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    EEE2003 - Electromechanical Energy Conversion Lab: School of Electrical Engineering

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    Akshit VS
    This document summarizes an experiment performed on a single-phase transformer to determine its parameters and performance characteristics. Key steps included: 1. Conducting open circuit and short circuit tests to measure no-load power, current, and short circuit power and current. 2. Using test results to calculate transformer equivalent circuit parameters like core loss resistance Ro, magnetizing reactance Xo, equivalent resistance Req, and equivalent reactance Xeq. 3. Determining efficiency at various loads from 0.2 to 1.2 times full load and plotting an efficiency curve. 4. Calculating regulation from 0.2 lagging to 0.2 leading power factor and plotting a regulation curve.

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    EEE2003 - Electromechanical Energy Conversion Lab: School of Electrical Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Akshit VS
    14 views10 pages
    This document summarizes an experiment performed on a single-phase transformer to determine its parameters and performance characteristics. Key steps included: 1. Conducting open circuit and short circuit tests to measure no-load power, current, and short circuit power and current. 2. Using test results to calculate transformer equivalent circuit parameters like core loss resistance Ro, magnetizing reactance Xo, equivalent resistance Req, and equivalent reactance Xeq. 3. Determining efficiency at various loads from 0.2 to 1.2 times full load and plotting an efficiency curve. 4. Calculating regulation from 0.2 lagging to 0.2 leading power factor and plotting a regulation curve.

    Original Description:

    Electromechanical Energy Conversion EEE Core Experiment 3

    Original Title

    emecexp3_19BEE0435

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    This document summarizes an experiment performed on a single-phase transformer to determine its parameters and performance characteristics. Key steps included: 1. Conducting open circuit and short circuit tests to measure no-load power, current, and short circuit power and current. 2. Using test results to calculate transformer equivalent circuit parameters like core loss resistance Ro, magnetizing reactance Xo, equivalent resistance Req, and equivalent reactance Xeq. 3. Determining efficiency at various loads from 0.2 to 1.2 times full load and plotting an efficiency curve. 4. Calculating regulation from 0.2 lagging to 0.2 leading power factor and plotting a regulation curve.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views10 pages

    EEE2003 - Electromechanical Energy Conversion Lab: School of Electrical Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Akshit VS
    This document summarizes an experiment performed on a single-phase transformer to determine its parameters and performance characteristics. Key steps included: 1. Conducting open circuit and short circuit tests to measure no-load power, current, and short circuit power and current. 2. Using test results to calculate transformer equivalent circuit parameters like core loss resistance Ro, magnetizing reactance Xo, equivalent resistance Req, and equivalent reactance Xeq. 3. Determining efficiency at various loads from 0.2 to 1.2 times full load and plotting an efficiency curve. 4. Calculating regulation from 0.2 lagging to 0.2 leading power factor and plotting a regulation curve.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435

    SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

    EEE2003 – Electromechanical Energy Conversion Lab

    Experiment No. : 03

    Title : Open and Short Circuit test


    on Single Phase
    Transformer.

    Date of Experiment :18th August, 2020

    Slot : L39 + L40

    Name of Student : V S AKSHIT

    Register Number : 19BEE0435

    Faculty Name : Dr. BELWIN EDWARD J


    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435

    EXPERIMENT NO.: 3 DATE: 18 August 2020

    OPEN AND SHORT CIRCUIT TEST ON SINGLE


    PHASE TRANSFORMER
    AIM/OBJECTIVE:
    1) To perform open circuit test and short circuit test on a single-phase transformer
    2) To calculate the parameters of the equivalent circuit of this transformer.
    3) Calculate the efficiency at 1/5 ,2/5, 3/5, 4/5th, full load and 1.20 times full load and

    plot the efficiency curve Vs output power at a power factor of 0.85 lagging.
    4) Calculate the regulation at full load current and Plot the graph % regulation Vs

    power factor from 0.2 lagging to 0.2 leading.

    APPARATUS REQUIRED:
    S.NO NAME TYPE No. Qty

    1 Ammeter MC 1 EACH

    2 Voltmeter MC 1 EACH

    3 Wattmeter MC 1 EACH

    THEORY
    Open Circuit Test:
    In this test low voltage side (primary) is connected to a supply of normal voltage and
    frequency (as per rating of transformer) and the high voltage winding (secondary) is left
    open as shown in figure. The primary winding draws very low current hardly 3 to 5% of
    full load current under this condition. Copper losses in the primary winding will be
    negligible. Thus mainly iron losses occur in the transformer under no load on open circuit
    condition, which are indicated by the wattmeter connected in the circuit.

    OC TABLE:
    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435
    Hence total iron losses =W0 (Reading of wattmeter)

    From the observations of this test, the parameters R0 and X0 of the parallel branches of this
    equivalent circuit can also be calculated from the steps given below.

