures
are swirled. Copper(I) iodide is precipitated.
The redox equation for the reaction between copper(II) ions and iodide ions
is shown.
(i) Use the electrode potential data to explain why the redox reaction might not
be expected to be feasible.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Explain why the redox reaction does, in fact, take place.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
*P71874A0916* Turn over
(c) The procedure in Stage 3 is shown:
• the iodine produced in each flask from Stage 2 is titrated with 0.095 mol dm–3
sodium thiosulfate solution until the iodine colour is pale yellow
• a few drops of starch indicator are added
• sodium thiosulfate is added drop by drop with swirling until the end‑point
is reached
• the titration is repeated until two concordant titres are obtained.
(i) Give a possible reason why the starch indicator is added when the iodine
colour is pale yellow rather than at the start of the titration.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
*P71874A01016*
(iii) The results of the titration are shown.
Titration number 1 2 3
Complete the table and calculate the mean titre of the concordant results.
(1)
(iv) The redox equation for the reaction between copper(II) ions and iodide ions
is shown.
11
*P71874A01116* Turn over
(v) Nitric acid reacts with iodide ions to form iodine.
In another experiment the nitric acid was not neutralised before the start
of Stage 2.
Explain the effect on the value obtained for the percentage of copper in
the sample.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
*P71874A01216*
4 Limonene is a liquid hydrocarbon which has a boiling temperature of 176 °C and a
density of 0.851 g cm3.
It can be obtained from orange peel using steam distillation.
The distillation apparatus is shown.
vent to sink
water
HEAT HEAT
(a) (i) Label the diagram to show the direction of the water flow in the condenser.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
*P71874A01316* Turn over
(iii) The distillate may be collected in a pear‑shaped flask.
Complete a labelled diagram showing the distillate.
You should show clearly the limonene layer.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
*P71874A01416*
(iii) A student obtained 1.20 cm3 of limonene.
Calculate the amount, in moles, of limonene produced.
(3)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Draw the structure of the organic product which might be expected when
excess acidified potassium manganate(VII) reacts with limonene.
(1)
15
*P71874A01516*
BLANK PAGE
16
*P71874A01616*
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
• centrethe
Fill in boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 50.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas,
descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar,
punctuation and spelling.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Show all your working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
*P70957A0120*
P70957A
©2022 Pearson Education Ltd.
Q:1/1/1/
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Cr(s)
dilute
HCl(aq)
blue solution A
stand in air
dilute
NH3(aq)
green solution grey-green precipitate B
excess NaOH(aq)
H2SO4(aq)
yellow solution solution E
2
*P70957A0220*
(a) Give the formula of a complex ion of chromium present in solution A.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
*P70957A0320* Turn over
BLANK PAGE
4
*P70957A0420*
2 This question is about the identification of three organic compounds, X, Y and Z.
A molecule of each compound has only one type of functional group.
Each compound contains six carbon atoms and two oxygen atoms.
In the mass spectrum of X, the molecular ion peak is at m / z = 114.
(a) State the molecular formula of X.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
*P70957A0520* Turn over
(c) The high resolution proton NMR spectrum of X contains only two singlets with
relative peak areas of 3 : 2.
Draw the structure of X, identifying the two proton environments.
(2)
6
*P70957A0620*
(d) The molecular formula of Y is C6H12O2 .
(i) When aqueous sodium carbonate is added to Y, effervescence is observed.
Identify, by name or formula, the functional group present in Y.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Structure 1 Structure 2
(iii) Explain how the low resolution proton NMR spectrum of Y would confirm
which of your structures in (d)(ii) is correct.
Chemical shifts are not required.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
*P70957A0720* Turn over
(e) The molecular formula of Z is C6H12O2 .
The infrared spectrum of Z is shown.
100
Transmittance / %
50
0
4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500
–1
Wavenumber / cm
C H stretching vibrations
Alkane 2962–2853
Alkene 3095–3010
O H stretching vibrations
Alcohols 3750–3200
C O stretching vibrations
Aldehydes 1740–1720
Ketones 1720–1700
Esters 1750–1735
8
*P70957A0820*
(i) Z has a fruity smell.
Deduce the identity of the functional group present in Z, using all the
information given.
Include any relevant wavenumber ranges in your answer.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) The high resolution proton NMR spectrum of Z contains four peaks
(J, K, L and M). Peak J has the highest chemical shift, showing that this proton
environment is close to an electronegative atom.
