Music Music of The 20 Century: Mapeh
Music Music of The 20 Century: Mapeh
Music Music of The 20 Century: Mapeh
MUSIC
MUSIC OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Impressionism
Neoclassicism Avant-Garde
IMPRESSIONISM
As the world entered the 20th century, a new era in music was introduced and
impressionism was one of the earliest musical forms that paved the way to this
modern era. Impressionism is a French movement in the late 19th and early 20th
century.
- This movement characterizes its works centered on nature and its beauty,
likeness and brilliance.
Features of Impressionism
- String Quartet
- La Mer (1905)
- Première Arabesque
- Clare de Lune (Moonlight) – the third and most famous movement of Suite
bergamasque. This piece has been once used for the movie “Twilight.”
Ravel’s works
EXPRESSIONISM
The term “expressionism” was originally used in visual and literacy arts and
was probably first applied to music in 1918, especially to Schoenberg because
like the painter Wassily Kandanlinsky (1866-1944), he veered away from the
“traditional forms of beauty,” to convey powerfully fillings in his mask.
- This movement presents atonality and the twelve-tone scale revealing
composer’s mind, expressing strong emotions, anxiety, rage, and alienation.
It expresses the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical
reality.
Features of Expressionism
His works
NEOCLASSICISM
- The concerto – five movement work featuring the exceptional talents of each
various soloist in an intricately constructive piece.
- Allegro Barbaro – drew percussive sounds with swirling rhythms where a
solo piano is punctuated.
- Mikrokosmos – 13 years as one of the exceptional works of Bartok. It
contains a collection of six books as a legacy in music introducing and
familiarizing contemporary harmony and rhythm to the piano students
technically and progressively.
AVANT-GARDE
George Gershwin
- He was considered as a phenomenal composer, a cross-over artist, and a
father of American Jazz. Noteworthy of evidence with his numerous songs,
serious compositions remain highly popular in the classical repertoire, and
with the mixture of the primitive and sophisticated music which lasted long
after his death.
- 369 musical compositions
- He was fascinated with classical music influenced by Ravel, Stravinsky,
Berg, and Schoenberg as well as the group of contemporary that shapes the
character of his major works like half jazz and half classical known as “Les
Six.” He died last July 11, 1937 in Hollywood, California, USA.
Works of Gershwin
- West Side Story (1957) – the American version of Romeo and Juliet
- Candide (1956) – a Broadway hit
- Mass (1971)
MODERN NATIONALISM
ARTS
EXPRESSIONISM: A BOLD NEW MOVEMENT
In the early 1900s, there arose in Western art world movement that came to be
known as expressionism. Expressionist artists created works with some more
emotional force, rather than with realistic or natural images. To achieve this,
they distorted the outlines, applied strong colors and exaggerated forms. They
worked more with their imagination and feelings, rather than with what their
eyes saw in the physical world.
NEOPRIMITIVISM
Neoprimitivism was an art style that incorporated elements from the native arts
of the South Sea Islanders and the wood carvings of African tribes which
suddenly became popular at that time. Among the Western artists who adapted
these elements was Amedeo Modigliani, who used the oval faces and elongated
shapes of African art in both his sculptures and paintings. (Ethnocentric)
Fauvism was a style that used bold, vibrant colors and visual distortions. Its
name was derived from les fauves (“wild beasts”), referring to the group of
French expressionist painters who painted in this style. Perhaps the most
known among them was Henri Matisse. (combination of post-impressionism
and expressionism )
DADAISM
Figure 5. Melancholy
and Mystery of a Street Figure 6. I and the
by Glorgio de Chirico Village by Marc Chagall
SURREALISM
SOCIAL REALISM
Social realism expressed the artist’s role in social reform. Here, artists used
their works to protest against the injustices, inequalities, immorality, and
ugliness of the human condition. It adheres to reality and avoids romantic
embellishments. In different periods of history, social realists have addressed
different issues: war, poverty, corruption, industrial and environmental
hazards, and more – in the hope of raising people’s awareness and pushing
society to seek reforms. Ben Shahn’s Miners’ Wives, for example, spoke out
against the hazardous conditions faced by coal miners, after a tragic accident
killed 111 workers in Illinois in 1947, leaving their wives and children in
mourning.
