NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY

AEP DEPARTMENT
---🙠🕮🙢---

GROUP ASSIGNMENT 1
MODULE: DESTINATION MANEGEMENT

TOPIC: Compare tourism development strategy and master

plan of Vietnam and China

Teacher: Dr.Hoang Thu Huong

Student‘s group: 4
Class: Travel Manegement 60

HANOI, 28/08/2021
Work assignment sheet
 NUMBE FULL NAME ID CONTENTS
R STUDENT
1 Trần Quốc Thắng 11184421 Compare tourism development
(Leader) strategy and master plan of
Vietnam and China, content
control
2 Nguyễn Thị Ngọc 11185285 Compare tourism development
Trinh strategy and master plan of
Vietnam and China
3 Trịnh Thị Thuý Kiều 11182480 Resource of Vietnam and China
tourism
4 Vũ Thu Hằng 11181564 Related and supporting industries
5 Quan Nguyễn Thảo 11185644 Tourism industry
Vy
6 Trần Thành Bắc 11180624 Current strategies and developing
strategies in the future
7 Trần Thị Hằng Nga 11183528 Mission, Vision, Goals and
Actions
8 Nguyễn Khánh Quân 11184151 SWORT and competitors
9 Nguyễn Thị Dung 11181034 Market research
10 Đỗ Phương Linh 11182636 Word and content control
11 Trần Hương Thảo 11184632 Powerpoint

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. General tourism introduction (Vietnam and China) 4
 1.1.Market in Vietnam and China 4
1.1.1. Market trends 4
1.1.2. Target market 4
1.1.3. Volume and spend 4
1.1.4. Seasonality 12
1.1.5. Growth in source / country 13
1.2. Tourism resources 15
1.2.1.Destination’s unique resources 15
1.2.2.Destination’s core competencies/capabilities 19
1.3. Industry 23
1.3.1.Economy 23
1.3.2. Relationships 27
1.3.3. Organization 28
1.3.4. Funding 30
1.4. Related and supporting industries 31
1.4.1.Public services : Public transportation 31
1.4.2.Financial services 34
1.4.3.Retail 35
1.4.4.Construction 37
1.4.5.Manufacturing suppliers 38
1.5. SWOT and competitors 42
1.6. Mission, Vision, Goals and Actions 62
2. Current strategies and developing strategies in the future 67
2.1.Strategy for Vietnam's tourism development to 2030 67
2.1.1. TARGET 67
2.1.2. SOLUTION 68
2.1.3.KEY MISSIONS, BREAKING 73
2.2. China's tourism development strategy to 2030 75
2.2.1.Strategies are built according to the following principles 77
2.2.2.Overview of the strategy system 78
3. Compare tourism development strategy and master plan of Vietnam and China 80

1. General tourism introduction (Vietnam and China)

1.1.Market in Vietnam and China

1.1.1. Market trends

Vietnam and China
Demand consistency and Sustainable tourism
fluctuations
Price sensitivity Diverse and flexible
Sales and reservation internet, agencies, tour operator, mobile app, website
channels
Market preferences sightseeing, culture, cuisine, MICE, etc

1.1.2. Target market

During the time of the worldwide COVID-19 epidemic, the tourism industry was badly
damaged in every country including Vietnam and China. The tourism industries of the
two countries both focus on the domestic tourist market during this time right after the
domestic epidemic is well controlled. Specifically, the amount of money spent on
domestic tourists segment in both countries is in the medium and high range, the age of
traveling the most is from 22 to 45 years old. In Vietnam, domestic tourists are
psychologically interested in travelling, preferring relaxation, discovery, spiritual tourism,
etc., while Chinese people are quite interested in some new types of tourism (smart
tourism). especially young people, besides traditional forms of tourism such as culture,
convalescence, etc. Tourists who travel during the epidemic period have a new habit of
choosing quiet and less crowded places to avoid the spread of the disease, while paying
much attention to the inland green areas in the country. Therefore, the government's
solutions for safe tourism mapping, green areas as well as the cooperation of tourism
businesses and hotels to create a safe environment are the highlights to promote and
stimulate the development of tourism. domestic travel demand

1.1.3.Volume and spend

1.1.3.1. Volume
 In Vietnam
 Number of domestic tourist arrivals in Vietnam 2010-2019 (in: millions)
(Source: Statista)
In 2019, Vietnam recorded over 144 million domestic tourist arrivals. The number of
domestic tourist arrivals had been increasing fast year on year. Domestic tourism had a
growing importance in the tourism sector of Vietnam. In 2020, due to the impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic and related travel restrictions, domestic tourists were expected to
dominate the travel market in Vietnam.
Number of international visitor arrivals in Vietnam from 2016 to 2020(in millions)
(Source: Statista)
In 2020, the total number of international visitor arrivals to Vietnam reached
approximately 3.83 million. In the year before, Vietnam welcomed 18 million
international arrivals, a record number for the country, following year-on-year growth in
visitor numbers since 2016 to 2019. However, due to the impact of the COVID-19
pandemic and related travel restrictions, Vietnam experienced a sharp decrease in visitor
arrivals from abroad in 2020.
Top of international tourists travel in Vietnam from 2016 to 2020 (Source: General
Statistics Office of Vietnam)
China and Korea always lead the countries with the most international tourists to
Vietnam. In 2020, due to the severe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of
international visitors to Vietnam has decreased significantly. For example, Japanese
tourists from 3rd place to 4th place in 2020
 In China

Inbound tourist arrivals and growth rate in China from 2011 to 2018 (Source: Ministry of
Culture and Tourism of People's Republic of China)
Although there was a slight decrease in 2012 and 2013, from 2014 to 2018, there was an
increase in the number of inbound visitors to China
Number of domestic vs. inbound tourist arrivals in China during 2004-2018. (Source: the
National Bureau of Statistics of China)
In contrast to inbound tourists, whose fluctuations are quite slight, domestic tourists have
increased significantly, especially in the period 2011 to 2018.
Top international tourists travel in China from 2013 to 2018 (Source: Ministry of Culture
and Tourism of People's Republic of China)
Although there has been a decline in the past 4 years, Hong Kong is still the country with
the largest number of international tourists to China. Next is Macau and Taiwan, the
number of international tourists to China of these two countries is increasing gradually
over the years
1.1.3.2. Spending
 In Vietnam

Average daily expenditure of international tourists in Vietnam from 2005 to 2019

(Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam)
In 2019, a foreign tourist spent an average of around 117.8 U.S. dollars per day when
traveling in Vietnam, which demonstrated a slight increase in expenditure compared to
2017. In general, international tourists tended to spend more in Vietnam over the years,
from 2005 to 2019. Despite the increasing trend, the spending of tourists to Vietnam is
still low compared to other countries in the region and the world.
Average daily expenditure of domestic tourists in Vietnam from 2005 to 2020
(Source: Statista, General Statistics Office of Vietnam)
In 2020, a Vietnamese tourist spent an average of around 1.15 million Vietnamese dong
per day when traveling domestically, which demonstrated a slight increase from the year
before. The average daily spending of a domestic tourist in 2020 was more than double ,
compared to the amount recorded in 2005

 In China
Average daily per capita expenditure by overseas tourists in China in 2017, by region (in
U.S. dollars per night)
(Source: Statistia)
This statistic shows the average daily per capita expenditure by overseas tourists in China
in 2017, by region of stay. That year, an international tourist on average spent around 281
U.S. dollars per night in Shanghai. The expenditures of international tourism to China is
around 200 USD. They are good statistics because of the development of tourism in
China.
 Per capita expenses of domestic tourists in China from 2009 to 2019  (in yuan)
(Sources: CNTA; Ministry of Public Security China; National Bureau of Statistics of
China)
This statistic shows the per capita expenses of domestic tourists in China from 2009 to
2019. The data include all expenses of Chinese tourists in China during their trip, e.g. for
transport, sightseeing, accommodation, food, shopping and entertainment. In 2019,
domestic tourists in China spent nearly 953.3 yuan per capita.
1.1.4. Seasonality
 In Vietnam
High season: July & August Best time to go for beach lovers July and August are the
busiest months to visit Vietnam, with prices increasing by up to 50% by the coast; book
hotels well in advance. The whole country, except the far north, is hot and humid,
punctuated by spectacular summer monsoon downpours.
 In China
July and August is the peak travel season here in China, mostly because everybody is off
from school all over the world. It’s not always the best time to visit, however. Places like
Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu and Xi’an are all crazy hot, unbelievably humid and often
just plain uncomfortable. The April and May, the fall season (September and October) is
another excellent time to visit China. Places like Xinjiang, which are normally blazing hot
in the summer and still a bit too cold in spring, are in perfect season. The same goes for
Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong and all of the other major tourist cities.
1.1.5. Growth in source / country
 Vietnam

Ranking of priority index groups for Vietnam's tourism industry 2019

 (Source: World Economic Forum)
Although Vietnam is always in the world's leading group in the Timely Level of
Monthly/Quarterly Travel Information, the Government Spending Index for Tourism and
the Comprehensive Index of Annual Tourism Statistics data are always in the last group,
according to the WEF Report 2019 ranked 118/140 and 112/140 economies, respectively.
 China
China is by far the largest Tourism and Travel economy in Asia-Pacific and the 13th most
competitive globally (up two spots from 2017). It welcomes more international visitors
than any other country in the region and its Tourism and Travel industry benefits from a
large and growing domestic market. However, given China’s future tourism potential and
needs, more investment needs to be diverted to enhancing the quality of roads (42nd),
airports (53rd) and ports (55th).
Comparatively low and declining prioritization of Tourism and Travel (50th to 66th),).
Further, despite improvement, China still scores low for environmental sustainability
(120th).
 T&T Competitiveness Index 2019 Overall Rankings (Source: World Economic Forum)

1.2. Tourism resources

1.2.1.Destination’s unique resources

 Viet Nam
Natural, historical and cultural geographical conditions have created for Vietnam a rich
and diverse tourism potential. Vietnam has a long coastline, many forests, mountains with
beautiful caves, many ancient architectural works and many special festivals.
 Tangible resources
Vietnam has a coastline of 3,260 km, with 125 beaches, most of which are very beautiful
and convenient for tourism that not all countries have. Famous beaches from North to
South include Tra Co, Ha Long, Do Son, Cat Ba, Sam Son, Cua Lo, Thien Cam, Lang Co,
Da Nang, Nha Trang, Ca Na, Mui Ne, Vung Tau, Ha Tien, Phu Quoc…
As a country in the tropics, but Vietnam has many mountain resorts with temperate
appearance like small cities in Europe such as Sapa, Tam Dao, Bach Ma, Ba Na, Da Lat...
In addition, Vietnam also owns many areas of melaleuca and bird sanctuary, many
famous national forests with rich collections of tropical flora and fauna such as: Cuc
Phuong National Park in Ninh Binh, National Park Cat Ba in Hai Phong, Con Dao
National Park in Ba Ria-Vung Tau...
Vietnam currently has 8 World Heritage Sites recognized by UNESCO. Among them are
5 Cultural Heritage, 2 Natural Heritage and 1 Mixed Heritage.
 2 Natural heritages include: Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park, Ha Long Bay.
 5 Cultural heritages are: Complex of Hue Monuments, Hoi An Ancient Town, My
Son Sanctuary, Central Monuments of Thang Long Imperial Citadel and Ho
Dynasty Citadel.
 1 Mixed Heritage: Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex is the first and only
Mixed Heritage in Vietnam and Southeast Asia, and one of the few 38 Mixed
Heritage Sites recognized by UNESCO.
Accommodation of tourist destinations in Vietnam is also increasingly rich and diverse
from forms such as hotels, homestays, villages, motels with different prices. Along with
that is the convenience of traveling between tourist destinations in Vietnam when there
are full means of land, air and water transport.
 Intangible resource
With a history of 4,000 years, Vietnam still retains many valuable architectural
monuments in which many unique ancient relics with their original appearance are
preserved such as One Pillar Pagoda, Kim Lien Pagoda, West Pagoda. Phuong, Tay Dang
and Chu Quyen Dinh (Hanoi), Pho Minh Tower (Nam Dinh), Keo Pagoda (Thai Binh),
But Thap and Dinh Bang Pagoda (Bac Ninh), Thap Cham (Central coastal provinces) and
Hue royal architecture.
Vietnam is considered as one of the countries with the most diverse, unique, unique and
rich culture. Because Vietnam has 54 ethnic groups, each ethnic group has many festivals,
customs, practices, performing arts, traditional craft villages, culinary culture, traditional
costumes ... have become and are becoming important tourism resources.
Vietnam currently has 13 intangible cultural heritages inscribed by UNESCO in the list of
intangible cultural heritages representing humanity and in urgent need of protection, such
as Hat Then (the Choang, Tay, Nung ethnic minorities), Vietnamese Mother Goddess
Worship, Folk Songs (Vi dam) of Nghe Tinh, etc.
 Human
According to the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, in 2019, the tourism
industry created 2.9 million jobs, including 927 thousand direct jobs.
Human resources Vietnam tourism has made great progress in both quantity and structure
of human resources, professionalism has been enhanced, adapted the needs of industry
development better. Vietnam's tourism has benefited from resources from many countries
around the world through development aid funds for training high-quality human
resources such as Japan, Australia, etc., investing in facilities and human resources such
as the Luxembourg Project, the EU - ESRT Project, the Asian Development Bank (ADB)
project...
 Financial
Vietnam's tourism industry has mobilized, exploited and promoted capital resources
through specific methods: increased investment in the form of national action programs,
tourism years, including the focus centralize investment in synchronous development
planning, investment in infrastructure, technical facilities, tourism services and
implementation of promotion activities for the region or locality according to each topic;
attracting foreign investment capital through direct investment FDI sources, ODA
development aid capital sources. Many tourist resorts, high-class hotels, high-class resorts
(resorts), many international travel agencies are invested and exploited effectively. A
number of major tourism brands such as Accor, Sheraton, Hilton, Prince, Nikko... from
major tourism powers have invested in Vietnam, thereby, the appearance of tourism
facilities in Vietnam changed. Many tourism business establishments with international
quality standards have been operated and gradually improved the quality of Vietnam's
tourism products.
In addition, the method of socialization in mobilizing financial resources has been
implemented in the previous period; enterprises have actively participated in investment
planning and development of tourism resources and products of the industry and locality.
 Overall assessment:
Heritage is the most important resource of Vietnam's tourism, include tangible and
intangible resources. The richness and attractiveness of Vietnam's heritages, especially the
natural heritages and long-standing cultural heritages, are the basis for attracting domestic
and international tourists.