Peak J K L M
9
*P70957A0920* Turn over
3 A student investigated the kinetics of the reaction between bromide ions, Br –, and
bromate(V) ions, BrO3–, in aqueous acid.
To determine the rate equation for the reaction, the student varied the concentration
of bromide ions, bromate(V) ions and acid in turn.
The effect of the concentration of bromide ions was investigated first.
Procedure
Step 1 Add 10.0 cm3 of 0.0050 mol dm–3 potassium bromate(V),
15.0 cm3 of acidified methyl orange indicator solution and
5.0 cm3 of 0.00010 mol dm–3 aqueous phenol to a beaker labelled P.
Step 2 Prepare the contents of beaker Q for Run 1 as specified in the table.
Step 3 Pour the contents of beaker Q into beaker P and start a timer.
Pour the contents of beaker P back into beaker Q and place beaker Q on a
white tile.
Step 4 Stop the timer as soon as the mixture turns colourless.
Record the time, along with the temperature of the solution.
Step 5 Repeat Steps 1 to 4 for the remaining runs.
Contents of beaker Q
Run Volume of 0.01 mol dm–3 KBr / cm3 Volume of H2O / cm3
1 10.0 0
2 8.0 2.0
3 6.0 4.0
4 5.0 5.0
5 4.0 6.0
6 3.0 7.0
10
*P70957A01020*
(a) Give one reason why the contents of beaker P are poured back into beaker Q
in Step 3.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Give the colour of the reaction mixture before it turns colourless.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
*P70957A01120* Turn over
(c) The student’s results are shown.
Time, t / s 23 24 32 39 48 64
Temperature / °C 18 22 22 22 22 22
0
0
12
*P70957A01220*
(iii) State why the volume of KBr is proportional to the concentration of
bromide ions in the reaction mixture.
(1)
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(iv) State the order of reaction with respect to bromide ions, using your graph.
(1)
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(d) After investigating the effect on the rate of the concentration of bromate(V) ions
and the concentration of hydrogen ions, the student obtained the graphs shown.
1/t 1/t
[BrO3– ] [H+]2
Deduce the rate equation for the reaction, using these data and your
answer to (c)(iv).
(1)
13
*P70957A01320* Turn over
4 This question is about the preparation of phenylamine by the reduction
of nitrobenzene.
NO2 NH2
+ 6[H] → + 2H2O
nitrobenzene phenylamine
Outline procedure
Step 1 Add 2.1 cm3 of nitrobenzene, 5 g of granulated tin and 10 cm3 of
concentrated hydrochloric acid to a round‑bottomed flask.
Step 2 Add a few anti‑bumping granules to the flask and heat the contents under
reflux for 15 minutes. Leave to cool.
Step 3 Dissolve 7.5 g of sodium hydroxide in 10 cm3 of distilled water and add to the
flask. An initial precipitate forms before redissolving.
Step 4 Add 15 cm3 of distilled water to the flask and steam distil the contents,
collecting the cloudy distillate in a conical flask.
Step 5 Add 3 g of powdered sodium chloride to the distillate and swirl to dissolve,
before transferring the contents to a separating funnel.
Add 8 cm3 of ether to the funnel and shake, occasionally relieving the
pressure. Allow the layers to separate.
Step 6 Discard the aqueous layer before transferring the ether layer to a clean flask
containing a few pellets of potassium hydroxide.
Step 7 Decant the contents of the flask from Step 6 into a pear‑shaped flask and
distil off all the ether.
Step 8 Distil the remaining contents of the pear‑shaped flask, collecting the fraction
boiling between 180 °C and 185 °C.
Some data relating to the organic chemicals involved in the preparation are shown.
Toxic by inhalation
Nitrobenzene 123.0 1.20 211
and skin absorption
Toxic by inhalation
Phenylamine 93.0 1.03 184
and skin absorption
14
*P70957A01420*
(a) Give two reasons why gloves should be worn in Step 1.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Suggest, by name or formula, the identity of the initial precipitate formed
in Step 3.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
*P70957A01520* Turn over
(e) (i) Draw a labelled diagram of the separating funnel at the end of Step 5.
(2)
(ii) State how you would relieve the pressure in the separating funnel in Step 5.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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16
*P70957A01620*
(g) State how the mixture would be heated to distil off the ether in Step 7.
Justify your answer.
(2)
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18
*P70957A01820*
BLANK PAGE
19
*P70957A01920*
20
*P70957A02020*
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all your working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 50.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas,
descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar,
punctuation and spelling.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
• Good luck with your examination.
