Physics Revision 2

Year
8 Physics Energy Revision.notebook June 09, 2021
Title: Physics Revision
Starter:
Define the following:
a) Heat
b) Temperature
c) Conductor
d) Insulator
e) Radiation
f) Kinetic Energy
Expectations
1) Bring ALL your equipment to every single lesson.
2) Do not talk when somebody else is talking.
3) Complete all the work to the best of your
abilities.
What you can expect from me:
4) More achievement points!
1
Year 8 Physics Energy Revision.notebook June 09, 2021
Homework
Due: Monday 14th
Write this down in your planner.
1) Teams Homework (Quiz)
2) Assigned pages in your revision booklet
8Sc3 Revision Booklet: Physics
Contents:
Heat Energy
Boiling Water
Heat Transfer
Energy Transfer
Efficiency & Sankey Diagrams
GPE & KE
Work Done & Power
Name........................................................
Class ......................................................
Teacher .....................................................
Key Equations
1. work done = force x distance E = F x d
2. graviational potential energy = mass x gravitational x height
field strength
GPE = m x g x h
3. power = energy transferred / time P = E / t
4. kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x velocity2 KE = 1/2 mv2
2
Key Definitions
heat: the transfer of thermal energy from one place to another
temperature: a measure of how hot an object is
pressure: the force exerted by particles colliding with the surface of hte
container
density: mass of a substance per unit volume
conduction: heat transfer in or between solids
conductor: substance that allows thermal energy to move through it
easily
insulator: substance that does not allow thermal energy to move
through it easily
convection: heat transfer in liquids or gases
radiation: heat transfer by an object emitting EM radiation
efficiency: a proportion of input energy that is transferred to a useful
form
work done: energy transferred when a force acts through a distance
gravitational potential energy: energy stored in objects that can fall
kinetic energy: how fast something is moving
power: rate of energy transfer
renewable resource: an energy source that will not run out
nonrenewable resource: an ergy source that will run out
MWBs
Draw and label the 3 states of matter.
Give the units for heat and temperature.
3
1 Particles, Heat, and Temperature
Q1: State the definition for the following key terms:
a)Pressure................................................................................
..................................................................................................
b)Density...................................................................................
..................................................................................................
Q2: Describe the particles in a:
a)Solid.......................................................................................
..................................................................................................
b)Liquid.....................................................................................
..................................................................................................
c)gas ........................................................................................
..................................................................................................
Q3: State the three factors that affect heat energy
1) ..............................................................................................
2) ..............................................................................................
3) ..............................................................................................
What piece of equipment measures
MWBs temperature? thermometer
When does conduction occur?
heating solids
particles must be in direct contact
heat transferred through vibrating particles
heat transferred from hotter object to colder
object
4
2 Conduction
Q1. Fill in the gaps (3)
Conduction is when particles .............................. or vibrate
transferring energy between them. Energy is transferred
from the ............................ object to the ................... object.
This is most likely in ............................. where the particles
are closer together. Gases and ........................ are poor
conductors.
1. liquids 2. solids 3. colder 4. hotter 5. collide
Q2. Explain why metals are very good conductors (2)
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
Q3. State the properties that make a good insulator (2)
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
MWBs
Student A thinks radiators heat a room through
radiation. Student B thinks radiators heat a room
through convection. Explain who is correct.
5
3 Convection
Convection occurs in ................................. or ........................... .
Convection is when warm particles ..........................................
They do this because as the particles heat up they
.............................. and rise above the more ........................ air
around them. After they rise they start to ............................ and
so they sink back ..................................................
Then then can get heated again in a convection .......................
current gases lose kinetic energy