Figure 9. Guernica by
Pablo Picasso
Pablo Picasso’s Guernica has been recognized as
the most monumental and comprehensive statement of social
realism against the brutality of war. Filling one wall of the
Spanish Pavilion at the 1937 World’s Fair in Paris, it was
Picasso’s outcry against the German air raid of the town of
Guernica in his native Spain.
Created in the mid-1900’s Guernica combined
artistic elements developed in the earlier decades with those still
to come. It made use of the exaggeration, distortion, and shock
Figure 10. Krista by
technique of expressionism. At the same time, it had elements of
Paolo Baen Santos the emerging style that would later be known as cubism.
ABSTRACTIONISM
The abstractionist movement arose from the intellectual points of view in the
20th century. In the world of science, physicists were formulating a new view of
the universe, which resulted in the concepts of space-time and relativity. While
expressionism was emotional, abstractionism was logical and rational. It
involved analyzing, detaching, selecting, and simplifying. (Focuses on
intellectualism since it is the year of science). The following art styles are the
groups under abstractionism.
CUBISM
The cubist style was derived from the word cube, a three-dimensional geometric
figure composed of lines, planes, and angles. Cubist artworks were, therefore, a
play of planes and angles on a flat surface. Foremost among the cubists was
Spanish painter/sculptor Pablo Picasso, considered as father of Cubism.
Figure 11. Seated Figure 12. The Three Figure 13. Woman with
Woman by Pablo Picasso Musicians by Pablo a Guitar by Georges
Picasso Braque
FUTURISM
MECHANICAL STYLE
In the mechanical style of art, basic forms such as planes, cones, spheres, and
cylinders all fit together in a precise and neat manner. This is the result or
continuation of the futurist movement.
NON-OBJECTIVISM
The term non-object works in the non-objectivism style did not make use of
figures or even representations of figures. This style came from the logical,
geometrical conclusion of abstractionism. Non-objectivism is also called pure
art or minimal art and did not refer to recognizable objects or forms in the
outside world.
ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM
In the 1920s and 1930s, aspiring young American painters, sculptors, and
writers sailed to Europe to expand their horizons. But during the dark days of
World War II, a reverse migration brought European scientists, architects, and
artists to American shores. New York, in particular, became a haven for the
newly-arrived artists and their American counterparts. The result was the
establishment of what came to be known as “The New York School”—as opposed
to “The School of Paris” that had been very influential in Europe. The daring
young artists in this movement succeeded in creating their own synthesis of
Europe’s cubist and surrealist styles. Their style came to be known as abstract
expressionism.
ACTION PAINTING
They worked on huge canvasses spread on the floor, splattering, squirting, and
dribbling paint with no planned pattern or design in mind. The total effect is
one of vitality, creativity, “energy include visible.” This one form of abstract
expressionism was seen in the works of Jackson Pollock. Also called gestural
painting.
COLOR FIELD PAINTING AND ITS PAINTERS
By the early 1960s, the momentum of The New York School slowed down. In
its place, a new crop of artists came on the scene using lighter treatment and
flashes of humor, even irreverence, in their artworks. The movements they
brought about have come to be called:
NEODADAISM
As the term implies, conceptual art was that which arose in the mind of the
artist, took concrete form for a time, and then disappeared. A key difference
between a conceptual artwork and a traditional painting or sculpture is that
the conceptualist’s work often requires little or no physical craftsmanship.
Conceptualists questioned the idea of art as objects to be bought and sold.
Instead, they brought their artistic ideas to life temporarily, using such
unusual materials as grease, blocks of ice, food, even just plain dirt. (focuses
on behind the scenes)
Pop Art was brash, colorful, young, fun, and hostile to the artistic
establishment. It was hugely successful and became an icon of the 1960s. the
champions of Pop Art were Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol (the leading figure
of Pop Art), and Tom Wesselmann. It coincided with the globalization of pop
music and youth culture, personified by Elvis and The Beatles.
Jose T. Joya
- Joya was a Filipino abstract artist and a National Artist of the Philippines
awardee. He was a printmaker, painter, mixed media artist, and a former
dean of the University of the Philippines' College of Fine Arts. He pioneered
abstract expressionism in the Philippines. His canvases were characterized
by "dynamic spontaneity" and "quick gestures" of action painting.
INSTALLATION ART
PERFORMANCE ARTS
Additional:
Still Life - A work of art in which ordinary household objects such as vases of
flowers, plate, fruit, food, and the like are depicted as the main subject.