 China
China is a vast land, rich in tourism resources. It features scenic and historical sites,
breathtaking landscapes, and diverse and colorful ethnic customs. China encompasses a
great diversity of landscapes and a variety of natural resources and corresponding
climates.
 Tangible resources
Visitors to China are attracted by the green mountains and meandering rivers south of the
Yangtze River, and the grasslands and jungles of Northern China.
Over the past five decades since the founding of the People's Republic, the Chinese
government has devoted much effort to the protection and development of natural
landscapes and cultural relics. Since the State Council examined and published the first
list of national-level scenic tourist areas in 1982, China has formed a complete national
integrated network of resorts. scenic spots at provincial and city (district) levels. By 1998,
the State Council had announced 119 national scenic tourist areas in three lists; and
China's scenic resorts of different levels have a total of 512, an area of about 96,000
square kilometers.
China is the second country in the world in terms of the number of cultural heritages
recognized by UNESCO with nearly 50 diverse types of cultural heritage. Some World
Heritage Sites in China: The Great Wall (1987), Mount Taishan (1987), Tomb of
Emperor First Qin (1987), Mount Huangshan (1990),…
Accommodation facilities of Chinese tourists are extremely diverse, many forms are still
very new compared to other countries and also divided into many types with many similar
prices. It is also fully equipped by air, waterway, road with current means, easy to move
between tourist destinations extremely quickly.
 Intangible resource
China is home to one of the world's four great civilizations. Its 7000-year history has left
behind countless cultural monuments and historical scenic spots that stretch across the
vast country.
Chinese civilization has nurtured a brilliant culture and art. Music, dance, opera, martial
arts, calligraphy, painting, carving, silk weaving, porcelain making, cuisine, architecture...
all have unique and attractive Chinese flavors.
China is a big family of 56 ethnic groups. The music, dance and opera of China, the
culture and customs of the ethnic minorities are treasures of tourism resources.
China has 36 famous intangible cultural heritages such as the New Year of the Jiang
people, Songs of the Dong ethnic group, and Tibetan opera, etc.
 Human
Human resources here are very trained in skills, knowledge and attitudes in a thoughtful
way.
According to the "Culture and Tourism Development Statistical Bulletin of 2019" of the
Ministry of Culture and Tourism, by the end of 2019, the whole country had 350,500
cultural and tourism units of all kinds included in the statistics, with the total number of
employees is 5.161 million people, of which there are 66,775 units under the Department
of Culture and Tourism at all levels, down 60 people; the number of employees is
694,900 people, an increase of 24,300 people.
 Financial
In 2017, the National Tourism Administration approved the establishment of a "China
Tourism Industry Fund" approved by the State Council, which is understood to be the
total size of the fund set at 30-50 billion yuan. , and the first stage is 10 billion. Yuan
Guozihao Fund. With the increasing demand for investment and financing in the tourism
industry, there are frequent reports of the establishment of tourism sector funds in many
provinces (autonomous regions and regions). centrally run cities) in China. According to
statistics in 2017, at least 20 provinces have established provincial tourism sector funds,
taking advantage of large social capital sources and promoting the transformation and
upgrading of the tourism industry.
 Overall assessment :
The diversity in the natural heritages as well as the long-standing cultural heritages
created by the rich history are extremely important resource that creates the attractiveness
of China's tourism.

1.2.2.Destination’s core competencies/capabilities

 Vietnam
 Management
The ability to exploit resources and develop tourism products is still limited and weak, not
commensurate with the inherent potential and strengths. Human resources in many
destinations are still lacking and weak; tourism enterprises are mainly small and medium
enterprises; The role of the community in tourism development has not been promoted.
The strategy to develop the guest market is unclear, unscientific, and insensitive to
economic and political fluctuations, so when there were developments, it was not
proactive and did not fully anticipate the impact on the guest market. ; business strategies
of travel companies are not sustainable and long-term in terms of the international tourist
market, which is still passively dependent on a few large tourist markets; The domestic
tourism stimulus has not been effective, the competitiveness is still low because the policy
system, the management role, the capacity of the team has not met the requirements, ...
due to inefficient inter-sectoral coordination has not yet effective; roles and
responsibilities of all levels and branches from central to local levels have not been fully
promoted; awareness of tourism development has not met development requirements;
Tourism investment is still limited and has not brought the desired effect.
 Marketing
In recent years, Vietnam's tourism is on the rise, the number of international visitors as
well as domestic tourists is increasing. Vietnam tourism is more and more known in the
world, many domestic destinations are voted as the favorite addresses of international
tourists. In addition, the number of Vietnam's world heritage systems recognized by
UNESCO is continuously increasing in number, which is the focus in the practice of
building products and attracting tourists. The outstanding products and values of
Vietnamese destinations are gradually formed and positioned in the target tourist markets.
National tourist zones, attractions and tourist cities are important highlights in the
formation of tourism products oriented for development in the Tourism Development
Strategy.
Although tourism products in general are not highly competitive but the promotion of
Vietnamese destinations is now at a very favorable time. The Vietnamese brand is being
affirmed and increasingly polished and enhanced. Vietnam is emerging as an attractive,
safe destination in the region.
In just a short time, the industry has promoted promotion on Facebook, TikTok,
Instagram... especially Facebook, within 1 month (August 2020), has reached more than 1
million users.
 Operations, Technology
In the field of tourism, the use of green - clean technology for sustainable development
has begun to be widely used in Vietnam today. The green hotel model is and will be
expanded across the country. The use of information technology in tourism development,
especially the use of information technology in marketing, tourism promotion and
promotion, is widely used through electronic information sites, informational publications
travel news. Besides, many businesses have used e-marketing to organize their business
and this form is widely deployed in Vietnam.
Hanoi has put into operation the system of accounts on social networks, call center for
information, consulting and answering tourism 1800556896 to help tourists more
convenient in accessing information and images of products travel. This is considered a
breakthrough in ensuring the tourism environment, market development orientation as
well as receiving direct information from visitors.
Hanoi has also put into use two smart utility software to support visitors, including an
automatic narration system at the Temple of Literature - Quoc Tu Giam and a tour guide
software for the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long; A number of other utilities about maps,
route finding, bus stations, and travel guides have also been researched, produced and put
into use for a long time.
Along with Hanoi, over the years, HCMC. Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang and other
tourist destinations have also developed highly effective tourism technology. City. Ho Chi
Minh City also put into use a number of smart tourist information stations, smart tourism
software "Vibrant Ho Chi Minh city" and some other utility software such as "Sai Gon
Bus", "Ho Chi Minh City". City Travel Guide”, “Ho Chi Minh City Guide and Map”. Da
Nang is also one of the leading localities in the application of information and
communication technology to the tourism industry, developing a smart tourism model.
Besides the traditional room sales channel, the hotel has increased the use of OTAs
(Online Travel Agent) or online travel agents such as Agoda, Booking.com or Airbnb…
Through OTAs, Central Luxury has reached a large number of guests. 20 times more than
they reached on their own.
The leading tourism enterprises in Vietnam are promoting the application of modern
technology in the tourism business such as Vietravel, Saigontourist, Thien Minh Group,
Hanoitourist, Benthanhtourist... Online travel exchange (Tripi) allows transactions
Package tours, hotels and air tickets. Currently, there are more than 10 tourism trading
floors in Vietnam. These are important highlights of Vietnamese tourism businesses in
terms of accessibility and adaptation to smart tourism.
Compared to other countries in the world, Vietnam is a country with a limited level of
science and technology. Therefore, the research and production of technological products
applied to tourism is still limited.
 Innovation and Adaptability
In recent years, the tourism industry has made innovations, gradually developing material
and technical facilities, creating initial conditions to attract foreign tourists and overseas
Vietnamese to visit the country, introduce the country and its people. people and
quintessence of the Vietnamese nation with international friends; partly meet the needs of
domestic people for sightseeing, rest and entertainment, initially certain economic results
have been obtained.
The security, political, economic and social situation in the world has complicated
changes along with other global problems such as natural disasters, epidemics,
environmental pollution, climate change, etc. Great knowledge for the development of
tourism in Vietnam and improving the competitiveness of the tourism industry.
A number of policies related to tourism are still inadequate, have not promptly removed
difficulties for tourism businesses to improve competitiveness and attract tourists; The
safety and security for tourists is still not guaranteed…
 Overal assessment: The Destination’s core competencies/capabilities of Vietnam
may be the Innovation because Vietnam can adapt the the change of tourism,
especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam has come up with many
solutions to help the tourism industry develop such as focusing on domestic
tourists, reducing prices on some services, and so on. However, it is necessary to
further improve the effectiveness of tourism propaganda and promotion, create a
 good impression on tourists, and attract more and more international tourists to and
back to Vietnam.

 China
 Management
The Chinese government is always interested and has practical policies to promote
tourism development. On the occasion of Lunar New Year, International Labor Day 1-5,
National Day ... every year, China gives a full week off, called "Golden Week", to create
conditions for people to travel, buy goods. shop. These are “bumper” weeks for the travel
industry. In addition, the standardization and specialization of the staff, tour guides;
creation of legal corridors, improvements in the issuance of entry visas... have created an
important premise for the organization and attraction of visitors. It can be said that in
China, the tourism, service, trade, customs, transportation sectors... have found a common
voice and coordinated smoothly.
 Marketing Operations
Chinese netizens are among the most enthusiastic users of social media. And to boost
their social media visibility, brands create integrated campaigns involving travel Key
Opinion Leaders (KOLs), online and offline promotional strategies, games, and more.
play and contest for maximum effect. Social media is an ideal platform for brands to
establish long-term relationships with customers, developing strong loyalty marketing
programs that last beyond a single holiday.
The in-house team of software developers and systems engineers are experts at designing
and developing localized websites that attract tourists and are supported by a powerful
Content Management System and with 89 % of Chinese netizens are accessing the
Internet on their smartphones, the demand for mobile responsive design for websites and
campaigns is higher than ever.
China is a country that pays great attention to its image, so its tourism products are highly
aesthetic, and tourism promotion is always focused. Impressive and concise
advertisements such as: "Uniquely the Great Wall is not a Hao Han", or "The country of
Guilin is at the top of the world" ... which has been handed down for many years, has had
an impact on millions of tourists. schedule to China. However, its tourism products still
exist in the form of cheap prices that affect the quality.
 Technology
Virtual reality, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, Internet-plus - these terms have
gradually become familiar to people traveling in China. A variety of advanced
technologies have been innovatively applied in almost all areas of China's tourism
industry.
Technologies used at scenic spots: Technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented
reality (AR), and artificial intelligence (AI) allow tourists to enjoy immersive visual
experiences intellectual, immersive and interactive. More and more China's tourist
attractions, including theme parks, museums, galleries and even zoos, are adopting those
technologies to attract visitors. The Palace Museum is at the forefront of the use of these
technologies.
The latest technology, including artificial intelligence and intelligent robotics, has also
been used in some hotels. In August 2017, China's first artificial intelligence voice-
controlled hotel was opened in Hangzhou. It was developed by Fliggy, the travel brand of
Chinese tech giant Alibaba. By talking to a smart speaker in their hotel room, guests can
control the lighting, curtains and TV. They can also request information about things like
meal times, call room service, and order taxis.
Technology is used in transportation and beyond. High-tech transportation service offers
tourists in China a more enjoyable and efficient travel experience. The upgraded high-
speed rail network makes it possible for tourists to travel far away in less time and money.
And facial recognition systems are increasingly used at airports and train stations to speed
up security checks and ticket checks for travelers.
 Innovation and Adaptability
The rapid growth of tourism shows the need to evolve through innovation to improve
efficiency, sustainability, service quality, human resources, as well as destination
planning and management. In China, ground transportation, infrastructure is average, and
the country's tourism infrastructure is still underdeveloped, with few hotel rooms
available.
The country of China has a Tourism Administration that was established as a tourism
branch government in 1982 and since then tourism research and innovation have begun to
flourish.
 Overall assessment: China is one of the leading countries in technology, so perhaps
technology is the Destination's core competencies/capabilities of China. With
diverse facilities such as booking, payment, modern means of transportation, etc.,
especially the use of robots in tourism, contributes a lot in attracting tourists to
China. Country to experience special facilities and services

1.3. Industry

1.3.1.Economy

 In Vietnam
Regarding international tourists, if in 1990 there were only 250,000 international arrivals
to Vietnam, then only 5 years later it has increased more than 4 times, reaching over 1.3
million; reached the milestone of 5 million visits in 2010 and more than 18 million turns
in 2019 – an increase of 72 times compared to 1990. The annual growth rate usually
reaches double digits, especially in the period 2015-2019 reaching 22.7 % per year -
ranked among the highest in the world by the World Tourism Organization.

