General Chemistry 1 Module 13

General
Chemistry 1 11
General Chemistry 1 – Grade 11 Quarter 1 – Module 13: Types of Chemical
Reactions
EXPECTATIONS
This module assist and help you acquire knowledge about the changes that
matter undergo and the types of chemical reactions that occur in matter.
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. classify changes as physical or chemical change;
2. identify the evidences of chemical change; and
3. explain the different types of chemical reactions and give examples for each
type.
LESSON
Look at the picture. Young kids even the old ones love eating ice cream. Do
you know the place in Pasig who is famous in ice cream making? Sumilang is
known for their Sumilang Sorbetero. They served ice cream since 1960. Its been six
decade now. That’s amazing! They made a delightful ice cream that you will want
for another cup. Does ice cream making involve a physical or a chemical
change?
In ice cream making, physical changes occur in dairy products when water
simply evaporated from milk, when churning or whipping causes the fat molecules
to stick together in butter and whip cream.
So, what other changes do matter undergo? Changes in matter may be

classified into physical change or chemical change. A physical change is a
process wherein the identifying properties or the intensive properties of the
substance involved remain unchanged. Here, matter undergo changes in size,
shape, phase and no new substance is being formed.
A phase change is a physical change wherein a substance changes from solid
to liquid and gas, or vise versa.The shredding of paper, chopping of wood and
melting of cube ice are examples of physical change.
In chemical change, new substances with new sets of properties are formed.
The substances that undergo a chemical change are known as reactants, while
those resulting from such change are called products. Examples of chemical
change are mixing of vinegar with baking soda, exploding of fireworks and rotting of
fruits like a banana shown in the picture.
Now, can you identify the evidences of chemical change? A chemical change is
indicated by a change in temperature,; the evolution of gas ; a change in intensive
properties like color, odor, and taste ; the production of light and ; the formation of
a solid compound or precipitate in a solution.
Yo have learned in your grade 10 Chemistry about types of chemical
reactions
and balancing of chemical equations. Let us now further deepen your
knowledge about chemical reactions.
What is a Chemical Reaction?
Many changes occur all the time. These changes take place in the things that are
within us and around us. Changes in matter have a lot of advantages to offer in
human life. However, they can sometimes become undesirable. Chemical Reaction
is a change of one or more substances in which a new substance is formed, having
different composition and properties. In a chemical reaction, the substances which
react together are called reactants, whereas the new substances that are formed
are called products.
Types of Chemical Reactions

1. Synthesis Reaction
The first type of chemical reaction is called Synthesis or Combination reaction.

In a Synthesis reaction , two or more reactants ( usually elements ) combine or
join together to form a compound. , there are two or more chemicals bond together
that form a new product.
General Formula: A + B → AB where A
and B represent elements or compounds.
There are at least four predictable kinds of combination reactions:
a. Metal + non-metal→ salt or oxides

2 Na + Cl2 →2 NaCl
2 Mg + O2 →2MgO
b. Non-metal + non-metal →covalent compound
2H2+ O2 → 2 H2O
N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3
c. Non-metal oxide + water → oxyacid
SO3 + H20→ H2 SO4s
CO 2+ H2O → H2CO3
d. Metal oxide + water → metal hydroxide (base) MgO + H 2O
→Mg(OH)2
CO2 + H2O → H2 CO3
2. Decomposition Reaction
The second type of chemical reaction is the decomposition reaction. In a

decomposition reaction, a compound breakdown into two or more products General
Formula: AB →A + B
Where A and B represent elements or compounds.
1. Ionic compounds may breakdown or decompose to produce elements:
Example: 2 CaO→ 2 Ca+ O2
The five classes of decomposition are:
a. Decomposition of a metallic carbonate. Metallic carbonates decomposes into

metallic oxides and carbon dioxide. CaCO 3→ CaO+ CO2
b. Decomposition of metallic hydroxide. Metallic hydroxides (except sodium
hydroxide and potassium hydroxide decomposes into metallic oxides and
water when heated.
Ca(OH)2→ CaO + H2O
c. Decomposition of metallic chlorate. Metallic chlorates decompose into
metallic chlorides and oxygen when heated.
2 KClO3→ 2 KCl + 3O2
d. Decomposition of some acids. Some acids decompose into non-metallic
oxides and water when heated.
H2CO3 → CO2+ H2O
e. Decomposition of metallic oxide. The way metallic oxides decompose depends
on the nature of the metal.
1. Oxides of metal that are less reactive than copper in the activity series
will decompoae by mild heating.
AgO2 → Ag + O2
2. oxides of metal that are less reactive than the chromium but are more
reactive than mercury will decompose only when heated with
hydrogen at high temperature.
Fe2 O3 + 3 H2 2 Fe + 3 H2 O
3. Oxides of metals that are more reactive than iron will not decompose
by heating even at a very high temperature
Al2O3 No reactions
3.SingleReplacement Reaction
Single replacement reactions replace one element from a compound with

another element.
General Formula: AB + C → AC + B
A + BC → B + AC where A is a metal, or
A + BC →C + BA where A is a non-metal
Example:
Fe(s) + CuSO4 (aq)→ FeSO4(aq) + Cu (s)
• Iron is more reactive than Copper

