Lab Manual - EG-2021-22 Even (Sem 2)

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
SECTOR-28, GANDHINAGAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
LAB MANUAL
Of
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & DESIGN
(Subject Code-3110013)
(FOR EVEN TERM ‐ YEAR- 2021-2022)
Name:
Roll No: Enroll No:
Branch: Batch:
1
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, SECTOR 28, GANDHINAGAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr./Miss
of Branch Sem- , Enrollment No. ,
has satisfactorily completed his/her term work for the subject Engineering Graphics (3110013)
during EVEN term-2021-2022.
Date: / /
Signature of Faculty Head of the Department

Name:
Roll No: Enroll No:
Branch: Batch:
INDEX
COMPLETION FACULTY MARKS

NO. TITLE OF SHEET
DATE SIGNATURE. (10)
1 PRACTICE SHEET
2 SCALE
3 LOCI OF POINTS (In sketch book only)
4 ENGINEERING CURVES
5 PROJECTIONS OF LINES
6 PROJECTIONS OF PLANES
PROJECTIONS OF SOLID, SECTION OF SOLID
7
AND DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACE
8 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
9 ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
10 USE OF AUTOCAD
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Course Outcome:
Sr. No. CO statement

CO 1 Know and understand the conventions and the methods of engineering drawing
CO 2 Interpret engineering drawings using fundamental technical mathematics.
CO 3 Construct basic and intermediate geometry and comprehend the theory
CO 4 Improve their visualization skills so that they can apply these skills in developing
new products.
CO 5 Improve their technical communication skill in the form of communicative
drawings
CO 6 Use computer software for engineering drawing
Mapping of PO and COs of Courses for workshop/ manufacturing practices
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 Y Y Y
CO2 Y Y Y Y Y Y
CO3 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
CO4 Y Y Y Y Y Y
CO5 Y Y Y Y
CO6 Y Y Y Y
Program Outcomes:
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an
engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems
reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design system
components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and
safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods including
design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid
conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT
tools including prediction and modelling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The Engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health,
safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in societal and
environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the
engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and
in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community
and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation,
make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and
management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects
and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and
life- long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
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DRAFTING EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED
1) Mechanical pencil (clutch pencil) – 0.5mm size. Lead box – 0.5mm size, 2H grade.
2) Eraser.
3) Ruler or Parallel ruler (roll-n-draw ruler) – 15cm to 30cm.
4) Set square – 30° & 45°.
5) Protector (no need to buy separate protector if it is inbuilt in set square).
6) French curve.
7) Rounder (which can accommodate Mechanical pencil).
8) Mini drafter.
9) Sheet box (Sheet container).
10) Drawing board – A2 size (optional).
11) Drawing clips (preferably made up of plastic).
12) Drawing sheets - A2 size.
13) Sketch book – A3 size (for lectures).
Note: Students can use second hand instruments which are in usable condition.
COMMON INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS FOR LAB WORK
 All students are advised to draw all sheets during their respective LAB HOURS. It will help
them to understand drawing methodology, techniques and through knowledge of the
subject.
 Steps to be followed to prepare & submit Drawing Sheet:
1) Draw border line & Title Block as per given sheet layout on A2 Size sheet.
2) Take ‘Starting Sign’ from concern faculty member.
3) Understand all the sheet problems and solve doubts if any from concern faculty.
4) Draw the solutions of problems on sheet. Do not write problem statement on sheet.
5) Take ‘Checking Sign’ from concern faculty member.
6) If any correction is given, correct them and take ‘Completion Sign’ from concern faculty
member.
7) Sheet is consider submitted only after it gets ‘Completion Sign’
 Drawing standard (for all sheets).

 All text must be drawn in CAPITAL LETTERS.
 Keep all text height 3mm. (except title block text & dimension text)
 Use ‘Aligned dimension style’ in all sheets.
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SHEET NO 1: INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
1) Draw a straight line 129 mm long and divide it into 13 equal divisions.
2) Types of line. (Table-1)
3) Dimension system – Aligned & Unidirectional (Figure 3).
4) Draw regular polygons from triangle to octagon on common baseline of 50mm using ruler
and rounder.
5) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM (Write the sentence with the help of 6 mm stencil)
6) Trisect the right angle.
7) Draw the figure to explain the aligned and unidirectional system of dimensioning. (S-2020)
LINES (IS 10714 (Part 20): 2001 and SP 46: 2003

Just as in English textbook the correct words are used for making correct sentences; in
Engineering Graphics, the details of various objects are drawn by different types of lines. Each
line has a definite meaning and sense to convey.
IS 10714 (Part 20):2001 (General principles of presentation on technical drawings) and SP