Domestic tourists increased 85 times from 1 million in 1990 to 85 million in 2019. Along
with the development of the country in the period of opening up and international
integration, Vietnamese people's lives are increasingly improved, the demand and ability
to travel is increasing, contributing to improving the spiritual life and promoting
economic activities in the country.

International tourists to Vietnam, period 1990-2019 (thousand turns) (Source:

Synthesized from data from the General Statistics Office)

Along with the increasing number of international and domestic tourists, tourism brings
an increasing source of income to the economy. Tourism activities attract the participation
of all economic sectors and people from all walks of life, bringing income not only to
those directly engaged in tourism business but also indirectly to related industries and
exports. locally and generate income for local communities.
Domestic tourists, period 1990-2019 (thousand turns) (Source: Vietnam National
Administration of Tourism)

In 1990, the total revenue from tourism only reached VND 1,340 billion, by 2019, that
figure will be VND 755,000 billion (equivalent to USD 32.8 billion), of which the total
revenue from international tourists will reach VND 421,000 billion. 18.3 billion USD),
total revenue from domestic tourists reached 334 trillion VND (14.5 billion USD).
Total revenue from tourists, period 1990-2019 (VND billion) (Source: Vietnam National
Administration of Tourism)

Tourism's direct contribution to GDP is also increasing. 2015 reached 6.3%; 2016: 6.9%;
2017: 7.9%; in 2018: 8.3% and in 2019: 9.2%. According to the Vietnam National
Administration of Tourism (TCDL), in 2019, the tourism industry contributed over 9.2%
to the country's GDP; created 2.9 million jobs, including 927 thousand direct jobs.
Generally, in the period 2015-2019, the tourism industry achieved a high growth rate of
22.7%. Tourism is gradually moving towards becoming a spearhead economic sector
according to the target of Resolution 08-NQ/TW dated January 16, 2017 of the Politburo.

Figure 4: Direct contribution of tourism to GDP (%) (Source: Vietnam National

Administration of Tourism)

 In China

The GDP from travel and tourism accounted for 14,594.1 billion yuan making the direct
contribution of this industry to global GDP equal to 1.8%, lower than the average 7.0%
recorded in the most important western countries, but relevant at all if regarded in the
framework of the global evolution of Chinese tourism since the opening policy. From the
same source, 2017 China’s household disposable income accounted for 36,105.9 billion
yuan, whereas the household income from tourism accounted for 2,513.2 billion
international US$, obtained by summing 1,234.2 billion international US$from inbound
tourism based on foreign exchanges to 45,660.8 100 million yuan, equivalent to 1,279.0
international US$. Thus, the direct contribution to household disposable income
accounted for 7.0%, a very high figure. Both these percentages witness the importance of
tourism on the China’s macroeconomic framework.

In 2019, the contribution of China's travel and tourism industry to GDP amounted to 9.3
percent, down from eleven percent compared to the previous year. South Korea, Japan
and Russia were among the top countries of origin in China's inbound tourism industry.

In 2019, the comprehensive contribution of tourism to China's GDP reached 10.94 trillion
yuan (2.61 trillion PPP US dollars), accounting for approximately 11.05% of China's total
GDP7, while the contribution rate of developed countries is between 5–9%.

1.3.2. Relationships

 In Vietnam

Tourism development has contributed to increasing the proportion of tourism in the

service sector. Where tourism develops, the appearance of urban and rural areas is
embellished, cleaner and more beautiful, people's lives are significantly improved such as
Sa Pa (Lao Cai), Ha Long (Quang Ninh), Cat Ba (Hai Phong), Sam Son (Thanh Hoa),
Cua Lo (Nghe An), Hue (Thua Thien-Hue), Da Nang, Hoi An (Quang Nam), Nha Trang
(Khanh Hoa), Mui Ne (Phan Thiet) , Mekong Delta region and many other localities.

The development of tourism activities increases the local consumption of goods and
services, promoting the development of other industries; restore many traditional festivals
and crafts; contributing to promoting economic restructuring of the whole country and
each locality, increasing incomes, eradicating hunger

Tourism activities have created additional revenue to embellish and restore relics and
heritages and raise awareness and responsibility for preserving and developing tangible
and intangible cultural heritages; restoring festivals, traditional craft villages, transmitting
cultural values to all classes of people and international friends... creating more attractions
to attract tourists.

 In China

Goods and services are consumed more strongly, promoting other industries to develop,
increasing incomes, eradicating poverty and getting rich, creating millions of direct and
indirect jobs for many classes of the population. especially young adults and women;
expand exchanges between regions and regions at home and abroad.

Through tourism, other socio-economic sectors also develop; opening more markets for
goods and services for other industries, promoting trade activities and bringing high
efficiency in the form of on-the-spot export through tourism. Trade, agriculture, fisheries,
transportation, construction, telecommunications... thanks to tourism development, over
the years, it has gained more momentum for development, contributing to changing the
face of the economy - society.

1.3.3. Organization
 In Vietnam

In 1981, Vietnam Tourism became a member of the World Tourism Organization

(UNWTO). In 1989, it was a member of the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA).
With the policy of making tourism an important economic sector in the general economic
structure of the country, the Government of Vietnam has approved the master plan for
tourism development of the country. International cooperation, promotion, propaganda
and advertising on tourism are focused. Vietnam has signed 12 tourism cooperation
agreements with Southeast Asian countries, with China, France, Ubekistan, Israel and is
preparing to sign with a number of other countries. Many Vietnamese tourism enterprises
participate in PATA, JATA, ASTA and have business relations with 800 enterprises of
over 50 countries. There are over 80 international tour operators in the country. The
number and quality of hotels in recent years have increased significantly. To meet the
increasing needs of visitors, Vietnam Tourism has mobilized domestic and foreign
resources to develop technical facilities, especially the construction of hotels and
restaurants, serving 8.9 million guests. international and 25 million domestic tourists.
Many tourism cooperation projects with foreign countries are being implemented.

General Department of Tourism

The Vietnam National Administration of Tourism is an agency directly under the Ministry
of Culture, Sports and Tourism, performing the function of advising and assisting the
Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism in state management and implementation enforce
the law on tourism nationwide, manage public services in tourism in accordance with the
law.

The Vietnam National Administration of Tourism has legal status, seals with the national
emblem, has its own account at the State Treasury and is headquartered in Hanoi.

Vietnam Tourism Association

Established in 2003, Vietnam Tourism Association has the purpose of helping businesses
operating in the field of travel, market orientation, linkage, mutual support in economic,
technical, and tourism branding. Viet Nam's calendar. In addition, the Association also
participates in regulating the travel market, ensuring healthy competition between
businesses. Not only is it a social organization, the Vietnam Tourism Association also has
the right to organize business activities, establish training centers and travel services.

In terms of organization, up to now, Vietnam Tourism Association has:

- 6 associations and associations, including: Vietnam Travel Association, Vietnam Hotel

Association, Vietnam Tourism Training Association, Association Vietnam Golf Tour,
Vietnam Tour Guide Association, Vietnam Chef Association.

- Vietnam tourism training and consulting center

- Vietnam Small and Medium Tourism Business Forum (VTF)

- Community Tourism Association (VCTC)

- Vietnam Traveler Magazine - Vietnam

Tennis Federation

- Vietnam Tourism Association currently has 52 members Member is the Tourism

Association of provinces and cities throughout the country, including major tourist centers
such as Hanoi capital, Ho Chi Minh City. Ho Chi Minh City, Hai Phong, Quang Ninh,
Phu Tho, Ninh Binh, Thanh Hoa, Quang Binh, Nghe An, Thua Thien – Hue,… with
thousands of different associations, branches and clubs with nearly 6000 businesses and
individuals doing business in the fields of travel, tourist accommodation, transportation,
fairs-advertising , tourism information technology, restaurants, craft villages, amusement
parks, ...

 In China

*The China National Tourism Administration (CNTA) was a Chinese government

authority responsible for the development of tourism in the country. The CNTA was
subordinate to the State Council. Its headquarters are in Beijing, with regional branches in
various provinces.[1] The predecessor was the China Travel and Tourism Administration
(later renamed the China Travel and Tourism Administration) established in 1964. It was
once an agency directly under the State Council in charge of tourism.

CNTA does not have the authority of a full department within the Chinese government to
enforce regulations, but in other respects it acts as a ministry. Provincial CNTA offices in
each Chinese province report to the central office in Beijing. CNTA has eighteen overseas
offices called CNTO (China National Tourism Offices) that are charged with promoting
tourism to China. In Europe, there are CNTO offices in London and Paris.

CNTA is unique as a tourism office in that it is also responsible for controlling the
outflow of tourists from China abroad.

China Tourism Association is a Chinese industry association affiliated with China

National Tourism Administration. The Chinese tourism industry is jointly represented by
the China Tourism Association and the National Travel Trade Association. It runs a
subordinate educational organisation, the China Tourism Education, associating the
tertiary and secondary education providers who offers tourism-related courses in China.

1.3.4. Funding
 In Vietnam

Before 2019, each year Vietnam invested about 2 million USD for tourism promotion.
This is a very small number compared to several tens of millions of dollars invested in
promoting Vietnam's tourism. In early 2019, the Tourism Development Support Fund
started operating and is expected to contribute to removing the "bottleneck" of investment
capital for tourism development and promotion in Vietnam.

This is an off-budget state financial fund, operating under the model of a one-member
limited liability company in which 100% of charter capital is held by the state (charter
capital is VND 300 billion), the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism is the
representative of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. owner's representative.
However, up to now, the Fund has not really promoted in practice.
  In China

China Government Expenditure: Fund: Tourism Development Fund data was reported at
1,662.000 RMB in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,031.000
RMB for 2018. China Government Expenditure: Fund: Tourism Development Fund data
is updated yearly, averaging 826.500 RMB from Dec 2010 to 2019, with 10 observations.
The data reached an all-time high of 2,031.000 RMB mn in 2018 and a record low of
632.000 RMB mn in 2012. China Government Expenditure: Fund: Tourism Development
Fund data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data
is categorized under China Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance 

1.4. Related and supporting industries

1.4.1.Public services : Public transportation

 Vietnam:
Taxis: Taxis are plentiful in most Vietnamese cities and tourist can use this transportation
nearly everywhere in Vietnam. For traditional taxis, tourist can look for Vinasun or Mai
Linh. For technology taxis, you can look for some applications such as Grab, GoViet, Be,
etc.
Buses: There are a lot types of bus appear to adapt the needs of tourists. Overnight and
sleeper buses which run between major destinations is quite popular in destinations of
Vietnam. Besides, Vietnam has a double-decker bus that allows visitors to enjoy
sightseeing in two big cities of Vietnam, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. This is not only an
attraction for foreign tourists but also domestic and local tourists.
Trains: If tourists want to enjoy the scenery when traveling to Vietnam, train is one of the
most worthwhile means of use. Although Vietnam's trains run at a rather slow speed, this
is also a strong point of this vehicle because it is possible to sightseeing the beautiful
scenery while traveling.
Planes: For those short on time, flying is the most convenient way to see several
destinations within Vietnam. Prices for domestic tickets are surprisingly reasonable, and
there are daily flights to all of the country's top destinations. 