Turn over
*P64628A0116*
P64628A
©2021 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1/1
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1 This question is about compounds containing the ammonium ion, NH+4 .
(a) Ammonium vanadate(V), NH4VO3 , is a white solid.
(i) When excess dilute sulfuric acid is added to an aqueous solution of NH4VO3 ,
the VO−3 ion is converted into the VO+2 ion.
Write the ionic equation for the conversion of VO−3 to VO+2 on the addition of
dilute sulfuric acid. State symbols are not required.
(1)
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Suggested
VO+2 V3+ VO2+ V3+ V2+
vanadium species
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
*P64628A0216*
(iv) When the mixture obtained at the end of the sequence in (a)(iii) is filtered,
the filtrate changes colour from violet to green on standing. No further
changes occur.
Suggest an explanation for these observations.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(ii) State how the colour of solution T would change on the addition of excess
concentrated hydrochloric acid.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
*P64628A0316* Turn over
(c) A white solid with a slight vinegar-like smell contains ammonium ions, NH+4 , and
an anion represented by Y− .
The smell of vinegar intensifies on the addition of a few drops of concentrated
sulfuric acid to an aqueous solution of NH4Y .
On subsequent addition of a few drops of ethanol and heating the mixture, the
smell of vinegar is replaced by a sweet and fruity smell.
Explain how all this information can be used to identify the anion Y−.
(3)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
*P64628A0416*
2 This question concerns the laboratory preparation of
tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate-1-water, Cu(NH3)4SO4.H2O.
Procedure
Step 1 Weigh between 2.1 g and 2.3 g of hydrated copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4.5H2O, in a
boiling tube. Add 8 cm3 of distilled water and place the boiling tube in a
hot water bath. Stir the mixture until the crystals have dissolved.
Step 2 Working in a fume cupboard, slowly pour 5 cm3 of concentrated aqueous ammonia
into the boiling tube. Stir until a clear solution is obtained.
Step 3 Measure 12 cm3 of ethanol into a 100 cm3 conical flask and add the contents of
the boiling tube from Step 2. Stopper the flask and swirl the contents before
placing the flask in an ice bath. Allow the mixture to stand until crystals of
Cu(NH3)4SO4.H2O have formed.
Step 4 Filter the crystals obtained in Step 3 under reduced pressure, using a
Buchner funnel and flask.
Step 5 Pour 5 cm3 of cold ethanol over the crystals in the funnel.
Step 6 Using a spatula, transfer the crystals to a filter paper on a watch glass. Press a
second piece of filter paper on the crystals, to dry them as much as possible.
Step 7 Transfer the crystals to a dry, pre-weighed sample bottle and reweigh.
(a) Give a reason why a measuring cylinder is more suitable than a graduated pipette
for measuring the distilled water in Step 1.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Give the reason why Step 2 should be carried out in a fume cupboard.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
*P64628A0516* Turn over
(d) Give the reason why the addition of ethanol in Step 3 results in the precipitation
of crystals of Cu(NH3)4SO4.H2O.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(e) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to filter the crystals under
reduced pressure in Step 4.
(3)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
*P64628A0616*
(g) Starting with 2.17 g of CuSO4 5H2O and using excess ammonia, a student obtained
2.54 g of product.
(i) Calculate the apparent percentage yield of Cu(NH3)4SO4.H2O.
Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
(3)
(ii) Suggest a reason why the apparent percentage yield in this preparation is
often greater than 100 %.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
*P64628A0716* Turn over
3 This question is about the identification of six organic compounds.
O
O
OH
OH
O
A B
O
O
O
C D
O O
OH
HO
O
O F
E
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) the most peaks in its low resolution proton NMR spectrum.
(1)
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(iii) three peaks with relative peak area 3:2:3 in its low resolution
proton NMR spectrum.
(1)
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(iv) one triplet and one quartet as the only peaks in its high resolution
proton NMR spectrum.
(1)
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8
*P64628A0816*
(b) For each of the following pairs, give one chemical test, not including indicators,
that could be used to distinguish the compounds.
Identify the reagents and give the results of each test.
(i) A and B
O
O
OH
OH
O
A B
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) C and D
O
O
O
C D
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
*P64628A0916* Turn over
(c) Liquids boil at the temperature at which their vapour pressure is equal to
atmospheric pressure.