dense
down gain kinetic energy liquids
rise cool solids
Q2. Explain why convection cannot occur in solids (2).
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
Q3. Explain how earthquakes are formed in the mantle (6).
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
6
MWBs
True or false:
Radiation is emitted through particles
Radiation can occur in space
Black, dark colours absorb less radiation than shiny colours
Radiation is emitted through electromagnetic waves
4 Radiation
Radiation is the process of hot objects giving off
.......................... waves. The waves can travel through an area
that has no .............................................. An area with no particles
is called a .........................
Objects that are ................... and .........................are good at
absorbing radiation.
Objects that are ...................... and ................are bad at absorbing
radiation.
white electromagnetic vacuum

red
dull shiny sound
black
particles
7
Q2. Why are thermos flasks silver and shiny? (3)
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
Q3. Why can astronauts in space get very hot? (3)
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
Methods of Heat Transfer
MWBs
Match each method of heat transfer to how it works.
a) conduction 1. heat emitted through waves, does not
involve particles
2. occurs in solids when particles
b) convection transfer heat through collisions with
neighbouring particles
c) radiation 3. occurs in liquids and gases when
particles with more heat energy rise and
particles with less heat energy sink
8
1 Comparison
Conduction Convection
Conduction
+ Convection
All 3
Conduction Convection
+ Radiation + Radiation
Radiation
Word bank:
solids liquids and gases no particles
collide transfer heat energy hot to cold
density convection current reflect
vibrate kinetic energy waves
repeat emit absorb
infrared electromagnetic vacuum
2 Summarising Heat Energy Transfer
Conduction
Conduction happens in .................
Particles ................ and collide with the particle next to it.
Energy gets passed on to the next particle. Metals
are .............. conductors because they
contain ......................... electrons. Nonmetals
are ................ conductors.
delocalised poor vibrate solids good
Convection
Convection happens in .....................or ......................
....................... air rises because it is
less ................... . ............ air sinks to the
ground because it is ................ dense. This causes
convection ...................
dense warm gases currents cold
liquids more
Radiation
................... radiation is emitted by hot objects. Radiation
can travel through .............. and does not rely on particles
to move.
................. and dull surfaces are good absorbers of
radiation. They are good radiators and ............. a lot of
radiation.
Light and shiny surfaces are ................. absorbers of
radiation as they ..................... radiation away.
emit dark reflect infrared space poor
9
5 Practice
Explain what methods of heat transfer occur when
boiling water. (6)
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
...................................................................................
Conduction:
Metal particles gain heat energy and kinetic energy
Vibrate and collide more, transferring energy
Convection
Water particles closest to heat source warm up and
increase energy
Spread out, lose density rise
cooler particles pushed to heat source, repeats
(convection current)
Radiation
Infrared radiation (heat) emitted from the fire
10
Title: Revision Energy
Starter
1) State the difference between conduction, convection
and radiation.
2) Explain how conduction occurs.
3) Describe the arrangement of a liquid.
4) Explain 3 factors that can affect the amount of heat
energy in an object.
5) Name the 9 types of energy.
6 Energy Types & Transfers
Q1. Match each energy type to its definition
1. Stored energy in stretched or
a) Chemical potential
squashed objects
b) Kinetic
2. Heat energy
c) Thermal
3. Energy stored in batteries, fuels, food
d) Elastic potential
4. Energy in moving objects
Q2. Describe the energy transfers occurring in each scenario.
a) Dropping a book
...................................................................................................
b) Climbing a mountain
...................................................................................................
c) Using a hairdryer
...................................................................................................
11
MWBs
What is efficiency?
Calculate the efficiency of a phone that uses 365 J of
electrical energy and converts to 100 J heat energy and 265
J of light and sound energy.
Extension: Draw a Sankey diagram for the phone
7 Efficiency
Q1. What is the equation to calculate efficiency (1)
Q2. In a light bulb for every 25 joules of energy that is supplied to the
bulb, 5 joules are usefully transferred into light energy. Calculate the
efficiency of the bulb.
Q3. An car uses 100,000J of chemical energy and converts 85,000J to
kinetic energy, A lorry uses 233,000J of chemical energy
and converts 212,000J to kinetic energy. Which is more
efficient? (4)
Extension: Draw Sankey diagrams for Q2 and Q3.
12
8 Sankey Diagrams
Q1. What is a Sankey diagram? (1)
Q2. A car uses 100,000J of chemical energy and converts 85,000J to
kinetic energy and the rest to thermal energy. Draw a Sankey diagram.
(3)
Q3. Draw a Sankey diagram for a light bulb that uses 500 J of electrical
energy and converts 120 J into heat energy and the rest to light energy.
(3)
Calculating GPE
GPE = Mass x change in height x gravitational field
strength
Units:
GPE= Joules (J)
Mass= kilograms (kg)
Height= metres (m)
Gravity= Newtons/kilogram (N/kg)
Symbols:
Mass= m
Height= h
Gravitational field strength= g
13
MWB
What is the symbol for mass?
What is the unit for GPE?
What is the unit for gravity?
MWB
A student weights 50 kg climbs on a platform which is