46:2003 specify the following types of lines and their applications:
 Visible Outlines, Visible Edges: (Continuous thick lines) The lines drawn to represent the
visible outlines/visible edges/surface boundary lines of objects should be outstanding in
appearance.
 Dimension Lines: (Continuous thin Lines) Dimension Lines are drawn to mark dimension.
 Extension Lines: (Continuous thin Lines) There are extended slightly beyond the respective
dimension lines.
 Construction Lines: (Continuous thin Lines) Construction Lines are drawn for constructing
drawings and should not be erased after completion of the drawing.
 Hatching /Section Lines: (Continuous thin Lines) Hatching Lines are drawn for the sectioned
portion of an object. These are drawn inclined at an angle of 45° to the axis or to the main
outline of the section.
 Guide Lines: (Continuous thin Lines) Guide Lines are drawn for lettering and should not be
erased after lettering.
 Short Break Lines: Wavy continuous narrow line drawn freehand is used to represent break
of an object.
 Long Break Lines: Straight continuous thin line with zigzags is used to represent break of an
object.
 Dashed Lines: (Short Dashed Lines) Hidden edges/ Hidden outlines of objects are shown by
dashed lines of short dashes of equal lengths of about 3 mm, spaced at equal distances of
about 1 mm. the points of intersection of these lines with the outlines of another hidden line
should be clearly shown.
 Center Lines: (Long Chain Thin) Center Lines are drawn at the center of the drawings
symmetrical about an axis or both the axes. These are extended by a short distance beyond
the outline of the drawing. The size of line segments of center lines in mm are as below.
 Cutting Plane Lines: Cutting Plane Line is drawn to show the location of a cutting plane. It is
long-dashed dotted narrow line, made wide at the ends, bends and change of direction. The
direction of viewing is shown by means of arrows resting on the cutting plane line.
 Border Lines: Border Lines are continuous thick lines of minimum thickness 0.7 mm.
Understanding the various types of lines used in drawing (i.e.,) their thickness, style of
construction and appearance as per BIS and following them meticulously may be considered as
the foundation of good drawing skills. Following Table-1 shows various types of lines with the
recommended applications.
Table 1 (Sheet 1 – Problem 2)
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Line width means line thickness. Choose line widths according to the size of the drawing from
the following range: 0.13, 0.18, 0.25, 0.35, 0.5, 0.7 and 1 mm.
BIS recommends two line widths on a drawing. Ratio between the thin and thick lines on a
drawing shall not be less than 1: 2.
Precedence of Lines
1) When a Visible Line coincides with a Hidden Line or Center Line, draw the Visible Line. Also,
extend the Center Line beyond the outlines of the view.
2) When a Hidden Line coincides with a Center Line, draw the Hidden Line.
3) When a Visible Line coincides with a Cutting Plane, draw the Visible Line.
4) When a Center line coincides with a Cutting Plane, draw the Center Line and show the
cutting Plane line outside the outlines of the view at the ends of the Center Line by thick
dashes.
LETTERING [IS 9609 (PART 0): 2001 AND SP 46: 2003

Lettering is defined as writing of titles, sub-titles, dimensions, etc., on a drawing.
1) Lettering Type A: (i) Vertical and (ii) Sloped (at 75 ° to the horizontal)
Types of Single Stroke Letters
2) Lettering Type B: (i) Vertical and (ii) Sloped (at 75° to the horizontal)
Type B Preferred over Type A
In Type A, height of the capital letter is divided into 14 equal parts, while in Type B, height of
the capital letter is divided into 10 equal parts. Type B is preferred for easy and fast execution,
because of the division of height into 10 equal parts.
Vertical Letters Preferred
Vertical letters are preferred for easy and fast execution, instead of sloped letters.
Note: Lettering in drawing should be in CAPITALS (i.e Upper-case letters).

Size of Letters is measured by the height h of the CAPITAL letters as well as numerals.
Size of Letters
 Standard heights for CAPITAL letters and numerals recommended by BIS are given below:
1.8, 2.5, 3.5, 5, 6, 10, 14 and 20 mm
Note: Size of the letters may be selected based upon the size of drawing.
CAPITAL Letters
 Ratio of height to width for most of the CAPITAL letters is approximately= 10:6
 However, for M and W, the ratio= 10:8 for I the ratio= 10:2
Numerals
 For numerals 0 to 9, the ratio of height to width= 10: 5. For 1, ratio= 10: 2 Spacing
 Spacing between characters= a = (2 /10)h
 Spacing between words= e = (6/10)h
Guide Lines
In order to obtain correct and uniform height of letters and numerals, guide lines are drawn.
1) Thin horizontal guide lines are drawn first at a distance 'h' apart.
Procedure for Lettering
2) Lettering Technique: Horizontal lines of the letters are drawn from left to right. Vertical,
inclined and curved lines are drawn from top to bottom.
3) After lettering has been completed, the guidelines are not erased.
Figure 1
Figure 2)
EXAMPLE IN LETTERING PRACTICE

Write freehand the following, using single stroke vertical CAPITAL letters of 5 mm (h) size
DIMENSIONING
Drawing of a component, in addition to providing complete shape description, must also furnish
information regarding the size description. These are provided through the distances between
the surfaces, location of holes, nature of surface finish, type of material, etc. The expression of
these features on a drawing, using lines, symbols, figures and notes is called dimensioning.
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Different components of dimension & their size are as explained in following figure.
Methods of Indicating Dimensions
Method - 1 (Aligned method)

Dimensions should be placed parallel to and above their dimension lines and preferably at the
middle, and clear of the line. Dimensions may be written so that they can be read from the
bottom or from the right side of the drawing.
Method - 2 (Uni-directional method)
Dimensions should be indicated so that they can be read from the bottom of the drawing only.
Figure 3 (Sheet 1 – Problem 3)