    Power drawn W0 =V0I0 Cos0

    Thus no-load power factor Cos 0 = W0/V0I0

    0 = Cos-1(W0/V0I0)

    Core loss component of no load current Iw = I0Cos0

    and, Magnetizing component of no-load current Im


    = I0Sin 0

    TABLES: EFFICIENCY AND REGULATION


    Efficiency at various loads at 0.85 power factor X= Fraction of full load:

    %Regulation:

    Column1 S.No CosΦ Φ SinΦ % regulation


    Lagging 1 0.2 1.369 0.9798 3.783369
    2 0.4 1.159 0.9165 4.310443565
    3 0.6 0.927 0.8 4.671313
    4 0.8 0.644 0.6 4.7715652
    UPF 5 1 0 0 3.6230869
    Leading 6 0.8 0.644 0.6 1.02537391
    7 0.6 0.927 0.8 -0.323608696
    8 0.4 1.159 0.9165 -1.41196608
    9 0.2 1.369 0.9798 -2.334135
    Equivalent resistance representing core loss Ro=V0/Iw
    Magnetizing reactance representing magnetizing current, X0=V0/Im
    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435

    Short Circuit Test


    In this test, low voltage winding is short circuited and a low voltage of 5 to10% of the rated
    voltage of the high voltage winding is applied to this winding. This test is performed at rated current
    flowing in both the windings. Iron losses occurring in the transformer under this condition is negligible,
    because of very low applied voltage. Hence the total loss occurring under short circuit is mainly the
    copper losses of both the winding, which are indicated by the wattmeter connected in the circuit as shown
    in fig.
    Thus full load copper loss = Wsc
    The equivalent resistance Req and reactance Xeq referred to a particular winding can also be
    calculated from the observations of this test, following the steps, given below.
    Equivalent resistance referred to H.V. winding = Wsc/Isc2 = Req
    Also, Equivalent impedance referred to H.V. winding = Vsc/Isc =Zeq
    Thus equivalent reactance referred to H.V. winding = Xeq= sqrt (Zeq2 – Req2)
    Performance Calculations
    Complete performance of the transformer can be calculated based on the above observations of
    open circuit and short circuit tests following the steps given below
    1) Efficiency at different loads:
    (a) Efficiency at full load
    Total losses at full load = W0 +Wsc
    Let the full load output capacity of the transformer in KVA be P0
    Thus percentage efficiency at full load  = P0 x 1000 x Cos x 100
    (P0 x 1000 x Cos) +W0 +Wsc
    (b) Efficiency at half full load
    Iron losses at half full load = W0 (constant)
    Copper losses at half full load = (1/2)2 Wsc
    Output power at half full load = (1/2) P0 x 1000 x Cos watts
    % Efficiency at half full load
    (1/2) P0 x 1000 x cos x 100
    (1/2) fl = -----------------------------------------------------------
    (1/2) P0 x 1000 x cos + W0 + (1/4) WSC

    In a similar manner, efficiency at other loads can be found out and the efficiency Vs load
    curve can be plotted.
    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435
    SC TABLE:

    MODEL GRAPH : (EFFICIENCY AND REGULATION)


    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435

    Equivalent Circuit
    All the parameters of the approximate equivalent circuit have been calculated above.
    Thus, an approximate equivalent circuit of the transformer can be drawn with these values
    of parameters
    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435
    marked on it. The equivalent circuit can be solved easily for estimating the performance
    like terminal voltage across the secondary etc.

    Regulation
    Regulation of the transformer can now be calculated based on the parameters of the
    equivalent
    circuit, using the approximate formula given below.

    %Regulation = I1 (R01cos ¢ ± X01sin¢)*100/V1 [+ for lagging p.f. & - For


    leading p.f] OR
    % Regulation = I2 (R02 Cos ¢ + X02 Sin ¢) *100 / V2
    I1 and I2 = rated current on primary and secondary
    side V1 and V2 = rated voltage on primary and
    secondary side. cos ¢ - Power factor at which
    regulation is to be calculated

    PRECAUTIONS
    Before starting and after completion of the experiment

    1. The single- phase AC power supply should be in off position.


    2. The auto transformer (1-  ) should be kept at minimum potential position.
    3. The AC breaker and isolator switch should be in off position.
    4. There should not be any load on the transformer at the beginning of the experiment.

    :
    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435

    PROCEDURE:
    Open Circuit Test:
    1. Connections are made as shown in (Fig –1) circuit diagram.

    2. Switch on the 1-  AC power supply, AC breaker and AC isolator switch.


    3. Adjust auto transformer (1- ) for rated voltage across the primary side.
    4. Record the no load current and no-load power, for corresponding to the rated

    voltage of the transformer primary winding.


    5. Switch off the AC supply, AC breaker and AC isolator switch after bringing the

    transformer to minimum potential position.

    Short Circuit Test:


    1. Connections are made as shown in (Fig – 2) circuit diagram.

    2. Switch on the 1- AC power supply, AC breaker and AC isolator switch.

    3. Adjust auto transformer (1-) for rated current across the primary side
    4. Record the short circuit voltage and short circuit power, for corresponding to the

    rated current of the transformer winding.


    5. Switch off the AC supply, AC breaker and AC isolator switch after bringing the

    transformer to minimum potential position.


    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435

    MANUAL CALCULATIONS:
    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435

    RESULT/INFERENCE:
    Using the open and close circuit test results we found out our other required
    tabular values.
    This test results in the iron losses and no-load current values, thereby we can
    determine the no load branch parameters with simple calculations and both the
    graphs are plotted.

    It is also very much economical and cheap as there is no load current.


    In %regulation graph, the positive sign is used for lagging power factor and
    negative sign is used for leading power factor.
    Hence, we get the required graphs using the table values which we found out
    using simple calculations and from our circuit tests.

    ---------------------------------------THE END--------------------------------------------

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