4. Double Displacement Reaction
In double replacement reactions, the elements between two compounds react

together to form two new compounds.
General Formula: AB + CD → AD + CB
Example:
Two solutions react to form a precipitate (solid) and another solution.
Ionic solution + ionic solution → ionic solution + Ionic solid
When potassium chromate and silver nitrate react together, they form a red
precipitate silver chromate in a solution of Potassium nitrate.
K2 CrO4+ 2 AgNO3→ Ag2CrO4 + 2 KNO3
5. Neutralization Reaction
General Formula: HX + M OX →MX + H2O

Where X and M are elements
Acid + base→ salt + water
Neutralization reaction is a type of double replacement. Here are examples of

Neutralization reactions:
1. Sulfuric acid is used to manufacture chemicals and production of fertilizers.
It is also used to neutralize calcium hydroxide that resulted in the formation of
calcium sulfate and water.
H2 SO4+ Ca (OH)2→ CaSO4 + 2 H2 O
2. Phosphoric acids are usually nontoxic and mildly acidic in nature. It helps to
neutralize the compounds that cause rust such as Iron (II) hydroxide.
2H3PO4 + 3 Fe (OH)2→ Fe3 (PO4)2 + 6 H2O
6.Combustion Reaction
Combustion reactions occur when a compound or element react with oxygen to

release energy and produce an oxide.
It is sometimes referred to as hydrocarbon combustion.
General Formula: CxHy+ O2→ CO2 + H2 O

Where x and y represent integers
Example: Carbohydrates like glucose combine with oxygen inside our body wherein
energy is released for each mole of glucose that is being metabolized.
C6 H12O6 + 6 O2 →6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy

Activity 1. Determine the type of change involve in the following reactions. Write
PC if it is a physical change and CC if the change is chemical change.
1. Lighting of fireworks 6. Cutting of grass

2. Freezing of mercury 7. Rusting of iron
3. Molds on bread 8. Bending a piece of wire
4. Dissolving sugar in water 9. Wood carving
5. Melting of ice 10. Silver ware tarnishing
Activity 2
Match the following chemical reactions with the their corresponding type.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
___1. 2NaBr + Ca(OH)2 →CaBr2 + 2NaOH A. Synthesis
B. Decomposition
___2. 2 H2 + O2→ 2 H2O C. Single
Replacement
____3. CH4+ 2 O2→ CO2 + 2 H2O D. Double
Displacement
____4. 2 NH3 → N 2 + 3 H2
E. Neutralization
____5. ZnCl2 + Cu→ CuCl2 + Zn
F. Combustion
____6. 2 HCl+ Mg(OH)2→ MgCl2 +2H2 O
POSTTEST
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer
1. Which of the following processes does NOT indicate a chemical change?

A. Shredding of paper
B. Formation of gas bubbles
C. Change in chemical reactivity
D. Formation of insoluble precipitate
2. What type of reaction isshown by the equation below?

Zn + 2 NaOH→ H2 g + Na2 ZnO2
A. Combination C. Decomposition
B. Neutralization D. Single Replacement
3. The reaction of calcium oxide with water forming calcium hydroxide is best
classified as:
A. Combination reactions C. Combustion reactions B. Double
replacement reactions D. Single replacement reactions
4. Which of the following are the products in a combustion reaction?
A. Salt and water
B. Carbon dioxide and water
C. Metallic element and water
D. Metallic oxides and carbon dioxide
5. Calcium combines with sulfur producing calcium sulphide is what type of
chemical reaction?
A. combination reaction
B. decomposition reaction
C. double displacement
D. single replacement reaction

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General

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

So, what other changes do matter undergo? Changes in matter may be

Types of Chemical Reactions

The first type of chemical reaction is called Synthesis or Combination reaction.

There are at least four predictable kinds of combination reactions:

a. Metal + non-metal→ salt or oxides

The second type of chemical reaction is the decomposition reaction. In a

The five classes of decomposition are:

a. Decomposition of a metallic carbonate. Metallic carbonates decomposes into

Single replacement reactions replace one element from a compound with

• Iron is more reactive than Copper

In double replacement reactions, the elements between two compounds react

K2 CrO4+ 2 AgNO3→ Ag2CrO4 + 2 KNO3

General Formula: HX + M OX →MX + H2O

Acid + base→ salt + water

Neutralization reaction is a type of double replacement. Here are examples of

2H3PO4 + 3 Fe (OH)2→ Fe3 (PO4)2 + 6 H2O

Combustion reactions occur when a compound or element react with oxygen to

General Formula: CxHy+ O2→ CO2 + H2 O

C6 H12O6 + 6 O2 →6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy

1. Lighting of fireworks 6. Cutting of grass

____6. 2 HCl+ Mg(OH)2→ MgCl2 +2H2 O

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer

1. Which of the following processes does NOT indicate a chemical change?

2. What type of reaction isshown by the equation below?

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