Principles of Dimensioning
Some of the basic principles of dimensioning are given below.
1) All dimensional information necessary to describe a component clearly and completely shall
be written directly on a drawing.
2) Each feature shall be dimensioned once only on a drawing, i.e., dimension marked in one
view need not be repeated in another view.
3) Dimension should be placed on the view where the shape is best seen.
4) As far as possible, dimensions should be expressed in one unit only preferably in millimeters,
without showing the unit symbol (mm).
5) As far as possible dimensions should be placed outside the view.
6) Dimensions should be taken from visible outlines rather than from hidden lines.
7) Dimension lines of two different dimensions should not intersect with each other. (i.e. start
drawing from smaller dimension near view to bigger dimension.)
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SHEET 2: SCALE
1) What is representative factor? Construct a plain scale in which 1 cm represents 5 kms. It

should be long enough to measure a distance of 95 kms and 76 kms.
2) On map of Ahmedabad city 1 cm represents 1 Km. Construct a plain scale to measure the
distance between Gujarat Technological University and Lal Darwaja which is 6 Km. Also
indicate on scale, the distance between Geeta mandir and Kankariya lake which is 3 Km and
7 hectameters.
3) The length of the Khandala tunnel on the Mumbai-Pune expressway is 330m. On the road
map, it is shown by a 16.5 cm long line. Construct a scale to show metres and to measure
up to 400m. Show the length of a 289 metre long on the expressway.
4) Construct a diagonal scale of R.F. =1/2 to show millimeter and centimeter to measure upto
35 centimeter. Show on the scale a distance of 23.6 centimeter.
5) Construct a plain scale to show kilometers and hectometers when 25 mm is equal to 1 km

and long enough to measure up to 6 km scale.
6) Construct a diagonal scale with the scale 1 cm = 0.5 km. Showing kilometer, hectometer
and decameter. Scale should be long enough to measure upto 5 kms. Indicate on the scale
the distance of 3 kms 7 hm 8 dcm.
7) Draw a diagonal scale of R.F, 1:5 showing decimeters, centimeters and millimeters and long
enough to measure up to 8 decimeters. Show a distance of 5.35 dm
8) For 100 cm of a line compare size of drawing length on basis of full scale, reducing scale &
enlarged scale.
9) Prepare isometric scale to measure 40mm and 74mm.
10) Construct a scale of 1cm = 1 m to read meters and decimeters and long enough to measure up
to 14 meters. Show on this scale a distance equal to 12.4 meters.(W-19)
11) Define Representative Fraction (RF). Find RF if 5 cm in the drawing is equal to 10 km (S-2020)
12) Draw a diagonal scale of R.F, 1:5 showing decimeters, centimeters and millimeters and long
enough to measure up to 8 decimeters. Show a distance of 5.35 dm. (W-19)
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SHEET 3: LOCI OF POINTS (ONLY IN SKETCH BOOK)
1) A circular disc of diameter AB = 90 mm, rotates with uniform angular velocity. The point P
which is at A, moves with uniform linear velocity and reaches the point B, when the disc
completes one revolution. trace the locus of point P moving from A to B. (Sep’ 09)
2) OAB is the slider crank mechanism in which the crank OA is of 250 mm and the connecting
rod AB is of 1000mm. The slider Bis sliding on a straight path passing through point O. Draw
the loci of the points M, N and B for one complete revolution of the crank. The point M is on
the crank. Take OM=200 mm, the point N is on the connecting rod. Take AN=600 mm. Also
find the travel of the slider.
Figure. 1
3) In a slider crank mechanism, the connecting rod is 160 mm and crank is 40 mm in length. The
other end point of connecting rod on the slider moves along a straight line passing through
centre of crank rotation. Trace the locus of Midpoint ‘Y’ of the connecting rod. (Jan’ 09)
4) An athlete was asked to slide down a rope tied to a beam at a height of 8 meters above the
ground. he takes 5 seconds to slide down with uniform velocity. The rope oscillates in a
vertical plane, through an angle of 20̊ on either side of the plumb line and takes 5 seconds for
one complete oscillation. Draw the path traced out by athlete (assumed as a point). Use
convenient scale.
5) In a four bar chain mechanism O1O2 is a fixed link. O1A is the driving crank and O2B is the
driven crank. The cranks are connected by the link AB. The cranks rotate in opposite direction
as shown in the figure 2. Draw the locus of point P for one complete revolution of the driving
crank. Take o1o2=100mm, O1A 25mm, O2B=25 mm, AB=100 mm, AP=50 mm.
Figure. 2
6) A circular disc of diameter AB=80 mm, rotates about its centre O for one revolution. The
point P which is initially at A moves to the centre when the disc completes the half revolution
and then comes back to A in remaining half revolution. Trace the locus of the point P
assuming the rotation of the disc and the movement of the point to be uniform.
7) In the mechanism shown in Fig.3, the connecting rod is constrained to pass through the
trunnion at D. Trace the locus of the end C and a point P on BC for one complete revolution of
the crank. In Fig. consider AB as 30 mm.
Figure. 3
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8) In a slider crank mechanism (Figure-4), the connecting rod is 160 mm and crank is 40 mm in length.
The other end point of connecting rod on the slider moves along a straight line passing through the
center of crank rotation. Trace the locus of midpoint ‘P’ of the connecting rod. (S-20)
Figure 4
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SHEET NO 4: ENGINEERING CURVES
Attempt any FIVE problems (each should be of different category type)

1) Draw an Ellipse using Directrix-Focus Method. Take distance of focus from directrix equal
to 50mm & eccentricity as 2/3. Take suitable point and draw tangent and normal from that
point.
2) An elastic string is unwounded to a length of 120 mm from a drum of diameter 30 mm.