Source: Statistical Yearbook of Transport and Logistics 2018 – Ministry of Transport

Source : World Bank

 China:
China is a country that is not only large in area but also the most populated in the world,
so the development of China's public transport is extremely focused and there have been
many significant achievements:
China Flights: Fast & Convenient Transfer
Flights are the fastest and most convenient way to travel from International cities to China
and among most destinations in China. Taking flight is not only time-saving but also
energy saving. There are many international airports in China that travelers can choose
your ideal gateway to China, like Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Chengdu,
etc. Till now, 18 cities of China offers 72-hour visa free transit and travelers can make
short stay in most of popular cities. Besides, the Big Four Airlines – Air China, China
Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines and Hainan Airlines serve you most in China.
China Trains: High Speed Train Travel
Different trains can take travelers to almost every city and region. Fast, safe, reliable,
comfortable and environment-friendly high speed trains are now rivaling air travel as an
efficient means of transportation for long distance. Most of the tourist cities including
Beijing, Shanghai, Xian, Luoyang, Guilin, Chengdu, Huangshan, Suzhou, Hangzhou,
Guiyang, Guangzhou and more have high speed train running through and many travelers
choose high speed train travel as a part of China experience during their trip. It is very
popular to travel Beijing-Xian, Beijing-Shanghai, Xian-Luoyang, Guilin-Guiyang,
Lanzhou-Urumqi, Chengdu-Chongqing, Yichang-Wuhan, and Pingyao-Xian…by high
speed train.
China Highway: Long Distance Bus or Private Car Travel
Traveling by highway/road is not as comfortable as traveling by flight or high speed train.
But it is necessary to use it to the remote areas with fascinating scenery, like Yuanyang
Rice Terrace, Dongchuan Red Land, Tiger Leaping Gorge in Yunnan, Siguniang
Mountain, Hailuogou in Sichuan, Mount Everest, Namtso Lake in Tibet, Huitengxile
Grassland and Gegentala Grassland in Inner Mongolia, etc. Usually, there are some
departures for long distance bus and tourists’d better purchase the ticket in advance.
China Waterway: River Cruise in China
China has more than 5800 rivers with a total length of 400,000 kilometers. Among the
total length, China has 110,000 kilometers of navigable rivers, streams, lakes, and canals,
more than any country in the world. The main navigable rivers are the Yangtze River,
Yellow River, Pearl River, Xijiang River, Huangpu River and Beijing-Hangzhou Grand
Canal, etc. Taking cruise sailing along the rivers is not only a means of transportation, but
also a relaxing and enjoyable way for sightseeing in China.
Subway in China: by Metro
Taking metro is s a cheap and green way to explore in the city. At present, travelers can
use subway in more than 25 cities of China, including Beijing, Shanghai, Xian, Chengdu,
Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Chongqing, Kunming, Wuhan, Changsha,
Nanjing, Zhengzhou, Harbin, Dalian, Tianjin, Shenyang and more cities.
Among all the cities, Shanghai has got the longest length at 567 kilometers for metro rails
with 14 lines (metro line 1-13 and 16) opened. In Shanghai, travelers can take subway to
transfer among Pudong International Airport, Hongqiao International Airport, Hongqiao
Railway Station, etc. The length of Beijing metro rail is 527 kilometers, ranked as the
second with 18 lines. In Beijing, travelers can take subway to transfer among Tiananmen
Square, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, etc

1.4.2.Financial services

 In Vietnam
 Digital payment :
In Vietnam, the trend of e-payment and e-commerce is taking place more and more
excitingly. According to the State Bank of Vietnam, in 2020, e-payment will increase by
over 70% with total transaction value increasing by more than 120%. Currently, digital
financial services in Vietnam focus on payment services with more than 33% of
businesses providing this service. As of the end of April 2021, Vietnam has 43 non-
banking companies licensed to engage in payment activities, providing customers and
retailers with online payment services. online or digital payment solutions such as:
MoMo, Grappay by Moca, Airpay, VinID pay, Zalo pay, VNpay QR... These are
companies with impressive growth in current electronic payment services. now on.

Over the past few years, paying with mobile phone has become a daily gesture in China.
According to a survey, in 2018 92% of people in China’s largest cities use Wechat Pay or
Alipay as their main means of payment. The phenomenon is the same in rural areas: 47%
of the rural population is reported to regularly use mobile payments in China. According
to statistics released in early 2020 by the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) the number of
electronic payments processed by country’s banks increased by 6.3% compared to the
same period in 2018. 62.1 billion electronic payments have been registered, including
30.7 billion of mobile transactions, representing a year-on-year increase of 73.6%. In
March 2020, 776.08 million persons were using mobile payment in China.

 Exchange money :
To be able to attract tourists from many parts of the world, it is also essential for visitors
to be able to make currency conversions easy. A destination that allows more currencies
to be converted will attract more people from more countries.
In Vietnam, visitors can exchange money at money changers, gold shops, banks, if you
change at a bank, there will be some prolix procedures.
In China, visitors need to prepare dollars (USD) to exchange for RMB. Tourists can
exchange money at: Currency exchange counters serving tourists at Chinese airports,
Hotels: Most major hotels have currency exchange services for tourists, ATMs (Just look
for an ATM with the same logo as the bank you made your card), banks (the place to
change money is visited by many tourists and does not need to pay transaction fees).

1.4.3.Retail

 Vietnam

Although retail has not yet contributed too much to Vietnam's tourism, in the future
with the expansion of large shopping mall chains, retail can be one of the big factors in
developing Vietnam's tourism. The number of commercial centers is not much,
however; This year also recorded an 11% growth from 96 (2019) to 107 (2020). Once
again, Vingroup still proves its strength in the retail market when the number of
Vincom shopping centers completely overwhelms other names. Out of a total of 107
shopping centers listed, Vincom has 77, equivalent to more than 70% - a terrible
number. Following Vincom is LotteMart with 15 shopping centers.

Tourism & Services data was reported at 506,294.300 VND in 2017. This records an
increase from the previous number of 457,519.600 VND bn for 2016. Vietnam Retail
Sales: Tourism & Services data is updated yearly, averaging 54,866.450 VND bn from
Dec 1994 to 2017, with 24 observations. The data reached an all-time high of
506,294.300 VND bn in 2017 and a record low of 7,743.000 VND bn in 1994. Vietnam
Retail Sales: Tourism & Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by
General Statistics Office.
Vietnam's Vietnam Retail Sales: Tourism & Services from 1994 to 2016 (Source: Gểnal
Statistic Office)
 China

China’s booming economy has led to an explosion of shops in towns and cities. Once
fairly uninspired places where you might buy inexpensive souvenirs, work clothes,
posters and books, you can now find shops selling everything from chic fashion to high-
tech electronics.
With the emergence of many luxury brands, China has grown in retail sales of these
items.

China has been the world’s second-largest retail and consumer market after the U.S. since
2014. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of the PRC (NBS), total retail sales
of consumer goods reached 36.6 trillion yuan in 2017, up nominally by 10.2% year-on
year
Total retail sales of consumers goods, 2012-2017
(Source: National Bureau of Statistics of the PRC, complied by Fung Business
Intelligence)

Nominal growth of total retail sales of consumer goods by month, June 2017-June 2018
(Source: National Bureau of Statistics of the PRC, complied by Fung Business
Intelligence)

1.4.4.Construction
  In Vietnam
Compared with China, Vietnam has a much smaller area of only 331,690 km2. Because
the land area is narrower, the number of constructions will certainly not be equal to China,
but Vietnam is a country with a history that is not inferior to more than 4000 years, so
Vietnam also has a lot of works. attraction of visitors. In 2017, construction activities
maintained a relatively high growth rate of 8.7% compared to 2016, contributing 0.54
percentage points to the overall growth rate, ranking third among industries contributing
points to the overall growth rate percent to the GDP growth of the country. In 2018, the
production value of the entire construction industry reached a growth rate of 9.2%. The
report on assessment of task performance in 2019 released by the Ministry of
Construction showed that construction activity grew at about 9.2% over the same period
in 2018.

Number of tourism real estate projects being and about to be implemented (Source;
Vietnam Construction Integration& Development)
 In China
According to a report by GlobalData in 2017, among the top 10 world construction
markets, China accounts for 25.4%, making it the world's largest single market. In
addition to having the fourth largest land area in the world with 9.6 million square
kilometers, China also has a long history with more than 5000 years, so it has many world
famous landscape architectures bearing special symbols national features, such as: Great
Wall of China, Canton Tower, Donghai Bridge, Forbidden City,...

1.4.5.Manufacturing suppliers

In the tourism industry, related manufacturing suppliers can include accommodation

services, transportation services, travel agencies,...
  Accommodation supplier 
 In Vietnam

Number of accomodation supplier in Vietnam 1990-2019 (Source : Vietnam National

Administration of Tourism )
As of December 31, 2018, Vietnam had 28,000 accommodation establishments with over
550,000 rooms (an increase of more than 2,400 tourist accommodation establishments
and more than 42,000 rooms compared to 2017). Group 3 - 5 stars: there are 965
establishments with 126,631 rooms, an increase of 11% in the number of facilities and
23.2% in the number of rooms compared to 2017. The 5-star block has the strongest
growth and the largest capacity. By the end of 2019, there were 484 tourist
accommodation establishments rated from 4-5 stars nationwide with more than 100,000
rooms.
 In China
 In 2019, the hotel industry in China has grown steadily in size and revenue over the past
decade with the total number of 338,201 hotel accommodations. In 2019, China recorded
more than 10 thousand star-rated hotel, most of them located in tourist cities and holiday
destinations.
 Tourism company
Firms in the Travel Agencies industry mainly provide travel services for businesses,
groups and individuals. These services include consultation, travel planning and
proposals, scheduling, accommodation and transportation.
 In Vietnam
By the end of 2019, Vietnam had 2,667 international travel businesses, 6.2 times higher
than 2005. Out of 2,667 international travel businesses, the number of enterprises in the
form of limited liability accounted for. 62.4%, shares account for 36.3%, the remaining
1.4% are private enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises

Number of international travel businesses in Vietnam , period 1990-2019(Vietnam

National Administration of Tourism)
By the end of 2019, Vietnam had more than 500 enterprises licensed for domestic travel
business. According to the new provisions of the 2017 Tourism Law, domestic travel
businesses are required to have a travel business license like an international travel
business, which is a factor contributing to ensuring the quality of services to serve
customers.
 In China
The statistic shows the number of travel agencies in China from 2009 to 2019. In the year
2019 there were around 38,943 travel agencies in China. The chart shows that from 2009
to 2019, the number of travel agencies in China has increased fairly evenly over the years.
Especially in 2018 and 2019, the number of travel agencies has increased much more
strongly than in previous years.
 The number of travel agencies in China from 2009 to 2019
(Source: Statista)

 Tour guide
 In Vietnam
+By the end of 2019, Vietnam had 27,683 tour guides, an increase of 15% compared to
2018, of which there were 17,825 international tour guides, 9,134 domestic tour guides
and 724 tour guides. calendar at point.The tour guides have university degrees or higher
(accounting for 71.3%), college graduates (18%) and other degrees (10.7%)
 Number and structure of tour guides in Vietnam by the end of 2019
(Source: Vietnam National Administration of Tourism)

 In China
Accounting to 2021, there are more than 800,000 licensed China tour guides nationwide,
but only about 200,000 tour guides have signed labor contracts with China tour operators.
The rest of them are mostly “free practitioners”.
Among all China tour guides, Mandarin tour guides, who are mainly engaged in domestic
and outbound tourism, account for about 90%. About 80,000 tour guides are in the line of
inbound tourism industry. On the whole, compared with Mandarin tour guides, those who
can speaking other languages are in short supply. In terms of gender, the ratio of male and
female licensed tour guides is unbalanced. Female tour guides account for about 78%.
1.5. SWOT and competitors
 In Vietnam
 SWOT
Strengths Weaknesses

 Vietnam has a good geographical  The diversity of tourism products is still

position including a long coastline with limited. Tourism businesses have not got
many beautiful landscapes and beaches, enough creative and innovative to exploit
islands and archipelagos. Besides, the the available tourism resources of the
climate is in a tropical region - a huge country. Lack of a night-time economic
strength for Vietnam's tourism industry strategy that could not provide activity
because the good geography is one of the taking place in the evening including
most attractive reasons that foreign cuisine, entertainment, culture at night.
tourists come to Vietnam. The poor status of services leads to tourist
spending being quite lower compared to
 Has a long history for over 4000 years, other countries in the Southeast Asia
with a diversity and abundance in cultural region. Besides, the loyalty of foreign
traditions, culinary elite, the religious life tourists has been very low because of a
of an Eastern nation. Vietnam has 54 small rate of visitors return in recent
ethnic communities, it is diverse and rich years.
with many traditional festivals, culture,
and cuisine across the country. Each  Although the infrastructure system has
ethnic community has a unique culture been invested in, however, it still does not
and cuisine that contributes to the rich andmeet tourism development demand. The
diverse Vietnamese culture and cuisine as overcrowding and overload in airports,
a colorful picture, highlighting the unique urban areas, and the lack of highways to
identity of each ethnic group and region. connect provinces, have limited the
"booming trend" of the Vietnamese
 A stable political security background – tourism sector for recent years.
favorable factor for tourism development.
Besides, along with the image of a high  Environmental pollution is a problem of
openness, a dynamic and fast-growing the tourism business system and a
economy with the participation of free highlighted weakness of the Vietnamese
trade agreements with many countries and tourism industry. Pollution leads to food
regions around the world, Vietnam has unsafety and increases the costs to ensure
proved to be a country with an increasing cuisine safety inspections to attract
influence on the world economy. tourists.
Economic policies are supporting the
growth of tourism. This is also an  Despite having abundant labour force,
advantage for the tourism industry to however, there is a shortage of
continue developing strongly on the basis professional and high-class human
of economic growth. resources. In general, the management
skills of businesses have not yet met the
 Owned a fast-growing economy, the competitive requirement and integration
Vietnamese government invests more and trend. Besides, communication skills are
more in infrastructure, planning large- one of the most significant weaknesses
scale resorts and high-class hotel systems. among Vietnamese employees in the
Many projects of transport infrastructure, tourism sector. There is still a lack of
telecommunications infrastructure and guides fluent in foreign languages and the
synchronous service infrastructure for current human resource only meets about
tourism have been built and upgraded in 70% of the labour demand.
recent years. In general, the national
infrastructure system can well support the
development of the tourism sector.
Besides, located in the Asia-Pacific
region, Vietnam has benefited from the
rapidly growing middle class in this
region and relies on a high balance of
nature and the cultural resources to
generate tourism demand.

 Large population and a huge young

labor force: The young dynamic
population and the hospitable nature of the
people are also strong points for the
development of tourism. Besides, fast
economic growth leads to an increase in
income per capita that can help the
Vietnamese people go travel more in the
future.

