Introduction to

World Religions
and Belief Systems
11
Quarter 1
Week 3
1Module1
Module 9
Historical Events
Caused by Religion
Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems
Quarter 1 – Week 3- Module 9: Historical Events Caused by Religion
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Maribeth C. Paragas and Helen Grace O. Gutierrez

Editor: Joseph Mervin B. Camacho , Ana Noemi J. Lucas
Reviewers: Bernard R. Balitao / Lazaro P. Torres Jr.
Illustrator: Danim R. Majerano
Layout Artist: Danim R. Majerano , Clifchard D. Valente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso, Ed. D.
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña, Ed. D.
OIC – Chief Curriculum Implementation Division
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Education Program Supervisors
Education Program Supervisors
Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)
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Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems Module on

Historical Events Caused by Religion!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with the
Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Vico Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners
as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems Module on the
Historical Events Caused by Religion!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after

completing the lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the

concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that
you understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and

applications of the lessons.

Valuing- this part will check the integration of values in the

learning competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from
the entire module.
 EXPECTATION

In this module, the students are expected to:

a. Analyze the influences of religion to culture and society;
b. justify that religion can have positive or negative effects on society, and
c. identify the historical events caused by religion.

PRE – TEST

Directions: Read the following questions and encircle the letter of the correct
answer.
1. What is referred to as the Hindu practice of widow burning?
a. Sati c. Moksha
b. Sartre d. Karma
2. Which mosque was destroyed by Hindu activists in India?
a. Babri Masjid c. Barwada Mosque
b. Jama Masjid d. Hajj Ali Dargah
3. What type of torture or punishment is applied to the victim where rope is
entangled to his head and let him fall from height and stopped with an abrupt
jerk?
a. Inquisition c. Strappado
b. Suttee d. Pear of Anguish
4. What do you call a form of sacrifice that allowed oneself to be set on fire?
a. Self-deprivation c. Strappado
b. Self-immolation d. None of the Choices
5. Who was the Hindu woman in Tuslipar village who burned herself to death
on the funeral pyre of her husband?
a. Janakrani c. Jagruti
b. Jahnavi d. Jagvi

RECAP

Directions: Identify the negative effects of religion depicted in the following

pictures. Write your answer on the space provided.
 1. _________________________ 2. ___________________________

3.__________________________ 4. ____________________________

5. ___________________________ 6. ____________________________

LESSON

HISTORICAL EVENTS CAUSED BY RELIGION

In some regions in the world, religion has become very influential
in almost every aspect of human activity—from personal routines to
diplomatic relations. Here are some of the historical events that are caused
by religion.

SELF-IMMOLATION OF A BUDDHIST MONK IN VIETNAM

Self-immolation, or the killing of oneself as a form of sacrifice,
originally referred to as the act of setting oneself on fire. It is used as
a form of political protest or martyrdom. The case of self-immolation
reported by the Western media was that of a Buddhist monk named Thich
Quang Duc in Vietnam in 1963, who set himself on fire in the middle of
a street in South Vietnam. This was done in protest against the religious
discrimination being experienced by the Buddhists in Vietnam by the Roman
Catholic regime of Ngo Dinh Diem.

In June of 1963, Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhist monk Thick Quang Duc

burned himself to death at a busy intersection in Saigon. (Photo source:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_%C4%90%E1%B
B%A9c)

WIDOW BURNING AMONG THE HINDUS IN INDIA

Sati, or the practice of self-immolation of a widow on her husband’s
funeral pyre, is said to have originated 700 years ago in India. It is believed to
have started among the ruling class or Rajput’s in India, when the Rajput
women burnt themselves to death after their men were defeated in battles to
avoid being taken by the conquerors. Later on, it has become a manifestation
of wifely devotion.

Sati (Photo source:

https://www.google.com/amp/s/theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/the-dark-
history-behind-sati-a-banned-funeral-custom-in-india/%3famp=1)

In 2006, a Hindu woman was reported to have committed Sati in

Tuslipar village in the central state of Madhya Pradesh. The woman, whose
name was Janakrani, was said to have burnt herself to death on the funeral
pyre of her husband Prem Narayan. According to the villagers, after the
cremation, the widow told them she had to attend to some work, but when
they went looking for her they found her dead on the pyre.

The funeral pyre where Janakrani committed sati (Photo source:

https://www.voatibetanenglish.com/a/175391/p3.html)

THE INQUISITION
Inquisition refers to the Roman Catholic Church groups charged with
subduing heresy from around 1184, which includes the Episcopal
Inquisition (11841230s) and the Papal Inquisition (1230s). The Inquisition
was a response to large popular movements in Europe considered heretical
or profane to Christianity.

Spanish and Roman Inquisition (Photo source:

http://epicworldhistory.blogspot.com/2012/06/spanish-and-roman-
inquisitions.html?m=1)

The word “inquisition,” has somehow become associated with the

word “torture.” This is because after 1252, torture was used to punish
the heretics. On May 15, a papal bull was issued by Pope Innocent IV,
the Ad exstirpanda, which authorized the use of torture by inquisitors. One
common form of torture was the strappado, wherein the hands were bound
behind the back with a rope, and the accused was suspended this way,
dislocating the joints painfully in both arms.
Strappado (Photo source:
https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/1011186/view/the-strappado)

THE GODHRA TRAIN INCIDENT IN 2002

In February 2002, a train was set on fire in which 59 people,
including 25 women and 15 children, were killed. The fire happened
inside the Sabarmati Express train near the Godhra railway station in
the Indian state of Gujarat. Those who died inside the train were mostly
Hindu pilgrims and activists returning from the holy city of Ayodhya after
a religious ceremony at the disputed Babri Masjid site. It took six years for
the commission appointed to investigate the said incident to conclude
that the fire was committed by a mob of 1000-2000 people.
Hindus accuse the Muslims of demolishing a previous Hindu temple
on the site to create the Babri mosque, which was destroyed by radical
Hindu activists during a political rally that turned into a riot on December
6, 1992. The Godhra train incident in 2002 was seen as a Muslim
retaliation for the demolition of the Babri mosque in 1992.