Draw the locus of the free end of the string which is held tight during unwinding.
3) A circle of 45mm dia. rolls along the circumference of another circle of 150mm diameter
from [i] inside & [ii] outside without slipping. Draw the curve trace by a point on the
circumference of the rolling circle for one complete revolution. Draw tangent & normal to
curve at a suitable point.
4) Draw an Archimedean spiral of 1.5 convolutions, the greatest & the least radius being
55mm & 10mm respectively. Draw tangent & normal to the spiral at a point 40mm from
the pole.
5) A fish pond of elliptical shape is to be inscribed inside a rectangular plot size of 100 m X 50
m. draw the boundary line of the fish pond.
6) The major axis and the minor axis of Ellipse are 125 mm and 75 mm. Construct half ellipse
by Oblong method and another half by Concentric circle Method.
7) Two points A and B are 50mm apart. Draw the curve traced out by a point P moving in such
a way that the difference between its distances from A & B is always constant and equal to
20mm. (Foci & Vertices Method).
8) Construct an Archimedean spiral of one and half convolutions given the greatest and
shortest radii as 84 mm and the 00 mm respectively. Draw the tangent and normal at point
60 mm away from the pole.
9) A string is kept tight while unwinding it from a square prism which is resting with its base
on the H.P. Trace the path of the end point of the string, if 100 mm long string can be
unwound in one turn. Name the path traced by the end point of the string.
10) Draw a cycloid for a rolling circle, of 60 mm diameter rolling along a straight line without
slipping. Take initial position of the tracing point at the bottom of the vertical centre line of
the rolling circle. Draw tangent and normal to the curve at a point 35 mm above the
directing line.
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11) A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls on another circle of 175 mm diameter, outside it. Trace
the locus of a point on the circumference of the rolling circle for one complete revolution.
Name the curve.
12) A string is unwound from a circle of 30 mm radius. Draw the locus {Involute of circle} of the
end of the string for unwinding the string completely. String is kept tight while being
unwound. Draw normal and tangent to the curve at any point.
13) Draw an involute of a line of 10 mm for 5 turns.
14) Draw an involute of a circular arc which subtends an angle of 90° at the centre of the circle
of diameter 120 mm.
15) A wheel rolls over the horizontal straight line path and covers 1980 mm distance in one
rotation. Draw the path traced by the point P which is initially at the point of contact
between the wheel and the horizontal straight line. Name the path traced by the point P.
16) A triangle ABC has sides AB = 75 mm, BC = 60 mm and CA = 75 mm. Draw a parabola
passing through points A, B and C when side BC is horizontal.
17) Draw an epicycloid with rolling circle diameter 50 mm and directing circle diameter 150
mm. Draw tangent and normal at a point on the curve 110 mm from the centre of the
directing circle
18) A fixed point is 54 mm away from a fixed straight line. Draw the locus of a point P moving
in such a way that the ratio of its distance from the fixed straight line is 5:4. Name the
curve.
19) Give the definitions of the following curves: (i) Ellipse (ii) Involute (S-2020)
20) Draw epicycloid of a 40 mm diameter circle, which rolls outside on another circle of 150 mm
diameter for one revolution clockwise. Draw a tangent and normal to it at a point 95 mm from the
center of the directing circle
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SHEET NO 5: PROJECTIONS OF LINES
A) PROJECTIONS OF LINES
1) The front view of a line AB, 90mm long, measures 65mm. Front view is inclined to XY line by
45°. Point A is 20mm below H.P. and on V.P. Point B is in third quadrant. Draw the
projections and find inclinations of line with H.P. and V.P.
2) The distance between end projectors of a straight line PQ is 80mm point P is 40mm below
H.P. and 25 mm in front of V.P. Point Q is 60mm above H.P. and 30 mm behind V.P. Draw the
projection of a line and find out its true length and inclination with H.P. and V.P. Through
which principal plane the straight line will pass and what will be the distance of the point of
intersection of line from the other principal plane?
3) A line PQ 70 mm long has its end P in VP and end Q in HP. Line is inclined to HP by 60° and
VP by 30°. Find lengths of plan and elevation of the line and draw the projections.
4) A line AB is having its end A 10 mm, above H.P. and 30 mm in front of V.P. It is inclined at 45°
to H.P. and 30° to V.P. The end B is below H.P. and behind V.P. Draw the projections of the
line AB if the plan length is 80 mm. Also, find the true length of the line.
5) A line AB has a point P on it such that AP: PB = 1: 2. The end A is in the first quadrant and it is
20 mm above H.P. while the end B is in the V.P. The point P is 35 mm from the H.P. The line
is inclined at 30° to the H.P. and the elevation length of the line is 70 mm. Draw the
projections of the line AB and the point P. Find the true length, the plan length and the
inclination of the line with V.P.
6) A line AB, 60 mm long is inclined at 45° to HP and 30° to VP. Its midpoint C is in VP and 15
mm above HP. The end A is in the third quadrant and B in the first quadrant. Draw the
projections of the line.
7) A line AB is 100 mm long. It is inclined at 40° to the HP and 30° to the VP. The end A is 10 mm
above HP and 25 mm in front of VP. Assuming the end B in the first quadrant, draw the
projections of the line AB.
8) The distance between the end projectors of a straight line AB is 60 mm. Point A is 5 mm
above HP and 30 mm in front of VP. Point B is 40 mm above HP and 50 mm behind VP. Draw
the projections and find the inclination of straight line AB with HP and VP and the true length
of the line
9) Point P of a straight line PQ is 25mm above H.P. and point Q is 65 mm in-front of V.P. The
line makes an angle of 30⁰ with H.P. and its plan is at 45⁰ to the XY line. Draw the projections
of the line if the plan length is 70mm. Also find the true length of the line and the angle
made by the line with V.P.
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.
10) A line AB, 75mm long, is parallel to VP and inclined to the HP, by an angle 45⁰. Point A is
30mm below HP and 20mm in front of VP. Point B is in the first quadrant. Draw the
projections of the straight line AB.
11) A line PQ, 100 mm long, is inclined at 30⁰ to the HP and 45⁰ to the VP. Its mid-point M is in
the VP and 20mm above the HP. Draw its projections, when its end P is in the first quadrant
and Q is in the third quadrant.
12) The distance between the end projectors of a straight line PQ is 60mm. The line makes 30⁰
and 45⁰ angles with HP and VP, respectively. The end P is 30mm below HP and 50mm in
front of the VP. Draw its projections when end Q is in third quadrant. Find TL of the line
13) The top view of a 75 mm long line AB measures 65 mm, while its front view measures 50
mm. It’s one end ‘A’ is in HP and12 mm in front of VP. Draw the projections of AB and
determine its inclination with HP and VP. (S-2020)
14) A line AB 100 mm long is inclined to HP at 45o and inclined to VP at 30o. Draw front and
top views of line and determine their lengths. Also determine the perpendicular distance of
end B from both HP and VP. (S-2020)
15) A line PQ 85 mm long has its end ‘P’ 10 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. The top
view and front view of line PQ are 75 mm and 80 mm respectively. Draw its projections.
Also determine the true and apparent inclinations of the line (S-2020)
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SHEET NO 6: PROJECTIONS OF PLANES
Attempt any FOUR problems of different categories:
1) A regular pentagon of 45mm side is resting on one of its corners on the VP. The edge
opposite to that corner makes an angle of 30° to the HP. The surface of the pentagon is
inclined at 45° to the VP. Draw its projections.
2) A circular plane of 60 mm diameter is resting on H.P. on a point A of its circumference.