 A huge community of overseas

Vietnamese people: it is calculated as 5
million people now residing in many
developed countries. The overseas
Vietnamese people is a strength of
Vietnam's tourism because they have a
huge demand to travel their homelands.
Opportunities Threats

 The high openness policy of the  The competitive level is raising from
economy can help to attract more and other countries in the Asia-Pacific region:
more international resources coming to Vietnam's tourism industry is still in the
Vietnam. Connected to economic beginning development process with low
exchange activities and investment management skills, which has forced the
relationships, tourism also has the tourism industry to improve its
opportunity to have more international competitiveness in order to catch-up with
capital sources to develop the tourism the development of leading countries in
business system and accommodation the Asia-Pacific region.
infrastructure.
 Destroyed landscapes, deforestation,
 Have huge benefits from the fast growth natural disasters, and epidemics in
of the Asia-Pacific region. Southeast Asia Vietnam have been complicated over the
is receiving more interest from global years. There are many restaurants, hotels,
tourists, it can make a positive and and resorts that elude to invest in waste
significant impact on the Vietnamese treatment systems as one of the causes
tourism industry. Increase interest in leading to the pollution of the marine and
Southeast Asian countries can bring great
opportunities to take advantage of this to tourism environment.
exploit the available tourism resources in
Vietnam.  Tourism development can increase
income inequality among regions. If the
 The increasing security instability in government has not got inclusive
many important territories and tourism economic development policies, tourism
markets worldwide is also a good growth may be a factor creating instability
opportunity for Vietnam to take advantage in society because of the conflict between
of the stability of its society to increase rich and poor people.
international tourists visiting in the near
future.  The instability of the global economy.
There was some financial and economic
 The development of information crisis with cycles as ten years per time. In
technology on the Internet platform in the the context of a high level in
context of the Industrial revolution 4.0, it globalization, Vietnam's tourism will get
has created great opportunities for easily stuck in the international economic
developing countries (such as Vietnam) to crises.
promote images and tourism services
promote tourism development strongly  The risks for community health: There
and effectively. are some infectious disease outbreaks that
have increased significantly in recent
decades, and when tourism and travel
activities rapidly raise, the global spread
of the diseases will be expected to grow
fast.

 Competitors of Vietnam
According to WEF, the 2017 competitiveness index of Vietnam increased 8 positions,
ranked at 67th out of 136 surveyed countries (in 2016). In comparison with other ASEAN
countries in Travel and Tourism competitiveness in 2016, Vietnam is at the fifth rank
after Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia
ASEAN countries competitiveness
No. Country Index
1 Singapore 13
2 Malaysia 26
3 Thailand 34
4 Indonesia 42
5 Vietnam 67
 6 Philippines 79
7 Laos 94
8 Cambodia 101

In terms of Human Resources and Labor Market, Vietnam is only behind Singapore,
Malaysia and Thailand
Human Resources and labor market
No. Country Score
1 Singapore 5.6
2 Malaysia 5.2
3 Thailand 4.9
4 Vietnam 4.9
5 Philippines 4.8
6 Indonesia 4.6
7 Laos 4.6
8 Cambodia 4.1
To other highly competitive factor as Natural resources, Vietnam ranks only after
Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia
Table 5: Natural Resources
No. Country Score
1 Thailand 4.9
2 Indonesia 4.7
3 Malaysia 4.1
4 Vietnam 4
5 Philippines 4
6 Cambodia 3.2
7 Laos 3
 8 Singapore 2.4

For Cultural resources and Safety and Security, Vietnam is ranked the third, which are the
most competitive strengths in the region.
Table 6: Cultural resources Table 7: Security and Safety
No. Country Score No. Country Score
1 Indonesia 3.3 1 Singapore 6.5
2 Singapore 3.1 2 Malaysia 5.8
3 Vietnam 3 3 Vietnam 5.6
4 Malaysia 2.9 4 Laos 5.4
5 Thailand 2.8Table 8: ICT Readiness 5 Indonesia 5.1
6 Philippines 1.9No. Country Score
6 Cambodia 5.1
7 Cambodia 1.61 Singapore 6.1 7 Thailand 4
8 Laos 1.32 Malaysia 5.2 8 Philippines 3.6
3 Thailand 4.8
4 Vietnam 4.2
5 Philippines 4
6 Indonesia 3.8
7 Cambodia 3.6
8 Laos 3.1
In particular, the ICT readiness of Vietnam rose 17 positions compared to its index in
2016, ranking the 80th, after Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand.
In general, ASEAN countries are facing with health and sanitation issues. Singapore and
Malaysia are the leading ASEAN countries in this area. Vietnam ranks the third in eight
countries
The poor in Ground and air transport infrastructure will definitely affect the quality and
capacity of the destination. The strong growth of tourism will lead to difficulties in the
waste and wastewater treatment, causing the risk of environmental degradation, economic
loss, and local people’s life quality decrease. Vietnam ranks the fifth out of eight
countries examined.
Business environment is a concern for Vietnam, which is only at higher ranking than
Cambodia and the Philippines. In addition, Vietnam’s tourist service infrastructure is the
lowest ranking in comparison to ASEAN countries.
Indonesia and Vietnam are the two leading countries with the highest number of
UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the 10 ASEAN countries. Indonesia has four cultural
heritages, four natural heritages; Vietnam has five cultural heritages, two natural heritages
and one mixed heritage; Thailand has three cultural heritages, two natural heritages

ASEAN Marketing Strategy presents its focus which includes comprehensive themes and
is relevant to the global trend, namely, gastronomy, health care, culture and heritage; and
natural and adventure (ASEAN Secretariat, 2017, p. 12). In 2017, the total revenue
generated from tourism in Vietnam is 541,000 billion VND (23 billion USD), in which
the most tourists’ expenditure is on food and beverage and accommodation, and
transportation, followed by other expenses such as shopping, sightseeing, and others

Shares of total tourism revenue in 2017 (Source: VNAT)

Though Vietnam ranked at the 4th position in terms of tourist arrivals, it takes the 5th
position on the revenue list and only covers 16.54% in comparison with Thailand in 2016.
At the same time, the number of international visitors to Vietnam in ASEAN was 7.58%,
7.29% and 8.63% respectively. The 3-year average is 7.83%, which covers 29.7% to
Thailand’s.
 Source: World Development Index (WDI) 2017

Though Vietnam witnessed positive growth in tourist arrivals in the past two years, it is
still behind other tourism developed countries in the region such as Thailand, Malaysia
and Singapore in terms of the absolute numbers of visitors and revenue. Indonesia has a
slightly higher number of tourist arrivals than Vietnam, but its revenue is considerably
higher than Vietnam.

The issues that Vietnam tourism is facing in the situation of rapid tourism growth is the
infrastructure and tourism facilities, as it has to ensure sustainable development when
Vietnam ranked the 8th out of eight countries reviewed in tourism infrastructure (WEF).
In addition, the ground and air transport infrastructure of Vietnam is also a constraint,
requiring a master plan and close coordination between the tourism and the transport
sector. The issue of business and institutional environment which facilitates businesses is
still a gap that Vietnam needs to fill in.

In conclusion, many of the advantages of Vietnam tourism are highlighted by

international organizations in ASEAN such as natural and cultural resources, ICT
readiness, human resources and labor market for tourism development. In order to
maintain the growth momentum and enhance the position of tourism in the ASEAN
region, Vietnam needs to give prioritization to the satisfaction of the needs of the key
markets, overcome weaknesses in infrastructure and favorable policies for businesses,
improve environmental quality standards, eco - friendly tourism products, and enhance
the participation of local communities in tourism.

 In China
 SWOT
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
- High GDP Growth - Unemployment
GDP (gross domestic product) is the standard It’s no doubt that China has brought
to evaluate the financial strength of any millions of people out of the misery of
country. The annual GDP of China in 2020 poverty. The country offers cheap
was 24.2 trillion US dollars and it’s labor to foreign manufacturers to
the first highest GDP of the world. Per capita create more and more job
of the country was 17206 dollars and it has opportunities. But the unemployment
the 73rd position. rate in China is still high. According to
an estimate by Statista, the
- Cheap labor unemployment rate in China
China has the advantage of the availability of is 3.64% at the beginning of 2021.
cheap labor and has the highest number of
manufacturers and exporters in the world. - Declining Agriculture
That’s why the world’s leading brands China has a strong base in the
like Apple, Samsung, Huawei, Adidas, Nike agriculture industry. But it’s fading
, and many others have their manufacturing away as people are migrating towards
units in China. cities to find jobs in the service
industry. The younger generations
- High Usage of Smartphones don’t have an interest in the agrarian
The usage of mobile devices and smartphones business. People of older generations
has been increasing in both rural and urban in the faraway villages are doing this
parts of the country. The growth and business.
development of the telecom industry have
attracted the attention of mobile users. That’s - Government Restrictions
why the demand for the tech product has The Chinese government has a
increased; the growth in the tech industry reputation for being overly restrictive.
means more revenue to the country’s For instance, China doesn’t
economy. allow Netflix to offer its content unless
the company provides content
- High Population according to China’s requirements.
Approximately 1.4 billion people are The thorough editing of every episode
populating the country. The government has of every show on Netflix isn’t in the
divided the administration into 4 political company’s interest. Therefore, there’s
parties to check and maintain the decision- no Netflix in China.
making process of the whole country. It’s a
very big country in terms of population, but - No intl. social media
the sub-division of the government has made Chinese people don’t have permission
it easier for her to manage public issues. to use the world’s famous social media
platforms like Facebook, Twitter,
Snapchat, etc. It’s because they’re
open and they allow people to share
anything whatever they want. The
Chinese government isn’t ready to give
western freedom of speech to its
 people yet.

- Restriction on Property Selling

The Chinese government has also
imposed restrictions on the sale of
land, property, and mortgage. The
construction business in China is very
slow. The prices of residential houses
are also very slow because of the
mortgage sale restrictions. The
construction workers don’t work and
they rely on the limited paychecks.
They leave their industry and try to
find work somewhere else.

OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
- Agriculture & Service industry - Negative perception
As we know that China is famous for two The world has a negative perception of
major industries: agriculture and China. It’s because of many reasons
manufacturing. Now, China has got a great like censorship, the one-child policy,
opportunity to bring back the interest of and overly restriction. The world
people in agriculture by providing them better views China as a land of restrictions
incentives. It would help her to reduce the and they don’t want to visit her for
unemployment rate. It would also help her to tourism and residential purposes.
maintain a balance between agriculture and
the manufacturing industry. - Covid-19 Pandemic
The pandemic of Covid-19 started in
- Urbanization China and spread all over the world.
Chinese people are leaving the agriculture Donald Trump, president of the USA,
industry and migrating into the cities to find has called it many times “Chinese
work in the manufacturing and service Virus.” Such a level of mockery and
industry. According to an estimate, 18% of criticism isn’t helping China to win
the migrating people are above the age of 50 back the trust of the world.
years old. 55% of the people are younger and
at the age of 40 years old. The Chinese - Smog
government has got a great opportunity to Smog (mixture of fog and smoke)
utilize this mass influx of talent in the cities. level is very high in the industrial
cities of China. Even before the
pandemic of covid-19, people have to
wear masks to protect themselves.
Many outsourcing manufacturers are
concerned about the lives of factory
workers in China. It would result in the
form of loss of business.
 - Safety issues
China has a law if you hurt someone in
case of an accident, then you’ll be
responsible for the life of the injured
person. It doesn’t matter whether you
accept your mistake or not, you’ll end
up helping them for the rest of their
lives. Therefore, it has created an
environment of “hit and runs” rather
than staying and helping.

- Careless attitude
We know the news about China that
the condition of workers is very poor,
low air quality, censorship, one-child
policy, increasing suicide rate, and
much other negative press. But China
doesn’t care about any of them
whatever the world is saying about
themselves. Such a careless attitude
isn’t good for worldly public image.

- Trouble with Neighboring

Countries
China controls the economy of the
Asian and world market with cheap
labor. Many neighboring countries like
South Korea and Japan have issues
with them for taking their business
away. The country doesn’t respond to
their criticism or care about them at
all. That’s why these three countries
have got a strong trading conflict with
one another.