(Photo source: https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-

states/godhra-train-burning-case-two-sentenced-to-life-three-acquitted/article24790846.ece/amp/)
 ACTIVITY

Directions. True or False: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if it is not. Write your answer on the space provided.

_______________1. A papal bull, the Ad exstirpanda was issued by Pope

Innocent IV which authorized the use of torture by inquisitors.
_______________2. Jati refers to the practice of self-immolation of a widow on
her husband’s funeral pyre.
_______________3. A Buddhist monk named Thich Quang Duc set himself on
fire as a protest against the religious discrimination being
experienced by the Buddhists in Vietnam.
_______________4. Strappado refers to a torture wherein the accused will be
strapped onto a chair which contains hundreds of sharp
spikes.
_______________5. The Godhra train incident in 2002 was seen as a Muslim
retaliation for the demolition of the Babri mosque in 1992.
_______________6. The Inquisition was a response to large popular movements
in Europe considered heretical or profane to Christianity.
_______________7. Self-immolation or the killing of oneself as a form of
sacrifice, originally referred to as the act of setting oneself
on fire.
_______________8. Politics and economics play a key role in religious conflicts.
_______________9. The Babri Masjid was destroyed by the Muslim activities
which eventually led into a peaceful pact.
_______________10. Thich Quang Duc’s self-immolation led to the overthrowing
of Diem’s government and his assassination.

WRAP – UP

In this module, you have learned how religion can bring conflicts and
discussions among groups of people. These includes the self-immolation of a
Buddhist monk in Vietnam, a widow who burnt herself on the funeral pyre of
her husband, the Inquisition and the Godhra train incident which took place
in 2002. Aside from the incidents mentioned in our discussion, cite current
situations or conflicts caused by religion, give at least three and explain.
1. ______________
2. ______________
3. ______________
 VALUING
We all know that religion can be at the same time bring positive and
negative effects to the society. These effects then may result into atrocities or
conflicts between and among different religious groups or organizations. In
your own way, how can you show importance or respect to other peoples’
belief to avoid such conflicts to transpire? Write your answer in your journal
notebook.

POST TEST

Directions: Read and analyze the following statements. Determine the person
being described by the statement below and encircle the letter of the correct
answer.

1. He was the Buddhist monk who set himself on fire in the middle of a
street in South Vietnam as a protest against the religious discrimination
being experienced by the Buddhists.
a. Thick Quang Duc c. Thick Quang Do
b. Thick Huyen Quang d. U Thant

2. It was during his Roman Catholic regime in Vietnam where the minority
Catholics enjoyed majority status and privileges while prohibiting the majority
of Buddhist to perform their religious rituals.
a. Ngo Dinh Diem c. Ngo Dinh Nhu
b. Nguyen Phu Trong d. Nguyen Van Thieu

3. It was a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to
combat heresy.
a. Conquistador c. Visitador
b. Inquisition d. None of the choices

4. Who was the Pope who issued the papal bull Ad exstirpanda which
authorized the use of torture by inquisitors?
a. Pope Innocent the IV c. Pope Alexander IV
b. Pope Gregory IX d. Pope Innocent the VIII

5. It was an incident seen as a Muslim retaliation for the demolition of the

Babri Mosque in 1992 and killed 59 people.
a. Godhra Train Incident c. Kashmir Violence
b. Godhra Riot d. Gujarat Riot
 90%E1%BB%A9c
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_%C4%
from retrieved 2020, 28, May Accessed Duc” Quang “Thich
Table & Picture
Systems. Quezon City: VIBAL Group, Inc.
Ong, Jerome & Mary Dorothy. 2016. Introduction to World Religion and Belief
Book
R E F E R E N CE S
PRE-TEST
1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A
RECAP
1. Religion impedes scientific success and development
2. Religion obstructs the use of reason
3. Religion causes discrimination
4. Religion triggers conflicts and fights
5. Religion as an economic tool for exploiting the masses
6. Religion affirms social hierarchy
ACTIVITY
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE
6. TRUE
7. TRUE
8. TRUE
9. FALSE
10. TRUE
KEY TO CORRECTION
“History Behind Sati” Accessed May 28, 2020, retrieved from
https://www.google.com/amp/s/theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/th
e-dark-history-behind-sati-a-banned-funeral-custom-in-india/%3famp=1

“Spanish and Roman Inquisition” Accessed May 28, 2020, retrieved from
http://epicworldhistory.blogspot.com/2012/06/spanish-and-roman-
inquisitions.html?m=1

“Janak Rani’s Immolation” Accessed May 28, 2020, retrieved from

https://www.voatibetanenglish.com/a/175391/p3.html

“The Godhra Train Burning Case” Accessed May 28, 2020, retrieved from
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-
states/godhra-train-burning-case-two-sentenced-to-life-three-
acquitted/article24790846.ece/amp/

“The Strappado” Accessed May 28, 2020, retrieved from

https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/1011186/view/the-strappado