MICROPERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

1ST semester
College of Hospitality Management
3 units
CHAPTER 2
Prepared by : Charina Millanes
Submitted to : Dr. Analiza L. Chua

OVERVIEW
In this chapter we discuss about the social nature of travel. The social effect of tourism.
Socioeconomic variables and their effect on the travel. The rise of new travel patterns. Socioeconomic
variables and their effect on travel.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
After this lesson the student will be able to :
1. Explain the social nature of travel.
2.Describe the social effects of tourism.
3. Discuss the socioeconomic variables and their effect on travel.
4. Explain the preferences of the international tourist.
5. Identify the types of tourist roles.
INSTRUCTIONS:

Read the content below and in a short bondpaper answer the following questions. Comment
your answer in the comment box and please Don’t forget to write your name. Deadline of submission
will be on September 20, 2021

ACTIVITY NO. 1
1. Write a one page report on how your travel interest differ from your parents and from your
grandparents.

ACTIVITY NO.2
1. List down all the socioeconomic variables , and explain how each variable affects travel.
2. Explain the social effects of tourism.
3. Determine which tourist roles reflect you as a person. Support your answer.

UNLOCKING DIFFICULT WORDS

1. Constraints – Something that limits or restricts.

2. Novelty – something that is new or unusual.
3. Correlation – the relationship between things that happen or change together.
4. Autonomy – the state of existing or acting separately frrom others.
 5. Itinerary - the place you go to or plan to go to on a journey.

LESSON PROPER
THE SOCIAL NATURE OF TRAVEL
Man’s desire to travel is due to his social nature. It enables him to develop friendship that often
last for years. Travel increases his sociability and makes him more interesting to himself and to others.
Travel is brought about by the social nature of man. Human beings as social animals, feel comfortable in
a tour group. They feel that their trip is more enjoyable and free from anxiety if they join a group tour.

THE SOCIAL EFFECT OF TOURISM

Tourism is concerned with movement of and contact between people in different geographical
locations. In sociological terms this involves :
1. Social relation between people who would not normally meet
2. The confrontation of different culture, ethnic groups, lifestyle, language, level of prosperity.
3. The behaviour of people released from many of the social and economic constraints of
everyday life.
4. Thye behaviour of the host population which has to reconcile economic gain and benefits
with the cost of living with strangers.
The degree to which conflict will occur between host and guest depends upon the similarity
in their standards of living, the number of tourist at anytime, and the extent to which the
tourist adapt to local norms.

SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES AND THEIR EFFECT ON TRAVEL

There are socioeconomic variables that affect travel these are:
1. Age

 There are several differences between patterns of travel based on age. Younger
people tend to select more active recreational activities than older peopple. The
elderly ( those in the late sixties and upward) prefer more passive forms of
recreation, such as visiting friends and relatives, fishing, sightseeing, and playing
golf. Older tourist tend to travel to farther destinations, prefer ship travel, travel
more in spring than younger tourist do, and spend less than middle age tourist but
more than younger tourists.
2. Income and social atatus

 Income and social status have a great influence on travel. Rich persons as well as
persons with higher social status. Higher income tourist stay longer and spend more
per day than those with lower income.
3. Educatioon

 There is a strong correlatioon between education and travel. Generally speaking,

the better educated members of the population have agreater desire to travel. They
prefer activities that recquire the development of interpretative and expressive
skills, such as attending plays, concerts,art museum, reading books, playing golf, and
skiing.
4. Life stage of the family

 The presence of children in the family limit travel more leisure time is spent at
home. As the children grow up and leave home. The married couples renew interest
in travel.
THE RISE OF NEW TRAVEL PATTERNS
The growth of tourism brought about the rise of new travel pattern such as :
1. Travel clubs

 The most significant development in group travel consist of travel clubs. A very good
example of these is the club mediterranee. In this group travel plan, a club member
 enjoys travel opportunities and vacation destination facilities at a much cheaper
price that paid by a nonmember.
2. Airline group and arrangements

 Introduction of different types of tour fares promotedby airline. These are the
following:
A. Groups of 15 or more are given reduced fares.
B. Charter services is given by some airlines to affinity group tours.
C. Public charter in which on entire airplanes is made available to a group of
persons who travel to the same destination.
D. Incentive tours which are given by firms to employees as a reward for special
achievement or as a motivation for achievement.
3. Special interest tours

 Is becoming more popular at present. These tours arranged for those who are
intersted in a particular activity such as bird watching, festivals, fishing, hunting,
scuba diving, photography, flower arrangements, golf, skiing, mountain climbing.
PREFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOURIST
The preference of the international tourist are divided into four categories:
1. Relaxation versus activity

 The work week of most people including the middle class was long and exhausting.
They demanded holidays that offered relaxation and rest.
2. Familiarity versus novelty

 Most tourist on their first trip abroad tend to seek familiarity rather than novelty.
They search for something that will remind them of home, whether it be food,
newspapers, living quarters, or another person from their country.
3. Dependance versus autonomy

 Tourist joined package tours in which transportation, lodging, food, sightseeing, and
entertainment more fixed in advanced by the tour agency. At present there is the
emergence of the group of tourist who would like to acquire a sense of personal
autonomy regarding their leisure time.
4. Order versus disorder

 In the past, tourist sought holidays which enforce the traditional concept of
conformity-set meals at fixed times, guide books which told them the right place to
visit, and resorts where the new generation of tourist is not very much concerned
about what to wear and how to behave when on holiday.
TYPES OF TOURIST ROLES
4 Types of tourist roles
1. The organized mass tourist

 This type of tourist is the least adventurous. He buys a package tour in which the
itenerary of his trip is fixed in advance and his stops are well-prepared and guided.
2. Individual mass tourist

 Is similar to the organized mass tourist except that the individual mass tourist has a
certain degree of controlover his time and itenerary and is not bound to group.
3. The explorer

 This type of tourist arranges his trip by himself and looks for comfortable
accommodation and reliable means of transportation. He tries to associate with the
people he visit and to speak their language. The explorer dares to leave his country
much more then the previous two types, but goes back to it when the experience
becomes too rough.
4. The drifter
  The drifter goes the farthest away from the accustumed ways of life of his own
country. He is almost toptally immersedin his host culture. He tries to live the way
the people he visits live and to share their shelter, foods, and habits.
The first two types of tourist are called INSTITUTIONALIZED TOURIST ROLES because
they are closely attached to the tourist establishment . the last two types , the explorer
and the drifter, are called NON INSTITUTIONALIZED TOURIST ROLES because they are
loosely attached to the tourist establishment.

CONTENT TOPIC: The sociology of tourism

PAGES : 22-27
REFERENCES: Microperspective of tourism and hospitality , Zenaida Lansangan-Cruz, PhD ,

ASSIGNMENT :
( Refer to activities 1 and 2 )

Prepared by:
MS. CHARINA MILLANES
Instructor