The plane is inclined at 30° to the H.P. The diameter AB of the plane makes an angle of
45° with the V.P. Draw the projections of the circular plane.
3) An isosceles triangular plate ABC has its base 45 mm and altitude 60 mm. It is so placed
that the front view is seen as an equilateral triangle of 45 mm side and base is inclined at
45° to HP. Draw its plan when its corner A is on HP.
4) A circular disk 50 mm diameter resting on the HP on one of the points on its

circumference in such a way that it appears as an ellipse having minor axis 30 mm long.
Draw the projections of plate when minor axis inclined at 45° with VP.
5) ABCDE is a regular pentagonal plate of 40 mm sides, has its corner A on the H.P. The plate
is inclined at 30° to the H.P. such that the side CD is parallel to both the reference planes.
Draw the projection of plate.
6) A square plate of side 60mm is held on a corner on H.P. Plate is inclined to the H.P. such
that the plan of it is rhombuses with a diagonal of 30mm. determine the angle it makes
with H.P. The other diagonal is inclined at 45° V.P. Draw the projection of plate.
7) A regular Hexagonal plane resting on the HP on one of its side in such a way that the
plane is making 20° with HP and the diagonal perpendicular to that side is at an 45° with
VP. Draw the projection of plane.
8) A rectangular plate of side 60 X 30 mm is resting on its shorter side on HP and inclined at

30° to VP its surface is inclined at 60° to HP. Draw the projections
9) Draw the projections of a circle of 70 mm diameter resting on the HP on a point P of the

circumference. Plane is inclined to HP at an angle of 60° and the plan of diameter through
point P, is making an angle of 45° with VP
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10) An isosceles triangle plate ABC having its base 50 mm and altitude 90 mm resting on H.P.
on its base. The isosceles triangle is inclined at an angle 50° to the H.P. and the altitude in
the top view is inclined at the angle 70° to the V.P. Draw the projections.
11) A regular pentagonal plane having the side 30 mm is resting on H.P. on one of its corners.
The surface of the plane is inclined to the H.P. at 45°. Draw the projections of the plane
when the side opposite to the corner on which it rest on H.P. is inclined at 30° to V.P.
12) ABCD is a rhombus of diagonals AC=100 mm and BD=70 mm. Its corner A is in the H.P.
and the plane is inclined to the H.P. such that its plan appears to be a square and the plan
of the diagonal AC makes an angle of 20° to the V.P. Draw the projections of the plane
and find its inclination with the H. P.
13) Draw the projections of a regular hexagonal plane of 30mm side having one of its sides on
H.P. and inclined at 60 degree to V.P. & its surface making an angle 45 degree with H.P.
14) A pentagon of 40 mm side is resting on one of its corners on the VP. The edge opposite to
that corner makes an angle of 30° to the HP. The surface of the pentagon is inclined at 45°
to the VP. Draw its projections.
15) An isosceles triangular plate ABC has its base 45 mm and altitude 60 mm. It is so placed
that the front view is seen as an equilateral triangle of 45 mm side and (i) base is inclined
at 45° to HP, (ii) side is inclined at 45° to HP. Draw its plan when its corner A is on HP.
16) An isosceles triangular plate of 50 mm base and 75 mm altitude, appears as an equilateral