The apparatus shown below was used to determine the boiling temperature
of compound A, which is a liquid at room temperature and pressure and has a
boiling temperature in the range 120 °C to 180 °C.
thermometer
capillary tube
compound A
Thiele tube
mineral oil
Bunsen burner
Procedure
Step 1 Place a capillary tube, sealed at one end and with the open end facing down,
into 0.5 cm3 of compound A in a micro test tube. Attach the micro test tube to
a thermometer with a rubber band.
Step 2 Clamp the micro test tube and thermometer in the mineral oil, making sure
neither test tube nor thermometer bulb is in contact with the glass walls of
the Thiele tube.
Step 3 Move a small Bunsen flame back and forth along the lower part of the
side-arm of the Thiele tube. An initial stream of bubbles will come from the
open end of the capillary tube.
Step 4 Continue heating until a rapid and continuous stream of bubbles comes
from the capillary tube. Stop heating and record the temperature as soon as
compound A is drawn up into the capillary tube.
10
*P64628A01016*
(i) State what causes the initial stream of bubbles from the capillary tube in Step 3.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Suggest why the side-arm of the Thiele tube is heated, rather than point X on
the diagram.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Suggest why mineral oil, and not water, is used in the Thiele tube when
determining the boiling temperature of compound A.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iv) Suggest why the results obtained when using this apparatus on different days
may not be the same, even when no mistakes are made in carrying out
the experiment.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
*P64628A01116* Turn over
(d) One of the compounds A, B, C, D, E or F was analysed.
To determine its empirical formula, 1.57 g of the compound was burned
completely and the combustion products passed through the apparatus shown.
solid N
solid M
Solid N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................................................................................
12
*P64628A01216*
(ii) Calculate the empirical formula of the compound, using the data given.
You must show your working.
(4)
13
*P64628A01316* Turn over
(iii) The mass spectrum of the compound is shown.
100
80
60
Relative
intensity
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
m/z
Deduce the relative molecular mass of the compound, using the mass spectrum.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iv) Deduce the molecular formula of the compound, using your answers to
(d)(ii) and (d)(iii).
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
*P64628A01416*
(v) Determine the identity of the compound, using your answer to (d)(iv) and the
fragmentation pattern of the mass spectrum.
Justify your answer.
(2)
O
O
OH
OH
O
A B
O
O
O
C D
O O
OH
HO
O
O F
E
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
*P64628A01516*
16
*P64628A01616*
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
Chemistry
International Advanced Level
Unit 6: Practical Skills in Chemistry II
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centrethe
Fill in boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all your working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 50.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas,
descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar,
punctuation and spelling.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
*P67820A0116*
P67820A
©2021 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1 A student carries out some tests on four aqueous solutions A, B, C and D.
One of the solutions is aqueous barium chloride, BaCl2(aq).
(a) The student is asked to add A to samples of B, C and D in separate test tubes,
a small amount at a time, until there is no further change.
The container of solution A has a hazard label.
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Describe how you would add small amounts of A until there is
no further change. Name the apparatus you would use.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2
*P67820A0216*
(b) (i) B is a blue solution. When A is added to B, the mixture first turns green and
then gradually turns yellow.
Give the formula of the cation in B.
(1)
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(ii) When A is added to C, vigorous effervescence occurs and the gas produced
turns limewater cloudy.
Identify, by name or formula, the gas produced.
(1)
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Solution D
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P67820A0316*
3
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(vi) A concentrated solution of ammonia is added to B.
Initially a pale blue precipitate forms. When more ammonia is added,
the precipitate dissolves forming a dark blue solution F.
Identify, by name or formula, the pale blue precipitate and the species
responsible for the dark blue colour in F.
(2)
4
*P67820A0416*
BLANK PAGE
*P67820A0516*
5
Turn over
2 Students were told to determine the concentration of a solution of
potassium chlorate(V), KClO3 . Two methods were used: precipitation and titration.
Method 1 – Precipitation
Step 1 Bubble excess sulfur dioxide, SO2 , into 100 cm3 of the
potassium chlorate(V) solution.
Step 2 Boil the resulting mixture to remove excess SO2 and then add silver nitrate
solution until no more silver chloride precipitate forms.
Step 3 Filter, dry and weigh the precipitate.
The equation for the reaction in Step 1 is shown.
ClO–3(aq) + 3SO2(g) + 3H2O(l) → Cl–(aq) + 6H+(aq) + 3SO2–
4 (aq)
(a) Identify the main hazard in Step 1, giving a safety precaution that will
reduce the risk.
Assume that safety spectacles and a laboratory coat were used.