1.2m higher than the floor. Calculate the increase in
GPE
1. If Maria lifts a mass of 10 kg onto a table 1.25 m high, How
much G.P.E. has the mass gained?
2. If Sophie climbs a ladder 3.2 m tall, and Sophie has a mass of
48 kg, how much G.P.E. has she gained?
3. A man of mass 80 kg standing at the top of a tall building has
433 000 J of G.P.E. How tall is the building?
14
4 Practice
GPE
On Earth, a ball of mass 0.5kg is kicked straight up.
m g h
How much GPE does it have at its highest point
6m off the ground?
GPE = 0.5 x 10 x 6 = 30J
On the Moon, if the same ball were given the same amount
of GPE, how high would it have to be above the surface?
Gravity on moon= 1.6 N/kg
h = GPE / (m x g) = 30 / (0.5 x 1.6) = 37.5m
As osprey has a mass of 2kg and is flying at a height of

200m. What is it‛s GPE?
GPE = m x g x h
GPE = 2kg x 10N/kg x 200m = 4,000J
5
Extra Practice
GPE
1. If Maria lifts a mass of 10 kg onto a table 1.25 m high. m g h
How much G.P.E. has the mass gained?
2. If Sophie climbs a ladder 3.4 m tall, and Sophie has a mass of 48

kg, how much G.P.E. has she gained?
3. A man of mass 80 kg standing at the top of a tall building has

96000 J of G.P.E. How tall is the building?
4. How much G.P.E. would the man in question 3 have if the same
building were on the moon? (g = 1.6 N/kg on the moon)
5. A girl (on the earth) drops a ball of mass 0.5 kg from a height of
2 metres.
i. How much G.P.E. does the ball have before it has dropped?
ii. How much G.P.E. does it have once it hits the ground?
iii. What happens to all of the GPE? (think about energy

transfers)
15
6 Challenge Questions
1. A cyclist travels down a slope.
The top of the slope is 20 m vertically above the bottom of
the slope. The cyclist has a mass of 75 kg.
Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the
cyclist between the top and the bottom of the slope. (3)
2.
Shotput is an Olympic event. The shot is a heavy ball. An
athlete throws the shot as far as possible.
In one throw, the shot continues to rise by another 1.3 m after
it leaves the athlete's hand. The mass of the shot is 7.26 kg.
Calculate the amount of gravitational potential energy gained
by the shot. (2)
Calculating KE
Kinetic Energy = ½ x mass x Velocity2
Units:
KE= Joules (J)
Mass= kilograms (kg)
Velocity= m/s
Example:
A car with a mass of 500 kg is moving at a velocity of 12 m/s2.
How much kinetic energy does it have?
1/2 x 500 x (12)2

= 36,000 J
16
MWB
Rearrange the equation to solve for:
mass
velocity
MWBs
A car with a mass of 500 kg is moving at a velocity of 12 m/s.