triangle of 50 mm in top view. Draw the projections of a plate if its 50 mm long edge is on
the HP and inclined at 45° to the VP. What is the inclination of the plate with the HP?
17) ABCDE is a regular pentagonal plate of 40 mm sides, has its corner A on the HP. The plate
is inclined to the HP such that the plan length of the edges AB and AE is each 35 mm. The
side CD is parallel to both the reference planes. Draw the projections of the plate and find
its inclination with the HP.
18) A circular plate, 50 mm diameter is resting on HP on one of the points of its periphery
with surface of the plate perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP by 30°. Draw two
projections of the circular plate.
19) A circular plate, 50 mm diameter is resting on HP on one of the points of its periphery
with surface of the plate perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP by 30°. Draw two
projections of the circular plate.
20) An isosceles triangular plate ABC has its base 45mm and altitude 60mm. It is so placed
that the front view is seen as an equilateral triangle of 45mm side and (i) base is inclined
at 45⁰ to HP (ii) side is inclined at 45⁰ to HP. Draw its plan when its corner A is on HP.
21) A square lamina of 40 mm side rests on one of its sides on HP. The lamina makes 30o with HP and
the side on which it rests makes 45o with VP. Draw its projections. (S-2020)
22) A regular pentagon laminate of 30 mm each side is resting on HP on one of its sides with its surface
making 45º with HP. Draw its projection when the side in HP makes an angle 30o with VP. . (S-
2020)
------- ** --------
21 | P a g e
SHEET NO 7: PROJECTIONS OF SOLIDS AND SECTION OF SOLIDS AND

DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES
A) PROJECTIONS OF SOLIDS
Attempt any TWO problems of different categories from this section-A:
1) A pentagonal prism of 25 mm side length & 55 mm height is resting on one of the corner of
its base on the H.P. The longer edge containing that corner is inclined at 45° to the H.P. Draw
the projections of the solid.
2) Draw the projections of a pentagonal prism of base 25 mm and axis 50 mm long rests on one
of its base edges on the HP. The base makes an angle of 30° to the HP and axis of prism is
parallel to the VP.
3) A cylinder of base diameter 50 mm and axis 70 mm rest in the VP has its inclination to 30° to
the VP and FV of the axis inclined at 30° to the ground line XY. Draw the projections of the
cylinder.
4) A square pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on one of its
triangular faces with axis parallel to HP. Draw the projections.- Jan_2014
5) A frustum of a cone, having base diameter 50mm, top base diameter 20 mm and axis 40
mm, is resting on one of its generators on H.P. The axes of the frustum makes and angle of
30° with V.P. Draw the projections of the solid.
6) A hexagonal pyramid, base 25 mm side and axis 55 mm long has one of its base edges in the
H.P. and axis inclined at 30° to the HP. Draw its projections when (i) the top view of the axis
makes an angle 45° with the V.P. and (ii) the axis makes an angle of 45° with the V.P.
7) A pentagonal pyramid has height 60 mm and the side of a base 30 mm. The pyramid rests on
one of its sides of the base on the H.P. such that the triangular face containing that side is
perpendicular to the H.P. and makes an angle of 45° with the V.P. Draw its projections. –
Dec_2013.
8) A pentagonal prism rests on one of its edges of the base on H.P. with its axis inclined at 45°
to the H.P. The top view of the axis is inclined at 30° to the V.P. Draw the projections of the
prism, assuming the edge of the base to be 30 mm and the axis 70 mm long.
9) Draw the projections of a cone, base 60 mm diameter and axis 90 mm long when it is resting
on the HP on a point on its base circle with the axis making an angle of 30° with the HP and
parallel to the VP.
10) A cone, diameter of base 55mm and height 60mm, is resting on HP on one of its generators
with axis parallel to VP. Draw the projections of cone
11) A hexagonal prism with side of base 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on one of its base
edge on HP such that its axis is inclined at 45o with HP and the side on which it is resting is
inclined at 30o with VP. Draw the projections. (S-2020)
12) A square base pyramid with 40 mm side and axis 65 mm long, has its base on the HP and all the
edges of the base are equally inclined to the VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to the
VP and inclined at 45o to the HP. Further, it is bisecting the axis of the pyramid. Draw its sectional
top view, sectional side view and true shape of the section. (S-2020)
B) SECTION OF SOLIDS
Attempt any TWO problems of different categories from this section-B:
1) A cone, base 40 mm diameter and axis 60 mm long, rests on its base on the HP. It is cut by a
section plane perpendicular to the VP and parallel to one of its generators and passing
through a point on the axis at a distance of 25 mm from the apex. Draw the front view,
sectional top view, sectional side view and the true shape of the section. Give the name of
that True shape.
2) A tetrahedron of 50 mm long edges is lying on HP on one of its faces with one of its edges
perpendicular to VP so that the true shape of its section is an isosceles triangle of base 40
mm and altitude 28 mm. Find the inclination of the section plane with HP. Draw the front
view, sectional top view and the true shape of the section.
3) A regular Pentagonal Pyramid of base 25 mm and height 55 mm rests with its base on the HP
such that one of its edges is perpendicular to the V.P. A cutting plane parallel to the HP and
perpendicular to the VP cut the pyramid at the 20 mm from the apex. Draw the Front view
and sectional top view.
4) A cone diameter of base 50 mm and height 80 mm is resting on the HP on one of its