(2)
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6
*P67820A0616*
(c) A student who used Method 1 obtained a value that was significantly larger than
the actual concentration of the solution.
Explain one possible source of experimental error which might lead to this result.
(2)
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Method 2 – Titration
Step 1 Mix a sample of potassium chlorate(V) solution with an acidified solution
containing iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4
Step 2 Remove the chloride ions produced in Step 1.
Step 3 Determine the concentration of excess iron(II) ions by titrating the whole
of the solution with a standard solution of potassium manganate(VII).
The equation for the reaction in Step 1 is shown.
ClO–3(aq) + 6Fe2+(aq) + 6H+(aq) → Cl–(aq) + 6Fe3+(aq) + 3H2O(l)
(d) Give the colour change observed in Step 1.
(1)
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*P67820A0716*
7
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(e) Describe how to carry out the titration in Step 3. You should identify suitable
apparatus and any additional chemicals required.
(5)
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8
*P67820A0816*
(f ) In Method 2, 50.0 cm3 of potassium chlorate(V) was mixed with 150 cm3 of
0.0750 mol dm–3 of iron(II) sulfate. The iron (II) sulfate was in excess.
The whole of this solution required 9.25 cm3 of 0.050 mol dm–3 of
potassium manganate(VII) to completely react.
The equations for the reactions are
ClO–3(aq) + 6Fe2+(aq) + 6H+(aq) → Cl–(aq) + 6Fe3+(aq) + 3H2O(l)
MnO–4(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq) + 8H+(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + 5Fe3+(aq) + 4H2O(l)
Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the potassium chlorate(V) solution.
You must show your working.
(6)
*P67820A0916*
9
Turn over
(g) Explain the change, if any, to the value calculated in (f ) if the chloride ions were
not removed before the reaction in Step 3 of Method 2.
(2)
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10
*P67820A01016*
3 Azo dyes, such as Organol Brown, can be made from benzene, C6H6 , using the
reaction scheme shown.
Due to the toxicity of benzene, the first step is never carried out in a
school laboratory.
NO2 NH2
OH
Cl– + N
N N
N
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*P67820A01116*
11
Turn over
(ii) Draw a diagram of the apparatus used to warm under reflux
in this experiment.
(3)
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12
*P67820A01216*
(b) The excess acid is removed from the reaction mixture. The layer containing
nitrobenzene is separated and dried before being purified by distillation.
Identify a suitable drying agent.
(1)
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(ii) Explain why the temperature of the reaction between phenylamine and
nitrous acid must be neither lower than 0°C nor higher than 10°C.
(2)
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*P67820A01316*
13
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(d) Reaction of the diazonium compound with an alkaline solution of
naphthalene-1-ol produces the solid azo dye, Organol Brown.
The solid is purified by recrystallisation.
Procedure
Step 1 The impure Organol Brown is dissolved in a
minimum volume of hot solvent.
Step 2 The solution is filtered hot through a preheated funnel.
Step 3 The solution is cooled and filtered using a Buchner funnel.
Step 4 The solid is rinsed with a small amount of ice-cold solvent.
Step 5 The solid is dried in a desiccator.
(i) State why a minimum volume of hot solvent is used in Step 1.
(1)
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(iii) Give a reason for each of the two filtrations in Steps 2 and 3.
(2)
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(iv) Give a possible reason why it is preferable to dry the solid in a desiccator
rather than in an oven in Step 5.
(1)
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14
*P67820A01416*
(e) The melting temperature of the recrystallised Organol Brown is measured to
check its purity.
State what you would observe if the sample was pure.
(1)
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*P67820A01516*
15
16
*P67820A01616*
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
Chemistry
International Advanced Level
Unit 6: Practical Skills in Chemistry II
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• centrethe
Fill in boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer
Answer all questions.
• – there may
the questions in the spaces provided
be more space than you need.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 50.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas,
descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar,
punctuation and spelling.
• There is a Periodic Table on the back cover of this paper.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Show all your working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
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*P64622A0116*
P64622A
©2020 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1
Answer ALL the questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Precipitate B .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(iii) Excess concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to a further portion of B and
the mixture warmed.
The precipitate dissolved to form a different yellow solution E.
Identify, by name or formula, the complex ion responsible for the yellow
colour in E.
(1)
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2
*P64622A0216*
(b) The yellow solution C was tested.
5 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid was added to the same volume of C, and the mixture
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turned orange.
1 cm3 of ethanol was added to the orange mixture which was heated gently. The
mixture turned green.
(i) Identify, by name or formula, the ions responsible for the colours observed.