 Competitors of China
　　 Since the 21st century, the tourism industry has shown an increasingly prosperous
development prospect, and China's domestic tourism is also developing rapidly with the
largest market scale in the world. With the increasingly fierce competition in the
international tourism service trade, countries are striving to find the key elements of
development breakthroughs. Therefore, evaluating the international competitiveness of a
country's tourism industry from a new perspective and a higher strategic level has become
an important issue for all countries. There are six countries with relatively developed
tourism industry and compares them with China through three indicators.
(1) Comparison of International Market Share (IMS) of Tourism Service Trade
　 　 It can be seen that the overall competitiveness of China's tourism industry is
relatively weak, and there is still a big gap between China's tourism powerhouses such as
the United States and Spain. From 2004 to 2013, the US's international market share
basically remained between 14% and 16%, and it has always been the number one in the
world, and its international competitiveness is extremely strong. The international market
share of France and Spain has been hovering between 4% and 7%, showing strong
competitiveness. The export market share of Britain, Germany and Italy is between 3%
and 6%, which also shows a certain degree of competitiveness. China’s market share has
always been between 3% and 5%, with an average of 4.39%. There is still a certain gap
with developed countries in tourism, especially the 10.08% difference with the United
States, which ranks first.
Bảng 1: Bảng biểu thị chiếm lĩnh thị phần của các quốc gia khác nhau từ 2004-2013
Bảng 2: So sánh về dịch vụ du lịch tại các quốc gia ( Trung Quốc màu cuối cùng)
(2) Comparison of Competitive Advantage Index (CI) of Tourism Service Trade
　　It can be seen from that the CI indices of Spain, the United States, Italy, and France
during the ten-year period from 2004 to 2013 were all positive, indicating that these four
countries were all traded in tourism services during this ten-year period. It is a net
exporting country and therefore has strong international competitiveness. Among these
countries, Spain has the most obvious competitive advantage. Except for the CI index
below 0.5 in 2007, it has remained above 0.5. This shows that Spain is a country with a
developed international tourism industry; followed by the United States and Italy. The CI
index has always been between 0.15 and 0.3, indicating that the competitiveness of these
two countries is also relatively strong; France’s CI index reached 0.2 in 2004, but has
gradually decreased since then, with weak competitiveness; the United Kingdom and
Germany in 2004 The CI index from 2010 to 2013 has been negative, and it is a net
importer of tourism service trade, so its competitiveness has always been weak; China has
maintained a positive CI index before 2008, with moderate international competitiveness,
but since 2009, China has changed from a moderate international competitiveness to a
weaker international competitiveness, and it is getting weaker and weaker. In 2013, it has
been as low as -0.4272, which is not internationally competitive.
(3) Comparison of Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) of Tourism
Service Trade
　　It can be seen that the overall changes in the RCA index of the seven countries from
2004 to 2013 show that the RCA index of Spain’s tourism service trade has always been
far ahead of other countries, and its RCA index has always been above 2.5. Spain has
always been in an absolute position of extremely strong competitive advantage; the RCA
indexes of the United States, France and Italy are all between 1.25 and 2.5, indicating that
it has strong competitiveness; the average RCA index of the United Kingdom is between
0.8 and 1.25 It shows that it has a moderate international competitiveness; the RCA index
of China and Germany has been less than 0.8 over the years, and it has weak international
competitiveness. China has always had a weak competitive advantage, and the overall
trend has gradually declined. From 0.6156 in 2004 to 0.3716% in 2013, the competitive
advantage dropped significantly.
　　
Through the evaluation of the above three indicators, the situation of the tourism service
trade competitiveness of China and these six countries is roughly explained. Due to the
different focus of each indicator, the calculated country rankings are also different. Now
the above three indicator rankings are summarized, and the weighted average method is
also used to calculate the total ranking:

　　 It can be seen that the overall ranking of the seven countries is: Spain, the United
States, France, Italy, China, the United Kingdom, and Germany. It can be seen that
Spain’s tourism industry is the most competitive and has an absolute advantage; the
United States, France, and Italy are more competitive and have certain competitive
advantages; the weaker ones are Britain and Germany; and China’s competitiveness
stands between the more competitive ones and weaker ones. There is a big gap in tourism
powers such as Spain and only a weak competitive advantage. Although the overall scale
of China's tourism service trade is constantly expanding, it is already a big country of
tourism service trade, but the overall competitiveness is relatively weak, and there is still
a certain gap between becoming a tourism power. Therefore, in the development process
of China's tourism service trade, it is necessary to combine its own situation and learn
from the experience of developed countries with better development of tourism service
trade to promote the development of China's tourism service trade.
1.6. Mission, Vision, Goals and Actions
 In Vietnam
 Mission: To develop the tourism industry into a spearhead economic sector,
creating a driving force for the development of other industries and fields, making
an important contribution to the formation of the modern economic structure.
 Vision: By 2030, tourism is really a spearhead economic sector and sustainable
development. Vietnam has become a particularly attractive destination, belonging
to the group of 30 countries with the world's leading tourism competitiveness, fully
meeting the requirements and goals of sustainable development.
 Goals: By 2030
Total revenue from tourists: Reach 3,100 - 3,200 trillion VND (equivalent to 130 - 135
billion USD), average growth of 11 - 12%/year; direct contribution to GDP reached 15 -
17%.
Create about 8.5 million jobs, including about 3 million jobs direct, average growth of 8-
9%/year.
Regarding tourists: Striving to welcome at least 50 million international visitors and 160
million domestic visitors; maintaining the average growth rate of international visitors
from 8-10%/year and domestic visitors from 5-6%/year.
 Actions:
Focus on building a system of typical and high-quality tourism products on the basis of
promoting the value of unique tourism resources with outstanding strengths. Prioritize the
development of marine tourism; develop cultural tourism as the foundation, develop eco-
tourism, green tourism, responsible tourism; linking regional product development in
association with economic corridors.
Identify the target market with market segmentation by tourism purpose and ability to
pay; Prioritize attracting tourists with high affordability, pure tourism purpose, long stay.
Developing the domestic market, focusing on leisure, entertainment, festivals and
shopping visitors. Focusing on attracting international visitors coming from Northeast
Asia (China, Japan, Korea), Southeast Asia and the Pacific (Singapore, Malaysia,
Indonesia, Thailand, Australia); Increasing the exploitation of the high-end tourist market
from Western Europe (France, Germany, UK, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Scandinavia),
North America (USA, Canada) and Eastern Europe (Russia, Ukraine); Expand new
market from Middle East.
Develop outstanding product brands, corporate brands and destination brands to gradually
build an image and brand for Vietnam Tourism. First of all, the State will focus on
supporting the development of potential tourism brands such as: Saigontourist, Vinpearl
Land, Ha Long, Phu Quoc, Mui Ne, Hoi An, Hue, Sapa, and Da Lat.
Focus on promoting and professionalizing tourism promotion to target the target market
in the direction of focusing on destinations, tourism products and tourism brands.
Promotional programs and campaigns are deployed focusing on priority market groups.
The national tourism promotion agency plays a key role in planning national promotion
programs and mobilizing organizations and businesses to actively participate in the
"shared goal" mechanism.
To attach importance to the development of tourism human resources to meet the
requirements of quality, reasonable in terms of industry structure and training level to
ensure professionalism, competitiveness and regional integration, contributing to
improving tourism industry. tourism service quality; focusing on training high-level
human resources, the management team becomes a "master machine" force to promote
transfer, on-the-job training according to job requirements.
Key tourism products:
The strategy for sustainable development of Vietnam's marine economy to 2030, with a
vision to 2045, has identified sea and island tourism development as one of the contents
contributing to the formation of key marine economic zones. In the tourism development
master plan 2020, Vietnam has 7 key tourist areas and 5 regions related to sea and islands.
This speaks to the particularly important position of sea and island tourism.
Vietnam has a lot of potential for sea and island tourism when it owns a coastline of more
than 3,260 km and more than 3,000 islands, with white sandy beaches, pristine bays, lush
tropical islands all year round... up to 125 beaches, most of which are beautiful beaches,
of which Da Nang beach has been voted by Forbes magazine as one of the six most
attractive beaches on the planet. Vietnam is also one of 12 countries with the most
beautiful bays in the world, namely Ha Long Bay and Nha Trang Bay.
In addition, the coastal territory, sea area and system of islands, where sea and island
tourism takes place, and coastal areas focus on 7/13 world heritages in Vietnam; 6/8
biosphere reserves; many national parks, nature reserves…
In addition, for generations, the sea and islands are not only a source of life, but also a
space for the Vietnamese community to create an island culture with unique cultural
heritages. That is the system of historical-cultural relics related to the marine
environment, the system of sea gods, the predecessors who had merits in the conquest of
the sea, establishing and exercising national sovereignty at sea.. .; folk festivals of coastal
residents; beliefs, customs and habits related to the sea; livelihood culture, residence
culture, culinary culture, folk performances, indigenous knowledge... These are rich
resources to develop sustainable sea and island tourism.
 In China
 Mission: "Tourism is a bridge to spread civilization, exchange culture, and enhance
friendship." "Tourism is the best way to enhance people's intimacy." "Tourism is a
comprehensive industry and an important driving force for economic
development." The road of intensive development ensures the sustainable
development of tourism economy" – Tap Can Binh
 Vision: Tourism development in promoting friendship and peace, enhancing
mutual learning among civilizations, realizing open cooperation, sharing
development opportunities, promoting common prosperity, promoting security and
stability, protect the ecological environment and achieve sustainable development.
 Goals:
Becoming a relatively large and tourism-intensive country (2021-2030) corresponds to the
realization of people's lives, a significant increase in the country's cultural soft power, a
vibrant society and orderly, and at the same time realize the basic goal of a beautiful
China. This is an important new icon and a new engine.
Trying to build an intensive world tourism power (2031-2040), that is, building a
prosperous, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and beautiful modern socialist power,
tourism will become a success. comprehensively improve material civilization, political
civilization, spiritual civilization and society. ecological civilization and civilization.
 Actions:
(1) Tourism promotes the strategy of rural revitalization. Tourism is an important channel
and driving force to promote rural revitalization. It can play a special role in
implementing rural revitalization strategies, building a new modern agricultural system,
promoting the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries,
expanding channels for farmers’ employment and entrepreneurship, and improving
modern rural governance systems. Since the reform and opening up, my country has
experienced four waves of emancipating the rural labor force. The first time was to
contract production to the household to release vigorous vitality to solve the problem of
food and clothing. The second time was for farmers to leave their homes and vigorously
develop township enterprises. The third time was to go out to work. It is the fourth time to
build a world processing factory. Workers and college students return to their hometowns
to start businesses. Rural tourism has become the new main battlefield and one of the
main channels.
(2) The strategy of tourism to promote the construction of a modern economic system.
Tourism is a new engine and an important way to promote the construction of a modern
economic system. my country’s economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth
to a stage of high-quality development. As an important new engine and new driving
force, tourism can continuously enhance the innovation and competitiveness of my
country's economy. The development of tourism is conducive to promoting the
coordinated development of the region, and accelerating the development of old
revolutionary areas, ethnic areas, border areas, and poverty-stricken areas; promoting the
development of the western region, the rise of the central region, accelerating the
revitalization of old industrial bases such as the northeast, and leading innovation to
achieve the optimized development of the eastern region Play a special role in promoting
the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, constructing the Xiongan New
Area, and promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and play a
role as a link and bridge; in accelerating the development of borders, promoting land and
sea coordination, and accelerating the construction of a maritime power, etc. Play a
special advantage.
(3) Cultural tourism integration and tourism diplomacy strategy. Tourism can play a
particularly important role in strengthening cultural exchanges with foreign countries and
promoting Chinese culture to go out. The establishment of the Ministry of Culture and
Tourism fully reflects the great importance of the central government. At the same time,
tourism can play the unique role of viaducts in advancing the construction of the “Belt
and Road”, promoting the formation of a new pattern of comprehensive opening up, and
promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind, and
promote people-to-people bonds. The integration of tourism in forging the sense of
community of the Chinese nation and strengthening the exchanges and integration of
various ethnic groups can promote all ethnic groups to hug each other like pomegranate
seeds. Traveling can promote the connection and mutual understanding between the
mainland and Hong Kong and Macau, the mainland and Taiwan, and work together for
the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Through the development of tourism, we can
promote the construction of international communication capacity, tell Chinese stories
well, show the true, three-dimensional and comprehensive China, and improve the
country’s cultural soft power.
(4) Red tourism development and excellent traditional culture inheritance and innovation
strategy. It can give full play to the unique role of tourism in the practice and
dissemination of the core socialist values, integrate the core socialist values into the
tourism life, transform them into people’s emotional identity and behavior habits, and dig
deeper and spread the excellent traditional Chinese culture. Let Chinese culture show its
permanent charm and contemporary style. Tourism is not only an active leader and
practitioner of China's advanced culture, but also a loyal inheritor and advocate of China's
excellent traditional culture.
(5) Tourism promotes the construction of a well-off society in an all-round way, a healthy
China, a beautiful China and other strategies. It can give full play to the advantages of
tourism in promoting employment and entrepreneurship, promoting poverty alleviation,
improving people's livelihood, and innovating social governance, so that the results of
reform and development can benefit all people more and more equitably, and promote the
formation of a social governance pattern of co-construction, co-governance and sharing.
Improve people's happiness. It is necessary to give full play to the unique role of tourism
in promoting the construction of a healthy and beautiful China, build a happiness-oriented
industrial system, accelerate the establishment of a green production and consumption
system, and establish a sound economic system for green and low-carbon circular
development.
Key tourism products:
China's tourism industry is developing rapidly and attaches great importance to the role of
smart tourism, that is, combining tourism with modern technology, mobile
communication, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence. creating and virtual
reality, taking the visitor's experience as the center, implementing an optimized layout of
tourism resources.
China is a highly developed country in technology, with a good foundation to develop
smart tourism. Besides, people are familiar with many smart devices and there are many
big smart cities leading to the development of this type of tourism. In addition, China can
access the tastes of domestic and foreign tourists in smart modern tourism to compete
with many regions that have developed traditional tourism.