generators with axis parallel to the VP. It is cut by horizontal section plane passing through a
point on the axis 55 mm away from the apex. Draw the elevation and section plan.
5) A hexagonal pyramid of side of base 40 mm and height of axis 110 mm is resting on one of
its inclined vertical surface on H.P. such that its axis remains parallel to the V.P. It is cut by a
cutting plane which is inclined at an angle 45° with H.P. and bisecting the axis of the
pyramid. Draw front view
23 | P a g e
6) A cylinder is resting on HP on its base. It is cut by AVP perpendicular to HP and inclined to VP

by 45° and cutting it remaining 12 mm away from the axis. Draw the projections with section
and draw also the true shape of the section. Take diameter of cylinder 55 mm and height 60
mm.
7) A cone of 70 mm diameter of the base circle and 60 mm length of axis is resting on its base
on the HP. It is cut by an AIP so that true shape of the section is an isosceles triangle with the
vertex angle of 50°. Set the required cutting plane and find its inclination with the HP. Draw
sectional top view, front view and project the true shape of the section.
8) A square base pyramid with 40 mm side and axis 65 mm long, has its base on the HP and all the
edges of the base are equally inclined to the VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to the
VP and inclined at 45o to the HP. Further, it is bisecting the axis of the pyramid. Draw its sectional
top view, sectional side view and true shape of the section. (S-2020)
C) DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES
1) A cylinder 40 mm diameter and 70 mm height is resting on its base on H.P. It is cut by plane
passing through a point 50 mm from the base and inclined at 40° to H.P. A through hole of
20 mm diameter is drill at 30 mm above the base. Develop the lateral surface of the cylinder.
2) A right regular pentagonal prism, edge of base 20 mm and height 50 mm rests on its base
with one of its base edges perpendicular to VP. An AIP inclined to HP at 30̊ and perpendicular
to the VP cuts its axis at a distance of 30 mm from the base. Develop the lateral surface of
the truncated prism.
3) A cylinder of diameter 50 mm and length of the axis 65 mm rests on its base with the axis
perpendicular to the H.P. It is cut by the cutting plane perpendicular to the V.P and inclined
at 45° to the HP and passing through a point on axis 25 mm from the top. Draw the front
view, the sectional top view and development of the lateral surface of the cylinder
4) The development of a cylinder is rectangle having 125 mm length, 62.5 mm width. A semi
circle having 125 mm diameter is inside the rectangle. Draw the projections of the cylinder
showing the semi circle on them.
5) Draw the development of lateral surface of a right circular cone having base diameter 40 mm
and length of axis 60 mm, when it is resting on H.P and cut by an AIP inclined at 45° to the
H.P and bisecting the axis.
6) Draw the plan and elevation of a cone resting on HP on its base. Show on them the shortest
path followed by a fly moving around the cone and returning to the same starting point. Fly
starts from a point on the periphery of base. Take base diameter of cone 80 mm and height
of axis 90 mm.
7) Draw the development of pentagonal prism of side 30mm and height 60mm, when one of
the edges of the base is perpendicular to VP.
8) Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of a square pyramid, side of base 25 mm and height 50
mm, resting with its base on HP and an edge of the base is parallel to VP. (S-2020)
------- ** -------
23 | P a g e
SHEET NO 8: ORTHOGRAPHIC AND SECTIONAL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS.
PROBLEM A: ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
A pictorial view of an object is given. Draw its following views, using “FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION
METHOD” for ODD No. and THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD” for EVEN No.
(i) Front View shown by X-direction