(3)
Observation Ions
yellow colour of
solution C
(ii) Suggest the name or formula of the organic product formed in the green mixture.
(1)
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3
*P64622A0316* Turn over
2 This question is about three organic compounds P, Q and R.
These compounds are isomers with the molecular formula C4H8O2.
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4
*P64622A0416*
(ii) A simplified high resolution proton NMR spectrum of Q is shown.
The relative peak areas are given above each set of peaks.
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1
TMS
1
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5
*P64622A0516* Turn over
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*P64622A0616*
BLANK PAGE
6
3 A group of students carried out an experiment to determine the rate equation for the
reaction between bromide and bromate(V) ions in acid conditions.
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Step 6 Repeat the experiment using different volumes of aqueous potassium bromate(V),
adding distilled water so that the total volume of the reacting solution is
always 40.0 cm3.
(a) Two of the hazard warning signs for phenol are
State the most important hazard associated with phenol in this experiment and
the precaution you would take to reduce the risk, apart from wearing safety
goggles and a laboratory coat.
(1)
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7
*P64622A0716* Turn over
(b) Explain the purpose of the phenol in this experiment.
(2)
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(c) Suggest a way of making the disappearance of the methyl red colour easier to see.
(1)
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(i) State why the total volume of the mixture is kept constant.
(1)
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*P64622A0816*
(ii) Plot a graph of reciprocal time (1/t) against volume of bromate(V) solution.
(3)
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*P64622A0916* Turn over
(iii) State the order of reaction with respect to bromate(V) ions. Justify your answer.
(1)
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*P64622A01016*
(e) All the volume measurements in this experiment were made using a 50 cm3 burette.
(i) Give a reason why the potassium bromate(V) solution is first measured into a
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separate boiling tube rather than directly into the reaction mixture.
(1)
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(ii) Give two reasons why Run 1 has the lowest uncertainty in the
volume measurements.
(2)
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(f ) State the changes that you would make to the procedure to obtain the data
needed to determine the overall rate equation for the reaction between bromide
and bromate(V) ions in acid conditions.
(2)
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*P64622A01116* Turn over
4 A group of students prepared aspirin from 2-hydroxybenzoic acid using ethanoic anhydride.
O OH O O OH
Data
Melting
Molar mass Density of liquid
Compound temperature
/ g mol−1 / g cm−3
/ °C
2-hydroxybenzoic acid 138.0 — 159
Procedure
Step 1 Weigh 2.00 g of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and put it in a pear-shaped flask.
Clamp the flask and suspend it in a water bath containing cold water.
Step 2 Add 5.0 cm3 of ethanoic anhydride to the 2-hydroxybenzoic acid.
Add five drops of concentrated sulfuric acid to the mixture in the flask.
Add anti-bumping granules and fix a reflux condenser on the flask.
Step 3 Warm the mixture by heating the water bath using a Bunsen burner.
Gently swirl the mixture until all the solid has dissolved.
Step 4 Continue warming the mixture for another 10 minutes.
Step 5 Remove the flask from the hot water bath and add 10 cm3 of crushed ice
and some distilled water. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
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*P64622A01216*
(a) Give a reason for placing the flask in cold water in Step 1.
(1)
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(b) Suggest the purpose of the concentrated sulfuric acid added in Step 2.
(1)
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(c) Show, by calculation, that the ethanoic anhydride is in excess in this preparation.
(3)
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*P64622A01316* Turn over
(d) One student drew a diagram of the apparatus used for reflux in Step 4.
water out
anti-bumping
granules
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(e) Suggest the purpose of adding crushed ice and distilled water in Step 5.
(1)
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*P64622A01416*
(f ) The filtration in Step 7 is carried out under reduced pressure.
State two advantages of this method compared with ordinary (gravity) filtration.
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(2)
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(g) Describe how the purity of the recrystallised aspirin could be tested. Experimental
details are not required.
(2)
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*P64622A01516*
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*P64622A01616*
16
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
Chemistry
Advanced
Unit 6: Chemistry Laboratory Skills II
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 50.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas,
descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar,
punctuation and spelling.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Checkallyouryouranswers
Show working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
• if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P58301A
©2019 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/
*P58301A0116*
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1 A pale green crystalline solid A contains two cations and one anion.
(ii) Give the name or formula of the cation in A that is identified by this test.
(1)
(c) B gives a white precipitate when aqueous barium chloride acidified with dilute
hydrochloric acid is added.