2. Current strategies and developing strategies in the future

2.1.Strategy for Vietnam's tourism development to 2030

2.1.1. TARGET

- By 2025
Vietnam becomes an attractive destination, striving to be in the group of three leading
countries in tourism development in Southeast Asia and 50 countries with the world's
leading tourism competitiveness, of which all 14 tourism competitiveness criteria have
increased, in line with the requirements of sustainable development.
- Total revenue from tourists: Reaching 1,700 - 1,800 trillion VND (equivalent to 77 - 80
billion USD), an average growth of 13 - 14%/year; direct contribution to GDP reached 12
- 14%.
- Create about 5.5 - 6 million jobs, including about 2 million direct jobs, average growth
of 12 - 14%/year.
- Regarding tourists: Striving to welcome at least 35 million international visitors and 120
million domestic tourists, maintaining the average growth rate of international visitors
from 12-14%/year and domestic tourists from 12 to 14%/year. 6-7%/year.
- By 2030
Tourism is really a spearhead economic sector and sustainable development. Vietnam has
become a particularly attractive destination, belonging to the group of 30 countries with
the world's leading tourism competitiveness, fully meeting the requirements and goals of
sustainable development.
- Total revenue from tourists: Reaching 3,100 - 3,200 trillion VND (equivalent to 130 -
135 billion USD), an average growth of 11 - 12% per year; direct contribution to GDP
reached 15 - 17%.
- Create about 8.5 million jobs, including about 3 million direct jobs, average growth of 8-
9%/year.
- Regarding tourists: Striving to welcome at least 50 million international visitors and 160
million domestic visitors; maintaining the average growth rate of international visitors
from 8-10%/year and domestic visitors from 5-6%/year

2.1.2. SOLUTION

1. Continue to renew awareness and thinking about tourism development

a) Fully aware that tourism is a general economic service industry, with profound cultural
and humanistic content, making a major contribution to economic integration, creating
motivation for other industries to develop, bringing effective results to the development of
tourism. economic, cultural, social, environmental, political, foreign affairs and security
and defense results.
b) Strongly renew the thinking of tourism development in accordance with the law of the
market economy, meeting the requirements of developing tourism into a spearhead
economic sector.
c) Raise the awareness of people, businesses and communities in civilized and tourist-
friendly behavior and protect the image and environment, contributing to sustainable
development, constantly improving the reputation and trade brand and attraction of
Vietnam tourism.
2. Perfecting institutions and policies for tourism development
a) Review, amend, supplement and perfect institutions, policies and laws to create
conditions for tourism development.
b) Publicing preferential policies on land, tax and credit to mobilize investment resources
in tourist clusters, key tourism development areas, national tourist sites and regions with
high tourism potential. calendar.
c) Promote public-private partnerships and governance models that integrate public and
private sectors, entrepreneurs and local communities in sustainable tourism development;
establish conditions to create a favorable business environment, stimulate innovation,
start-ups, develop business force, form many tourism businesses with strong brands;
supporting small and medium enterprises, tourism business households to acquire new
technology, digital skills and access to finance.
d) Prioritize resources for planning, human resource training, market research, promotion
and development of tourism products; community tourism development; protect tourism
resources and environment.
e) Continue to improve policies to facilitate entry, exit and travel for international tourists;
creating favorable conditions for domestic and international airlines to open new routes
and directly connect Vietnam with key and potential tourism markets.
f) Finalize regulations to manage and develop new business models in the field of tourism
in accordance with actual conditions and situations.
3. Development of infrastructure, material and technical facilities for tourism
a) Rapidly develop modern and synchronous infrastructure; concentrate resources on
investment in transport infrastructure in tourist clusters, driving force areas for tourism
development, national tourist sites and regions with tourism potential; improve the ability
to connect traffic to tourist areas and tourist spots; invest in stops and breaks on roads.
b) Upgrade, expand and accelerate the construction of new airports; to build seaports,
specialized inland waterway ports for tourists; 4 quickly improve infrastructure and
quality of railway services to develop tourism.
c) Renovating and perfecting the information technology infrastructure system,
accelerating the implementation of the digital transformation process in the tourism
industry; digitize information and documents about destinations, build digital content
repositories, towards the formation and development of a smart tourism ecosystem.
d) To attract social resources and investors with modern and environmentally friendly
technologies to invest in building technical and material foundations of the tourism
industry, especially accommodation establishments and amusement parks. entertainment,
high-class complex resorts, in line with new tourism needs and trends.
e) Focusing on investment, forming a large-scale and modern center for organizing
conferences, exhibitions, shopping, sports and entertainment in the driving force for
tourism development.
4. Developing tourism human resources
a) Develop tourism human resources according to a reasonable structure, ensure quantity,
quality, balance in the structure of professions and training levels, meet the requirements
of competition and integration; adopt policies to encourage and promote the development
of human resources and the comprehensive labor market, improve the quality of tourism
human resources in terms of state management, corporate governance and tourism
vocational skills, and focus on training. senior management personnel and skilled
workers.
b) Diversifying forms of training; promote socialization, encourage enterprises to
participate in tourism human resource training; focus on training vocational skills and soft
skills for the workforce directly serving tourism, especially the team of tour guides and
tour guides; organizing training and fostering knowledge and skills for the community to
participate in tourism business and contribute to promoting the destination and local
tourism image.
c) Strengthen the capacity of high-quality tourism training institutions and vocational
schools in tourism development driving force areas.
d) Encourage the formation of a team of volunteers to guide and support tourists.
5. Developing and diversifying the tourist market
a) Regularly survey and research the market, needs and tastes of tourists; building tourist
market database.
b) Diversify the international tourist market
- Continue to attract visitors, expand the market with fast growth potential, large source of
visitors, high spending and long stay.
- Focus on attracting tourists from the following markets: Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia,
Australia, North America, Western Europe, Northern Europe, Eastern Europe and the
Russian Federation.
- Interested in developing new and potential markets: Middle East, Southern Europe,
South America, South Asia (India); expanding and developing potential markets, with the
number of tourists going abroad increasing rapidly every year.
c) Strongly develop the domestic tourist market
- Pay attention to and create favorable conditions for all classes of people to visit, travel
and relax in the country; promote the tourist market combined with traditional education,
cultural, historical and ecological exploration.
- Regularly research and grasp market trends to promptly respond to new needs and tastes
of domestic tourists.
- Promote the development of the market of resort tourists, weekend tourism associated
with health care, education, cultural and historical exploration, ethnic cultural experience,
and enhancement of cultural exchanges between regions. , domain. - Reorient the market
of tourists for festivals, spiritual culture in the direction of harmonious combination with
other purposes in order to overcome seasonality.
6. Tourism product development
- Focus on developing tourism products of high quality, diversity, difference, high added
value and increase the experience for tourists based on the advantages of natural resources
of each region and locality, suitable to the needs of tourists. market demand and improve
the competitiveness of Vietnam's tourism.
- To strongly develop mainstream tourism products with advantages of Vietnam's tourism
associated with tourism development driving areas:
+ Prioritize development of sea and island resort tourism products and marine sports and
entertainment tourism in line with the orientation of Vietnam's strategy for sustainable
development of marine economy. Concentrate resources on investment and development
of a number of tourist clusters and high-class beach resort centers with strong brands in
the international tourism market.
+ To attach importance to developing cultural tourism products, in association with
preserving and promoting the values of the nation's cultural, historical and traditional
heritages; focus on exploiting the strengths of diverse and unique cuisines of regions and
regions to form unique and different tourism products with competitive advantages,
contributing to building a prominent brand of Vietnam's tourism. .
+ Promote the development of community tourism, agricultural and rural tourism, eco-
tourism, adventure sports tourism.
- Continue to develop products for urban tourism, tourism for conferences, seminars and
events (MICE); Tourism combines shopping, medical treatment, health care, education,
entertainment, especially nightlife.
- Enhance connectivity and improve service quality in the tourism product value chain.
7. Promote promotion, publicity, tourism branding and international cooperation and
integration in tourism
a) Promote tourism promotion and publicity
- Innovate methods, tools and contents, step up the application of digital technology in
tourism promotion and publicity, ensuring consistent, professional and effective
implementation fruit; promote the power of the media and promote promotion on social
networks.
- Focus on mobilizing social resources, combining state resources in tourism promotion
and promotion.
- To promote the role of Vietnamese representative agencies and overseas Vietnamese
communities in tourism promotion and publicity; opening Vietnam tourism promotion
offices in a number of key markets.
b) Building a tourism brand
- Focus on building and developing the national tourism brand on the basis of developing
regional and local tourism brands, businesses and tourism product brands.
- Strengthening coordination among all levels and sectors in building and developing
tourism brand to ensure consistency.
c) International cooperation and integration
- Actively and actively cooperate bilaterally and multilaterally in tourism; prioritize
regional cooperation and linkage to develop products and promote common destinations;
effectively implement the ASEAN Mutual Recognition Agreement on the tourism
profession.
- Promote cooperation with countries and international organizations to exchange
experiences, take advantage of technical support, attract investment, train tourism human
resources.
8. State management of tourism
a) Improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the state management of tourism
- Perfecting the legal system, national standards and regulations on tourism.
- Continue to strengthen the entire state management of tourism from central to local
levels, ensuring synchronous, effective and efficient, meeting the development
requirements of key economic sectors.
- Renovate inter-sectoral and inter-regional coordination in tourism, improve the
operational efficiency of the State Steering Committee on Tourism and the Provincial
Steering Committee for Tourism Development; gradually form a coordination mechanism
for regional tourism development to meet the requirements of tourism development
linkage.
- Enhance the role and responsibilities of local authorities at all levels in building a
civilized lifestyle, ensuring hygiene, environment, food hygiene and safety, security and
safety for tourists; create a civilized and friendly tourism environment.
- Strengthen inspection and control of service quality and destination management;
propagate and disseminate the law on tourism.
b) Environmental protection, climate change adaptation and disaster prevention
- Propaganda to raise awareness and vigorously enforce measures to protect natural
resources, the environment, and conserve biodiversity.
- Improve pollution control capacity, ensure effective prevention, reduction and treatment
of pollution sources from tourism activities.
- Focus on forecasting, warning, proactively preventing and mitigating natural disasters,
adapting to climate change in the construction and operation of tourism service
establishments.
- Encourage tourism service establishments to use clean energy, renewable energy,
recycled and reused products, and apply clean technology to limit environmental pollution
and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

2.1.3.KEY MISSIONS, BREAKING

1. Focus on building and implementing a number of key tasks:

a) Planning on tourism development in accordance with the law on planning and tourism.
b) The target program for tourism infrastructure development is consistent with the 5-year
medium-term public investment plan.
c) Thematic tourism development programs and projects on markets, products, human
resources, promotion and advertising.
2. Focus on mobilizing resources to implement a number of breakthrough tasks
a) Regarding infrastructure development: Accelerate the progress of new investment in
Long Thanh and Chu Lai airports...; upgrading and expanding airports in key and
potential areas, first of all at airports such as Noi Bai, Da Nang, Tan Son Nhat, Cam
Ranh, Phu Quoc, Phu Bai, Van Don...; invest in building a number of international tourist
seaports and road routes connecting with national tourist areas.
b) Facilitation for tourists: Creating the most favorable conditions for visa procedures for
international visitors, applying the electronic visa policy to all international visitor
markets; drastically improve the process of controlling entry, exit and customs procedures
at the border gates by air, by road and by sea, ensuring the fastest and most convenient
way for international visitors to Vietnam.
c) Invest in the formation of a number of synchronous, high-quality, large-scale and
world-class tourism clusters.
d) Smart tourism development: Accelerate the application of digital technology to connect
to support and increase the experience for tourists; building a smart tourism ecosystem to
connect tourism service infrastructure; strengthen the application of green and clean
technology in service businesses and tourist accommodation establishments.
e) Developing community-based tourism: Having policies to support resources for people
to participate in community-based tourism development; associate cultural tourism
development with community life experiences to improve economic and cultural life,
contribute to poverty reduction for people, especially in remote, border and island areas .
*) Generic competitive strategy
Tours in Vietnam generally have a relatively reasonable price compared to other countries
in the region, so if the price of the tour is reduced, it will low the profit margin of
businesses. The tourism industry in Vietnam does not use competitive pricing strategies,
but instead focuses on the differentiation of tourism products as well as how to approach
the product.
- Action:
+ Applying science and technology to “live” in covid-19
 Develop smart tourism ecosystem; apply digital and green technologies to connect
in order to support and increase the experience for tourists; expanding the capacity
to provide combined services between real and digital channels; make maximum
use of electronic transactions in tourism activities.
 Widely applying technology in payment of travel services towards minimizing
cash payments, guiding and encouraging tourists to use electronic payment forms
on smart devices.
 Apply information technology to complete the tourism statistics system; building a
database system of tourism industry, connecting with the national database system.
*) Completing the tourism law: Creating the most favorable conditions for visa
procedures for international visitors, applying the electronic visa policy to all international
tourist markets; drastically improve the process of controlling entry, exit and customs
procedures at the border gates by air, by road and by sea, ensuring the fastest and most
convenient way for international visitors to Vietnam.

