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Name: Decemei M. Cuabo. Year & Section: Bs-Biology 1St Yr. 1A

1. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells produce energy through the oxidation of glucose or other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. It can be divided into three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. 2. The electron transport chain plays a key role in cellular respiration by generating the most ATP through the movement of electrons down the chain and establishing a proton gradient that is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. 3. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration, combining with hydrogen and electrons at the end of the electron transport chain to produce water. This movement of electrons allows for the production of ATP.

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51 views

Name: Decemei M. Cuabo. Year & Section: Bs-Biology 1St Yr. 1A

1. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells produce energy through the oxidation of glucose or other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. It can be divided into three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. 2. The electron transport chain plays a key role in cellular respiration by generating the most ATP through the movement of electrons down the chain and establishing a proton gradient that is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. 3. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration, combining with hydrogen and electrons at the end of the electron transport chain to produce water. This movement of electrons allows for the production of ATP.

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CELLULAR METABOLISM

Name: Decemei M. Cuabo. Year & Section: BS-Biology 1st Yr. 1A

Modified TRUE or FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is true and if it is false, write the CORRECT WORD/S to
make it true.

1. All life needs energy.


o TRUE
2. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O is the chemical equation for photosynthesis.
3. Glucose is a carbohydrate that stores chemical energy in a concentrated and stable form.
o TRUE
4. Many scientists consider photosynthesis to be the most important life process on Earth.
o TRUE
5. Only autotrophs can perform photosynthesis.
o TRUE
6. Only three types of organisms (plants, algae, and some bacteria) can make food through photosynthesis
7. ATP is the “energy currency” of the cell, so it makes sense that a molecule of glucose contains much more
chemical energy than a molecule of ATP.
8. Whereas photosynthesis occurs in only some organisms, cellular respiration occurs in the cells of all living
things.
o TRUE
9. Unlike matter, energy cannot be recycled by organisms.
10. Heterotrophs cannot make their own food.
11. Because you are able to cook your own food in the microwave oven, you are a consumer
12. As mushrooms are fungi, they are heterotrophs.
o TRUE
13. A food chain shows how energy and matter flow from consumers to producers
o TRUE.
14. Photosynthetic animals are autotrophs.
o TRUE
15. Energy is needed to carry out life processes.
16. Unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration begins with glycolysis.
17. Cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration.
o TRUE
18. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor during aerobic respiration.
19. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondrion.
20. Mitochondria possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
o TRUE
21. The intermembrane space separates the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria.
22. The Krebs cycle comes before glycolysis, during cellular respiration.
o TRUE
23. Photosynthesis begins with the absorption of sunlight by the chloroplast photosystem.
24. ATP synthase pumps, by passive transport, hydrogen ions back into the mitochondria matrix.
25. The first reaction of the Krebs cycle produces citric acid.
o TRUE
26. One molecule of glucose holds enough energy to produce up to 30-32 ATP
27. The Krebs cycle produces two ATP.
28. Plants and animals perform cellular respiration.
o TRUE
29. Anaerobic respiration evolved prior to aerobic respiration.
30. Two NADH are made during glycolysis.
II. Vocabulary. Select a TERM from the box to match with its proper definition and write it on the space provided.

aerobic respiration anaerobic respiration ATP synthase chemiosmotic gradient NADH


citric acid cycle cristae electron transport chain FADH2 glycolysis Krebs cycle pyruvate

1. ATP Synthase - channel protein and enzyme that makes ATP


2. Citric Acid Cycles - also known as the Krebs cycle
3. FADH2 - energy-carrying compound produced during the Krebs cycle
4. Pyruvate - end product of glycolysis
5. Anaerobic Respiration - cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen
6. NADH - energy-carrying compound involved in stage I and stage II of cellular respiration
7. Chemiosmotic Gradient - a greater concentration of hydrogen ions in the inter-membrane space than in the
mitochondrial matrix
8. Krebs Cycle - stage II of cellular respiration
9. Cristae - “folds” created by the mitochondria inner membrane
10. Glycolysis - glucose splitting
11. Electron Transport Chain - involved in stage III of cellular respiration
12. Aerobic Respiration - cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen

III. Vocabulary. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term/s.

1. The reactions of cellular respiration can be grouped into three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs/citric acid cycle
and electron transport.
2. Cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration.
3. The last two stages of cellular respiration occur in the mitochondria.
4. Most of the ATP is produced in stage III (electron transport) of cellular respiration.
5. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain, when water is formed.
6. During glycolysis, enzymes split a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
7. Cellular Respiration releases the energy in glucose to make ATP.
8. During the Krebs cycle, energy is captured in molecules of ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
9. Acetyl-CoA is the molecule that enters the Krebs cycle.
10. During glycolysis, 2 molecules of ATP are used, and 4 molecules of ATP are made.
11. ATP synthase is the enzyme that produces ATP during the final stage of cellular respiration.
12. In all three stages of aerobic respiration, up to 38 molecules of ATP may be produced from a single molecule of
glucose.
IV. Critical Writing. Briefly and thoroughly answer the questions below. Use appropriate academic vocabulary and
clear and complete sentences.

1. Explain the “Chemiosmotic Model of ATP Production”.


o The chemiosmosis is the movement of ions by diffusion across the selective permeable membrane, down
their electrochemical gradient. The chemiosmosis is involved in the actual production of ATP (Adenosine
Triphosphate) which is the main molecule used for energy by the cell. During the chemiosmosis the electron
carrier NADH and FADH (procured from the citric acid cycle) passes electrons to the electron transport
chain, the electrons causes conformation changes in the shape of proteins to pump H+ across the selective
permeable cell membrane. The irregular conveyance of H+ ions over the membrane builds up both the
concentration and electrical gradients (thus, an electrochemical gradient) owing to the hydrogen ions
positive charge and their conglomeration on one side of the membrane. If the membrane were to open
dissemination by the hydrogen ions, the ion particles would tend to suddenly diffuse back out into the
membrane, driven by their electrochemical gradient. In any case, numerous ion particles cannot diffuse
through the non-polar districts of phospholipid membrane without the help of ion channels. Similarly,
hydrogen ions within the matrix space can only pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane through a
membrane protein called ATP synthase. The protein act as the tiny generator turned by the constrain of the
hydrogen ions diffusing through it, down their electrochemical gradient. The rotational energy is then
harness to drive the ATP production through an effective binding of the ADP and an inorganic phosphate Pi
together, as a result of acting couple flow to ATP generation. This process requires the acceptance of
electrons by molecular oxygen O2, electron then flow to oxygen resulting in the production of ATP
generated by proton flow is known as oxidative phosphorylation.

2. What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?


o The role of the electron transport chain in the cellular respiration is to be the main source of of ATP
production in which it produces most ATP molecules that’s very important in life.

3. Describe the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?


o The oxygen act as the hydrogen and electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain of aerobic
respiration, in which the oxygen combines with the hydrogen and electrons to produced or form water. It
also helps moves electron down a chain that results to ATP production, that holds potential chemical energy
that’s important to power large organisms.

4. What happens to the reduced coenzymes that were produced in Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle?
o The reduced coenzymes that were produced in glycolysis and Krebs cycle becomes reoxidized by
transferring their electrons to the oxygen, thus producing water. Oxygen then is the final acceptor of the
electrons produced by the oxidation of fuel molecules as part of the Krebs Cycle.

5. When and why does our body use lactic acid fermentation?
o Our body’s muscle cells can produce lactic acid to provide us the energy when the body is engaged in a
difficult physical activities and exercise, this happens when the body has no enough oxygen so lactic acid
fermentation creates the necessary energy that allows the continuous production of ATP.

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