Give the name or formula of the anion in B that is identified by this test.
(1)
(d) Suggest the formula of solid A. Do not include any water of crystallisation.
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(1)
2
*P58301A0216*
(e) A sample of 0.025 mol of solid A with a mass of 9.80 g is heated gently to remove
the water of crystallisation and leave 0.025 mol of the anhydrous solid.
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3
*P58301A0316* Turn over
2 W is a white solid with the molecular formula C9H8O2.
(a) A series of tests is carried out on W.
or ........................................................................... (1)
compound
group
(iii) Heat W until it melts then Steamy fumes form W contains the
group
group
. . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Complete the table, which contains information about the mass spectrum of W.
Peak Inference
+
(i) A peak occurs at m / e = The peak is due to C6H5
(1)
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. ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) A peak occurs at m / e = 103 The peak is due to an ion with the formula
(1)
..................................................................................
4
*P58301A0416*
(c) The low resolution proton nmr spectrum of W has four peaks each with
relative area 1 and two peaks each with relative area 2.
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(ii) State what can be deduced from the relative peak areas.
(1)
5
*P58301A0516* Turn over
3 A student used two methods to determine the concentration of vanadium(III) ions
in an aqueous solution X.
Titration Rough 1 2 3
Final burette
21.10 41.30 19.85 20.10
reading / cm3
Initial burette
0.50 21.10 0.25 0.00
reading / cm3
Titres used to
calculate mean
6
*P58301A0616*
(ii) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm−3, of V3+(aq) ions in solution X.
Give your answer to three significant figures.
(3)
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7
*P58301A0716* Turn over
(b) Method 2 used an electrochemical cell.
An electrochemical cell was made from the electrode systems represented by
......................................................
.................................................. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . .
(i) Complete the diagram by adding labels on the dotted lines provided.
Conditions are not required.
(4)
(ii) The salt bridge consisted of a strip of filter paper soaked in a saturated
solution of potassium nitrate.
Give a reason why potassium hydroxide solution should not be used for the
salt bridge.
(1)
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8
*P58301A0816*
(iii) In this cell, the zinc half-cell was at standard temperature and concentration.
When the cell reaction occurred, the zinc was oxidised and Ecell = +0.44 V.
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(iv) The standard electrode potential, E , for the Zn2+(aq)|Zn(s) half-cell = −0.76 V.
The V 3+(aq)|V 2+(aq) half-cell was not at standard concentration in this experiment.
Calculate the electrode potential, E, for the V 3+(aq)|V 2+(aq) half-cell in this
experiment.
(1)
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(v) The standard electrode potential, E , for the V3+(aq)|V2+(aq) half-cell = −0.26 V.
Solution Y was 1 mol dm–3 with respect to V2+(aq).
For the half-cell in this experiment, the electrode potential is given by
9
*P58301A0916* Turn over
(c) The concentration of V3+(aq) obtained in (a)(ii) was approximately double that
obtained in (b)(v).
10
*P58301A01016*
4 This question is about the preparation of iodobenzene from phenylamine, and its purification.
The preparation occurs in two steps.
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NH2 N2Cl
Step 1
phenylamine benzenediazonium
chloride
N2Cl I
Step 2
iodobenzene
Some data about phenylamine and iodobenzene are given in the table.
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11
*P58301A01116* Turn over
(b) In Step 2 of the preparation, aqueous potassium iodide is added slowly to the
reaction mixture from Step 1.
A B
anti- D
bumping
granules
HEAT HEAT
12
*P58301A01216*
(iii) State the purpose of the part of the apparatus labelled E.
(1)
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13
*P58301A01316* Turn over
(c) This preparation and purification process has an expected yield of 70%.
Calculate the volume of phenylamine needed to produce 25.0 cm3 of iodobenzene.
14
*P58301A01416*
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BLANK PAGE
*P58301A01516*
15
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*P58301A01616*
16
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
Chemistry
Advanced
Unit 6: Chemistry Laboratory Skills II
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer allthequestions.
Answer
• – there may bequestions in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 50.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas,
descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar,
punctuation and spelling.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Checkallyouryouranswers
Show working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
• if you have time at the end.
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*P56132A0116*
P56132A
©2019 Pearson Education Ltd.
2/2/1/1/1/1/
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
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(b) Compounds C, D and E are nitrates of d-block elements.
Aqueous sodium hydroxide is added, drop by drop, until in excess to separate
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solutions of C, D and E.
(i) Compound C forms an off-white precipitate which darkens on standing in air.