(ii) Top View &
(iii) Right Hand Side View
Figure 1 Figure:-2
Figure:-3 Figure:-4
25 | P a g e
Figure:-5 Figure:-6
Figure:-7 Figure:-8
Figure:-9 Figure:-10
27 | P a g e
29 | P a g e
Figure:-21
Figure:-22
31 | P a g e
Figure:-27
Figure:-28
Figure:-29
Figure:-30
33 | P a g e
Figure:-31
Figure:-32
Figure- 33
Figure -34
35 | P a g e
Fig.35
Fig.36 Fig.37
Draw front view, top view and right-hand side view of the object given in Figure-37 using first angle
projection.
(S-2020)
PROBLEM B: SECTIONAL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
Figure shows pictorial view of objects. Draw the following views using third angle projection
method.
Figure no. 38 & 39
(i) Sectional Front View shown by X-direction
(ii) Top View &
(iii) Sectional Side View
Figure -38
37 | P a g e
Figure-39
Figure no. 40
(i) Sectional Front View
(ii) Top View &
(iii) L.H.S.V
Figure-40
Figure no. 41
(i )Front View
(ii) Top View &
(iii) Sectional R.H.S.V
Figure-42 shows the pictorial view of an object, draw the following views
using first angle method of projection. Also give the important dimensions.
(i) Sectional front view, along section A-A
(ii) Top View (S-2020)
Figure 42
Figure 41
------- ** --------
39 | P a g e
SHEET NO 9: ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS
1) Draw Isometric view for the object shown in Figure 43.
Figure 43.
2) Figure 44 shows two views of an object. Draw isometric projection using isometric scale.
Figure 44
3) Figure 45 shows elevation and plan of a bracket. Draw isometric projection of the bracket
and also draw the isometric scale.
Figure 45
4) The top view of an object is a square of 60 mm side while the front view is a circle of radius
30 mm. Draw the isometric projection of the object.
5) Draw the isometric drawing of the frustum of a square pyramid when the length of the
bottom edge is 60 mm, the length of the top edge is 40 mm and the height of the frustum is
70 mm.
41 | P a g e
6) Figure 46 shows two views of an object. Draw the Isometric Projection using isometric scale.
Figure 46
7) The orthographic views of an object using the first angle projection method are shown in
the Figure 47. Draw the isometric projection.
Figure 47
8) Figure 48 shows front view and top view of an object. Draw isometric view.
Figure 48
9) Draw the isometric view from the following orthographic views.
Figure 49
43 | P a g e
10) Draw the Isometric view of the following figure 50.
Figure 50
11) Draw the isometric view of the following orthographic views shown in figure 51.
Figure 51
12) Draw the isometric view from the orthographic projections shown in figure 52.
Figure 52
13) Draw isometric view from the orthographic projection shown in Figure 53.
Figure 53
45 | P a g e
14) Draw isometric view of the given below Figure 54
Figure 54
15) Draw an isometric scale of 100 mm length and show 30 and 60 mm length on the scale. (S-2020)
16) Draw isometric drawing of an object whose projections are given in below figure 55. (S-2020)
Figure 55 Figure 56
17) Draw isometric drawing of an object whose projections are given in below Figure 56 (S-2020)
18) Draw isometric circle on the three side of cube of 60 mm dimension. (S-2020)
------- ** --------
SHEET NO.10 USE OF AUTOCAD
1. Explain the following autocad commands: hatch, circle, array, mirror, trim, extend and fillet.
2. Why chamfer is done on work piece. Write the steps to create chamfer in AUTOCAD.
3. List and explain different methods to draw circle in AUTOCAD.
4. What are the benefits of Computer Aided Drawing (S-2020)
5. Explain following commands: (i) Line (ii) Poly Line (iii) Circle (S-2020)
6. List and explain different methods to draw a polygon in AUTOCAD (S-2020)
7. Prepare any one orthographic drawing (three views) from the given figures with first angle or third
angle method by using various AutoCAD commands & take print of it.
Fig. 1
Fig.2
47 | P a g e
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
49 | P a g e
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
------- ** --------

Lab Manual - EG-2021-22 Even (Sem 2)

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GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

(FOR EVEN TERM ‐ YEAR- 2021-2022)

Roll No: Enroll No:

Signature of Faculty Head of the Department

Roll No: Enroll No:

COMPLETION FACULTY MARKS

3 LOCI OF POINTS (In sketch book only)

Sr. No. CO statement

Mapping of PO and COs of Courses for workshop/ manufacturing practices

DRAFTING EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED

COMMON INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS FOR LAB WORK

 Drawing standard (for all sheets).

SHEET NO 1: INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

LINES (IS 10714 (Part 20): 2001 and SP 46: 2003

IS 10714 (Part 20):2001 (General principles of presentation on technical drawings) and SP

Table 1 (Sheet 1 – Problem 2)

LETTERING [IS 9609 (PART 0): 2001 AND SP 46: 2003

Note: Lettering in drawing should be in CAPITALS (i.e Upper-case letters).

EXAMPLE IN LETTERING PRACTICE

Methods of Indicating Dimensions

Method - 1 (Aligned method)

Figure 3 (Sheet 1 – Problem 3)

1) What is representative factor? Construct a plain scale in which 1 cm represents 5 kms. It

5) Construct a plain scale to show kilometers and hectometers when 25 mm is equal to 1 km

9) Prepare isometric scale to measure 40mm and 74mm.

SHEET 3: LOCI OF POINTS (ONLY IN SKETCH BOOK)

SHEET NO 4: ENGINEERING CURVES

Attempt any FIVE problems (each should be of different category type)

2) An elastic string is unwounded to a length of 120 mm from a drum of diameter 30 mm.

13) Draw an involute of a line of 10 mm for 5 turns.

SHEET NO 5: PROJECTIONS OF LINES

SHEET NO 6: PROJECTIONS OF PLANES

Attempt any FOUR problems of different categories:

2) A circular plane of 60 mm diameter is resting on H.P. on a point A of its circumference.

4) A circular disk 50 mm diameter resting on the HP on one of the points on its

8) A rectangular plate of side 60 X 30 mm is resting on its shorter side on HP and inclined at

9) Draw the projections of a circle of 70 mm diameter resting on the HP on a point P of the

16) An isosceles triangular plate of 50 mm base and 75 mm altitude, appears as an equilateral

SHEET NO 7: PROJECTIONS OF SOLIDS AND SECTION OF SOLIDS AND

4) A cone diameter of base 50 mm and height 80 mm is resting on the HP on one of its

6) A cylinder is resting on HP on its base. It is cut by AVP perpendicular to HP and inclined to VP

SHEET NO 8: ORTHOGRAPHIC AND SECTIONAL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS.

PROBLEM A: ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

(i) Front View shown by X-direction

PROBLEM B: SECTIONAL ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

SHEET NO 9: ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS

1) Draw Isometric view for the object shown in Figure 43.

9) Draw the isometric view from the following orthographic views.

10) Draw the Isometric view of the following figure 50.

14) Draw isometric view of the given below Figure 54

SHEET NO.10 USE OF AUTOCAD

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