2.2. China's tourism development strategy to 2030

In 2020, the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic will seriously affect the economic
development of countries around the world, people's income will decrease, tourism
demand will decrease, visitors will be limited. Travel and consumption patterns will
change drastically, which will cause great damage to the tourism economy. With the
effective control of the domestic epidemic, domestic tourism has gradually moved from
the initial state of complete suspension to an orderly recovery, the demand for tourism has
been further liberated, which has provided a driving force for development. new
developments in the tourism industry.
1) Tourism development trend: According to statistics of the Ministry of Culture, Sports
and Tourism of China, the number of domestic tourists by 2020 is 2.879 billion, down
52.10% over the same period last year. prior to. Domestic tourism revenue reached 2.23
trillion yuan, down 61.10% year-on-year due to the heavy impact of the covid-19
epidemic. In the medium and long term, with the tourism market continuing to improve
and the stable development model unchanged, the tourism industry still plays the role of a
locomotive in stabilizing employment and boosting consumption.
2021 is the first year of China's five-year national development plan. The country is in a
period of important strategic opportunity and pivotal development. From an international
perspective, the world economy has been heavily affected by the spread of the epidemic,
the instability and uncertainty of the international situation, notably the situation on the
Taiwan with US support and the war situation in Afghanistan.
From the perspective of the tourism industry, the tourism industry has become one of the
five largest revenue-generating industries in China, and tourism has gradually become a
core part of life in this billion-people country and a important part of the economy and
people's lives. China has invested a lot in the development of the tourism industry, and the
integration of tourism and other industries is continuously enhanced. With the spread of
the covid-19 pandemic, foreign tourist arrivals are expected to be greatly affected in the
long run, while domestic tourism will be affected less due to an effective vaccination
campaign. of China towards herd immunity.
The tourism economic development strategy is a long-term master plan to develop the
tourism industry under the direction of the whole country or region. industries in the same
period.
2) Tourism industry development strategy
- The main content of the tourism economic development strategy includes two aspects:
+ Firstly, the strategic goals of tourism industry development mainly include growth rate,
change in industrial structure, technological progress that the tourism industry must
achieve as well as requirements to improve the economy. economic, social and tourism
environment.
+ Second, counter measures, ways and means to achieve the strategic objectives of
tourism industry development. The main measures, methods and means are: development
of tourism resources, development of tourism products, construction of tourism facilities,
development of the tourism market, adjustment of the structure of the tourism industry. ,
tourism talent training and funding.
- The tourism economic development strategy can be divided into three levels
+ National tourism economic development strategy
+ Strategies to develop local tourism economy
+ Strategies for economic development of tourism enterprises.
These strategies are linked with each other, with the national tourism economic
development strategy having a directional meaning for the tourism economic
development strategy of subordinates such as localities or businesses.
In the past 30 years, China's tourism industry has made remarkable progress, the size of
the industry has grown, the industry organization has gradually improved, the position of
the industry has become more and more important, and the economic benefits have been
increased. social economy more and more important.
- Some outstanding problems in the development of tourism in China: Tourism
resources are overdeveloped, ecological environment is destroyed, there are too many
tourist hotels, the structure of the tourism industry is extremely unreasonable. urban
infrastructure is backward, related industries are relatively lagging behind.

2.2.1.Strategies are built according to the following principles

1. Principles of adaptation to the development of the country's economy

Tourism is a general industry, its development depends on the general development of the
country's economy. The scale, speed and level of development of the entire country's
economy fundamentally limit the scale, speed and level of development of the tourism
industry.
2. The principle of harmony in the structure of the tourism system
According to the analysis of systems theory, the tourism industry is like a large system,
with the travel agency industry, the hotel and tourism industry, the transportation
industry, the cultural relics industry, the trade and service industry. According to related
principles of system theory, each subsystem in a large system must define its own place
and clarify its own functions so that the common good can be maintained for the large
system to function properly. normal movement. Therefore, when formulating a tourism
economic development strategy, attention must be paid to the relationship between the
locality and the whole, adhering to the principle of a coordinated tourism system
structure.

2.2.2.Overview of the strategy system

This development strategy system mainly includes four aspects: government-led strategy,
new economic growth point strategy, tourism strength strategy and sustainable
development strategy to shape the integrity of the economy aspect.
1. Led by the government
The government-led strategy is to bring into full play the leading role of the government
and strive to further develop the tourism industry based on the tourism industry's own
characteristics of market-based resource allocation.
The process of developing and implementing this strategy involved the central
government, local authorities, national tourism management agencies, local tourism
departments and many cross-sectoral agencies. combined with market and business.
According to the actual conditions and development requirements, it is necessary to focus
and divide many different levels and aspects to form a complete system to promote the
development of the tourism industry, in accordance with the characteristics of a big tourist
country.
Referring to international experience, the main measures to implement the tourism
strategy implemented by the government are as follows: establishing and perfecting the
tourism legal system; upgrade the administrative status of tourism management
departments; tourist tax collection; increase investment in tourism promotion
2. New economic growth point
To select and determine a new economic growth point, four basic principles must be
grasped:
- Meeting the requirements of transforming economic growth modes, in favor of
economic growth
- Large market demand provides increased efficiency
- The degree of industry relevance is high, which is conducive to promoting the
development and upgrading of the structure of related industries.
- Strong international competitiveness, conducive to export and foreign exchange
expansion; a virtuous economic cycle.
3. The power of tourism
China is already a major tourist country, but not yet a strong tourist country. From a large
tourist country to a strong tourist country, the core of this development strategy is quality,
and the goal is to strongly improve competitiveness in the market.
The quality of tourism development and the quality of tourism services form the overall
framework of the tourism power strategy. Pricing strategy, brand strategy, and talent
strategy are the parts that are focused on increasing competitiveness. China will adopt a
series of working measures and countermeasures to form a strong competitiveness and
participate in the fragmentation of the world tourism economy.
4. Sustainable development
Sustainable development strategies have become a worldwide topic and, spanning
centuries, have attracted the wide attention and attention of governments and people
around the world. Sustainable development is not a matter of environmental protection
alone, but is posed from all aspects of social life in general and long-term human
development. According to the definition from the Ministry of Culture, Sports and
Tourism of China, sustainable development is "development that not only meets the needs
of contemporary man without endangering the possibilities of the future. generations to
meet their own needs".
This definition has three main points: the first is to meet the needs of contemporary
people, that is, rich countries, poor countries, rich and poor all have the right to exist and
develop; the second is to consider the satisfaction of future generations, that is, to achieve
between generations the third is to consider the tolerance of the environment and
resources. In other words, it is to achieve lasting coordination of the relationship between
nature and man. The foundation of a tourism sustainable development strategy is the
sustainable use of resources, and the core is the unification of economic, social and
environmental benefits in tourism development. In the process of implementing
sustainable tourism development, macro policies and management measures of the
Government are decisive factors, this is the role of institutional factors in sustainable
development thinking. Sustainable development strategy is the last part of the tourism
development strategy system, in the long run is also the most important part.
*) Generic competitive strategies: China uses a strategy of price competition. As one of
the first countries to successfully produce a vaccine, the epidemic situation in China is
basically under control. Therefore, localities have implemented a very strong tour
discount policy of up to 10-25% to stimulate tourism demand. This policy will last until
the epidemic is completely controlled..
+ China wants to become a powerhouse in tourism by causing obstacles to countries in
the region. With 130 million people traveling each year, it is estimated that the amount of
money Chinese tourists spend while traveling alone amounts to about 30,000 billion yen
($270 billion), accounting for 20% of tourist spending. all around the world.
*) China has been applying the strategy of "preventing" tourism to exert diplomatic
pressure and contain rival countries. China has publicly restricted group tours to a number
of countries around the world, including South Korea and Japan. However, to avoid being
opposed by those countries themselves, the Chinese government does not issue
administrative documents, but often through "oral instructions". In some provinces such
as Beijing or Shandong, some tour operators have also received a ban from selling group
tours to South Korea. Tourist groups to Japan have also been subject to a "restriction
order" for Liaoning, Shandong and Chongqing provinces.
*) International Tourism Alliance (WTA), an organization that has just been established
since September 2018, led by the Chinese. This is also why China's use of the WTA to
exert pressure to gain a diplomatic advantage is becoming more common.

3. Compare tourism development strategy and master plan of Vietnam and China

Criteria Vietnam China

Target Market During the period of Covid-19, the tourism industries of
two countries both focus on:
 domestic tourists
 22 to 45 years old
  medium and high income

Market preferences sightseeing, culture, cuisine, MICE, etc

Sales and reservation Internet, TA, TO, mobile app, website
channels
Price sensitivity Diverse and flexible
Tourism products of Vietnam and China both have a
great advantage in price, although Vietnamese tourism
products have a slight advantage in price compared to
Chinese tourism products, but this competitive criterion
is not really clear because the price advantage between
Chinese and Vietnamese tourism products is almost
equivalent
Peak season July to August

Cultural resources 5 cultural heritages 50 cultural heritages

13 intangible cultural 36 famous intangible
heritages cultural heritages
54 ethnic groups 56 ethnic groups
a history of 4,000 years 7000-year history
=>Have an outstanding
advantage over Vietnam
Destination’s unique Natural and humanistic resources
resources China has a distinct advantage over Vietnam in terms of
humanistic tourism resources. So, to improve the
competitiveness of Vietnam's tourism products
compared to China's, the Vietnamese tourism industry
needs to choose tourism products based on natural
unique resources that Chinese tourism products do not
have or have no advantages such as: sea, mangrove
tourism products, historical resources during the anti-
colonial resistance war French and American empires

Safe& security higher rate Lower rate

Hygiene and food safety need more investment and Better
attention
Local people attitudes Better Worse
Human resources the staff, tour guides in the staff, tour guides are
many destinations are still standardized and
lacking and weak specialized

Management -Roles and responsibilities -The government is

of all levels and branches always interested and has
from central to local levels practical policies to
 have not been fully promote tourism
promoted development.
-The strategy to develop the -Creation of legal
guest market is unclear, corridors, improvements
unscientific, and insensitive in the issuance of entry
to economic and political visas
fluctuations -The tourism, service,
-Inter-sectoral coordination trade, customs,
has not yet effective transportation sectors...
have found a common
voice and coordinated
smoothly
Marketing The Vietnamese brand is China is a country that
being affirmed and pays great attention to its
increasingly polished and image, so its tourism
enhanced. products are highly
aesthetic, and tourism
promotion is always
focused.
Technology - The rate of information A variety of advanced
technology application of technologies have been
tourism enterprises is still innovatively applied in
low. almost all areas of
- The online travel market China's tourism industry.
has not yet developed.
Destination’s core Marketing Operations, Technology
competencies/capabilities
Structure The tourism industry contributes an important GDP to
the country, continuously increasing over the years
=>Tourism industry plays an important role in the
Vietnam and China’s macroeconomic framework
Construction The number of constructions Among the top 10 world
will certainly not be equal to construction markets,
China China accounts for
25.4%, making it the
world's largest single
market
Manufacturing suppliers Related manufacturing suppliers including
accommodation services, transportation services, travel
agencies, tour guides in both countries have a growth in
size as well as quality over the years.
Financial services Digital payment: the trend of e-payment and e-
commerce is taking place more and more excitingly
Exchange money: multiple methods in many places like
banks, ATM, hotels,...
Funding Investment funds for tourism development tend to
increase => the governments of the two countries are
increasingly interested and focused on developing the
tourism industry as a key industry of the country.
SWOT Strength: Safe, peaceful Strength: High GDP
and friendly tourist Growth
destination (ranked 51st) High population
The attitude of the people Huge cultural tourism
is friendly and cheerful resource
Weaks: Tourism products Advanced technology
are not diversified and system, wide advertising
attractive scale
Resources for tourism are Weaks: No intl. social
limited (infrastructure, media
quality of human resources, Restriction on
finance, ..) Property Selling
Opportunity: Unemployment
 Have huge benefits Opportunity:
from the fast growth Urbanization
of the Asia-Pacific Smart tourism
region. Threats: - Trouble with
 The development of Neighboring Countries
information China controls the
technology on the economy of the Asian and
Internet platform in world market with cheap
the context of the labor
Industrial revolution - Smog
4.0
Threats: The competitive
level is raising from other
countries in the Asia-
Pacific region
Strength: Two countries with diverse nature, long
history and culture
The source of cheap young labor accounts for
a large proportion
Travel expenses are average, not too
expensive
Accessibility and travel (visa) at the same
level
Weaks: The quality of human resources is not high
Tourism affects the natural environment
Opportunity: The opportunity for tourism development
is wide when both countries identify tourism as a key
 economic sector
Technological developments have led to many unique
products that attract customers
Threats: Competitors are always present
Challenges in tourism development in response
to environmental and ecological protection, ensuring the
benefits of all parties
Pollution of each school is especially polluted
in big cities
Mission To develop the tourism Tourism is a
industry into a spearhead comprehensive industry
economic sector, creating a and an important driving
driving force for the force for economic
development of other development.
industries and fields
Vision Vietnam has become a Tourism development in
particularly attractive promoting friendship and
destination, belonging to peace, enhancing mutual
the group of 30 countries learning among
with the world's leading civilizations, realizing
tourism competitiveness open cooperation, sharing
development
opportunities, promoting
common prosperity,
promoting security and
stability, protect the
ecological environment
and achieve sustainable
development.

Goals By 2030, total revenue + Becoming a relatively

from tourists: Reach 3,100 large and tourism-
- 3,200 trillion VND intensive country (2021-
(equivalent to 130 - 135 2030)
billion USD), average + Trying to build an
growth of 11 - 12%/year; intensive world tourism
direct contribution to GDP power (2031-2040
reached 15 - 17%.

Actions (1) Develop outstanding (1) Tourism promotes

product brands, corporate the strategy of rural
brands and destination revitalization
brands to gradually build (2) The strategy of
an image and brand for tourism to promote
Vietnam Tourism the construction of
 (2) Identify the target a modern economic
market with market system
segmentation
(3) Cultural tourism
integration and tourism
diplomacy strategy
Key tourism product Sea and island tourism Smart tourism
Strategy By 2025 The tourism industry has
Vietnam becomes an become one of the five
attractive destination, largest revenue-generating
striving to be in the group industries in China
of three leading countries The strategic goals of
in tourism development in tourism industry
Southeast Asia and 50 development mainly
countries with the world's include growth rate,
leading tourism change in industrial
competitiveness structure, technological
By 2030 progress that the tourism
Tourism is really a industry must achieve
spearhead economic sector
and sustainable
development. Vietnam has
become a particularly
attractive destination,
belonging to the group of
30 countries with the
world's leading tourism
competitiveness, fully
meeting the requirements
and goals of sustainable
development.

Generic competitive Focus on different products Focus on spreading the

strategy market
China wants to become a
powerhouse in tourism by
causing obstacles to
countries in the region