Identify the precipitate, by name or formula, and explain why it darkens.
(2)
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(ii) Compound D forms a white precipitate which dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide
to form a colourless solution containing a complex ion.
Write the formula of this complex ion.
(1)
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(iii) Compound E forms a green precipitate which does not dissolve in excess
sodium hydroxide.
The precipitate turns brown on standing in air.
Identify, by name or formula, the compound E and the brown solid.
(2)
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2 This question is about three organic compounds: X, Y and Z.
X, Y and Z have the same molecular formula, C6H12O.
(a) Use information from the table to answer the following questions.
(i) State what can be deduced about X from the positive test results.
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(iii) Complete the equation for the reaction between Z and sodium metal.
State symbols are not required.
(1)
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C6H12O + Na →
(b) The high resolution proton nmr spectrum of compound X has only two peaks
which are singlets with relative peak areas of 1 : 3.
(i) State what can be deduced from the presence of only two peaks in the
nmr spectrum.
(1)
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(ii) State what can be deduced from the fact that these peaks are singlets.
(1)
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(iii) Use the nmr information, your answer to (a)(i) and the molecular formula to
deduce the structure of X.
(1)
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(c) Compound Y is straight-chained and does not have geometric or optical isomers.
(i) State what can be deduced from the fact that Y does not exist as geometric isomers.
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(ii) State what can be deduced from the fact that Y does not have optical isomers.
(1)
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(iii) Use information about Y, your answer to (a)(ii) and the molecular formula to
deduce the structure of Y.
(1)
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*P56132A0616*
3 This question is about the analysis of iron supplements used to prevent or treat
iron deficiency anaemia.
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A student used the following procedure to analyse iron tablets containing iron in the
form of hydrated iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4.7H2O.
Procedure
Step 1 Grind up two iron tablets with a little dilute sulfuric acid using a pestle
and mortar.
Step 2 Transfer the resulting paste into a 100.0 cm3 volumetric flask. Rinse the
apparatus used with dilute sulfuric acid, transferring all washings to the
volumetric flask.
Step 3 Add sufficient dilute sulfuric acid to the volumetric flask to make up the
solution to exactly 100.0 cm3. Stopper the flask and invert it several times.
Step 4 Using a pipette, transfer 10.0 cm3 of the solution to a conical flask and
titrate it with 0.00500 mol dm−3 potassium manganate(VII) solution.
Step 5 Repeat Step 4 until concordant results are obtained.
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(a) (i) Give the reason why the titration in Step 4 does not require the addition of
an indicator.
(1)
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(b) The student decided to take the burette readings from the top of the liquid level
rather than from the bottom of the meniscus.
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Titration number 1 2 3 4
(i) Complete the table and use the concordant values to calculate the mean titre.
(2)
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*P56132A0816*
(ii) Use your mean titre and information from the procedure to calculate the mass
of hydrated iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4.7H2O, present in one iron tablet.
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(d) The uncertainties in the burette and pipette measurements are ±0.05 cm3 and
±0.06 cm3 respectively.
Calculate which of these pieces of apparatus gives the greater percentage
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4 This question is about the laboratory preparation of 3‑methylbutyl ethanoate,
an ester used as a banana flavouring in foods.
Procedure
Step 1 Add 7.5 cm3 of 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 10 cm3 of ethanoic acid and
2 cm3 of concentrated sulfuric acid to a round-bottom flask.
Step 2 Add a few anti-bumping granules and heat the mixture under reflux
for 35 minutes.
Step 3 Transfer the cooled reaction mixture to a separating funnel. Add 30 cm3
of distilled water and washings from the flask. Shake the mixture, allow to
separate and discard the aqueous layer.
Step 4 Wash the organic layer with 15 cm3 of sodium hydrogencarbonate solution,
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(a) State the purpose of the concentrated sulfuric acid and of the anti‑bumping
granules added to the round-bottom flask.
(2)
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(b) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to heat the reaction mixture
under reflux in Step 2.
(2)
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(c) Draw a diagram of the separating funnel in Step 3, clearly labelling the aqueous
and organic layers.
(2)
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(e) Explain why the distillate is not collected below 140 °C in Step 6.
(2)
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(ii) Give the main reason why the yield is significantly less than 100%.
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Step A Dissolve the impure solid in some hot methanol.
Step B Cool the solution in an ice-bath.
Step C Separate the crystals using suction filtration.
Step D Dry the crystals by mixing them with solid anhydrous
sodium sulfate in a stoppered boiling tube.
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