Lab Report Upsi SKT1013 Diploma Science Experiment 6
Lab Report Upsi SKT1013 Diploma Science Experiment 6
Lab Report Upsi SKT1013 Diploma Science Experiment 6
LABORATORY REPORT
ID NUMBER 1. E20181019624
2. E20181019660
NAME 1. NUR AIMAN SYAZWANI BINTI ZULKEFLE
2. NUR AYUNI ADIBAH BINTI MOHD ASRI
GROUP I
LECTURER DR. NOORSHIDA BINTI MOHD ALI
EXPERIMENT NO. 6
TITLE LIGAND REPLACEMENT REACTION FOR SYNTHESIS OF
[Ni(NH3)6Cl2]
DATE 3RD DECEMBER 2019
OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this experiment, we are able to synthesis hexaamminenickel (II) chloride.
INTRODUCTION
This experiment involves water molecules acts as ligand forming bonds to nickel(II) ions with
octahedral molecular geometry bearing six ligands which are symmetrically arranged around the
central atom. This complex will produce the different colour from its initial state colour.
MATERIALS
In aqueous solution nickel ion Ni2+ is surrounded by six water molecules which are actually
bonded to the central metal ion. This complex is called the hexaquonickel(II) ion. When
aqueous nickel chloride is precipitated from solution, the nickel ions carry their six water
molecules into the crystals and so solid nickel(II) chloride is hydrated, has the formula
[Ni(H2O)6]Cl2, and is more properly called hexaquonickel(II) chloride. If ammonia is added to a
solution of this salt, ammonia molecules compete with the water in bonding Ni 2+ and because the
ammonia forms a stronger bond than water, the ammonia replaces the water according to:
[Ni(H2O)6]Cl2(aq) + 6 NH3(aq) → [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2(aq) + 6 H2O (l)
In this net ionic equation, the product [Ni(NH3)6]2+ is called hexamminenickel(II) ion.
In this experiment we will synthesize the complex salt hexamminenickel(II) chloride. In the next
experiment we will analyze for the percent ammonia in this salt.
CALCULATIONS
Calculate the theoretical yield, which is the mass of [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 produced assuming that
all of your [Ni(H2O)6]Cl2 was converted.
[Ni(H2O)6]Cl2 : [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2
1:1
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, we can conclude that hexaamminenickel (II) chloride achieved being synthesis by
ligand replacement reaction. The synthesis of nickel (II) - complexes passes over ligand
substitution reactions where one or several ligands are replaced by other ones. These reactions
are equilibrium reaction. The percentage yield of [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 was reasonable but the yields
was not 100 % because ligand substitution are reversible. The minimal volume of solvent should
be used for washing as the crystals may dissolve and hence, reduce the percentage yield of
[Ni(NH3)6]Cl2. So, based on the experiment, the results for percentage yield of [Ni(NH 3)6]Cl2 is
48.24 % .
REFERENCES
1. Weller, M., Overton, T., Rourke J., Armstrong, F.A.(2014). Inorganic chemistry. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
2. Bajia, S.C. (2013). Synthesis and characterization of some group 9 and 10 metal complexes:
with ligands containing group 16 elements. Riga Latvia: Scholar’s Press.