How much kinetic energy does it have?
36 000 J
Calculate the mass of an object that has 100 J of kinetic
energy and is moving with a velocity of 20 m/s

0.5 kg
A sprinter has kinetic energy of 1000J and a mass of

68kg. How fast is the sprinter running?
17
2 Exam Question
= 1/2 x 8.0 kg x (1.5m/s)2
= 9 J
= 1/2 x (68 kg) x (12 m/s)2
= 4896 J
18
3 Calculating Work Done
A man pushes a shopping trolley for 100 m. He exerts
a force of 20 N. How much work is done?
E
Step 1: Write the equation F d
E = F x d
Step 2: Find the numbers in the questions and substitute
them in.
E = 20 x 100
Step 3: Calculate your answer and include units
E = 2000 J
Checkpoint
A man lifts a box using a force of 50 N. He lifts it 2 m
off the ground. Calculate the work done.
E
Step 1: Write the equation F d
E = F x d
Step 2: Find the numbers in the questions and substitute
them in.
E = 50 x 2
Step 3: Calculate your answer and include units
E = 100 J
19
4 Calculating Work Done: Practice
1) How much work is done when a man lifts a box
weighing 200N off the floor to a shelf 2m high?
Step 1: write the equation
Step 2: substitute in numbers
Step 3: calculate your answer
2) Calculate the work done when a woman pushes a ball
with a force of 5 N for a distance of 500 m.
Mixed Practice
• Calculate the force applied if the work done was 12 kJ and the
distance moved was 500 m.
F = E/t
E = 12 kJ = 12000 J d = 500 m
F = 12000/500
F = 24 N
• Calculate the distance moved if the force applied was 3 N and
the work done was 126 J.
D = E/F
E = 126 J F = 3 N
D = 126/3
D = 42 m
• Calculate the distance moved if the force applied was 7 N and
the work done was 560 J.
D = E/F
D = 560/6
D = 80 m
20
4. A man pushed a lawn mower 2 meters and applies a 5N
force, how much work is he doing?
5. A woman pushes a cart with a force of 3 N and 6J of work.
What distance does she travel?
6. A person lifts a child with a weight of 430 N a distance of 1.8
metres. HOw much work are they doing?
Calculating Power
Power can be calculated using the following equation:
Power = energy transferred
time
Power is in watts (W)
Energy is in joules (J)
Time is in seconds (s)
Can you put this in a
X
triangle equation?
21
Checkpoint
What is the symbol for Power?
What is the unit for Power?
What is the unit for energy?
4 Calculating Power: Practice
1) A toaster transfers 5000 J of energy in 5 seconds.
Calculate the power of the toaster.
2) A mobile phone transfers 3000 J of energy in 100
seconds. Calculate the power of the phone.
22
7 Calculating Energy
A computer with a power rating of 1000 W was on for 90
seconds. Calculate the energy it transfers.
Calculating Time
9
A mobile phone with a power of 5 W transferred 2000 J of
energy. How long was it on for?
23
24

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Year

current gases lose kinetic energy

white electromagnetic vacuum

solids liquids and gases no particles

collide transfer heat energy hot to cold

density convection current reflect

vibrate kinetic energy waves

repeat emit absorb

infrared electromagnetic vacuum

delocalised poor vibrate solids good

emit dark reflect infra­red space poor

A student weights 50 kg climbs on a platform which is

As osprey has a mass of 2kg and is flying at a height of

GPE = 2kg x 10N/kg x 200m = 4,000J

2. If Sophie climbs a ladder 3.4 m tall, and Sophie has a mass of 48

3. A man of mass 80 kg standing at the top of a tall building has

iii. What happens to all of the GPE? (think about energy

Kinetic Energy = ½ x mass x Velocity2

1/2 x 500 x (12)2

A car with a mass of 500 kg is moving at a velocity of 12 m/s.

Calculate the mass of an object that has 100 J of kinetic

energy and is moving with a velocity of 20 m/s

A sprinter has kinetic energy of 1000J and a mass of

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emit dark reflect infrared space poor