Info

Properties of Water and Steam

Authored by Bernhard Spang, The Mining Company

URL: http://chemengineer.miningco.com
email: [email protected]

Copyright 1997 by Bernhard Spang. All rights reserved.

May be redistributed for free, but may not be changed or sold without the author's explicit permission.
Provided "as is" without warranty of any kind.

This workbook contains Visual Basic functions for calculating properties of water and steam.
Functions for the following properties are available:
boiling point as a function of pressure, vapor pressure, specific volume or density, specific enthalpy,
heat capacity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity.

See Usage for an explanation of how to access the functions from within your spreadsheets.
See Reference for a list of available functions with syntax, arguments, units, and examples of use.

Note that the explanations given in this workbook relate to the use of the functions with source module sheet waterprop.
For an explanation of how to use the functions with the Add-In file water.xla see the Readme file which accompanies wate

Source of equations:
Properties of Water and Steam in SI-Units,
2nd Revised and Updated Printing, Springer 1979, pp. 175 ff.

Seite 1
 Info

ific enthalpy,

source module sheet waterprop.

adme file which accompanies water.xla.

Seite 2
 Usage

Usage

Property data are available by calling the appropriate property function using the syntax

=water.xls!waterprop.functionname(parameterlist)

where functionname is the name of the function (see Reference)

and parameterlist is the list of arguments for this function

If the Visual Basic module waterprop is copied from water.xls to the Excel workbook
where property data are needed the simplified syntax is

=waterprop.functionname(parameterlist)

Seite 3
P= 40 bar P 5.5 Bar
Ts = #VALUE! K =boilp(B2) Ts ### K
Ts = #VALUE! deg-C =B3-273.15 Vs ###
Sp. Vol Air = #VALUE! cu-m/kg =vsub1(B3,B2) (uap)
Densitas Air = #VALUE! kg/cu-m =1/B5 P
Sp. Vol Uap = #VALUE! cu-m/kg =vsub2(B3,B2)
Densitas Uap = #VALUE! kg/cu-m =1/B7
Enth Air = #VALUE! kJ/kg =hsub1(B3,B2)
Enth Uap = #VALUE! kJ/kg =hsub2(B3,B2)
En Dalam Air = #VALUE! kJ/kg =B9-B2*B5*100000/1000
En Dalam Uap = #VALUE! kJ/kg =B10-B2*B7*100
Viscositas Air = #VALUE! kg/(m.s) =ETAF(B3,B5)*0.000001
Viscositas Uap = #VALUE! kg/(m.s) =ETAF(B3,B7)*0.000001
 5.5 Bar
#VALUE! K
#VALUE!
 Reference

Reference

Available functions:

1. Boiling point as a function of pressure

a) Usage: waterprop.BOILP(P)

b) Argument(s): P pressure in bar

c) Unit: boiling point in K

d) Range of validity: 0.01 bar < p < 220 bar

e) Example: Boiling point of water at 1 bar in °C

Formula in worksheet cell: =waterprop.BOILP(1)-273.15
And the result is: #MACRO? °C

2. Vapor pressure

a) Usage: waterprop.VAPP(T)

b) Argument(s): T temperature in K

c) Unit: vapor pressure in bar

d) Range of validity: 273.16 K < T < 623 K

e) Example: Vapor pressure of water at 100 °C

Formula in worksheet cell: =waterprop.VAPP(373.15)
And the result is: #MACRO? bar

3. Specific volume (or density) of liquid water

a) Usage: waterprop.VSUB1(T; P)

b) Argument(s): T temperature in K
P pressure in bar

c) Unit: specific volume in m3/kg

d) Range of validity: 273.16 K < T < 623.15 K

vapor pressure < p < 1000 bar

e) Example: Density of water at 20 °C and 1 bar

Formula in worksheet cell: =1/waterprop.VSUB1(293.15; 1)
And the result is: #MACRO? kg/m3

4. Specific volume (or density) of steam

a) Usage: waterprop.VSUB2(T; P)

b) Argument(s): T temperature in K
P pressure in bar

Seite 6
 Reference

c) Unit: specific volume in m3/kg

d) Range of validity: 273.16 K < T < 1073.15 K

0 < p < vapor pressure

e) Example: Specific volume of saturated vapor at 5 bar

Note the use of BOILP for determining the boiling point
Formula in worksheet cell: =waterprop.VSUB2(waterprop.BOILP(5);5)
And the result is: #MACRO? m3/kg

5. Specific enthalpy of liquid water

a) Usage: waterprop.HSUB1(T; P)

b) Argument(s): T temperature in K
P pressure in bar

c) Unit: specific enthalpy in kJ/kg

d) Range of validity: 273.16 K < T < 623.15 K

vapor pressure < p < 1000 bar

e) Example: Enthalpy of water at 20 °C and 1 bar

Formula in worksheet cell: =waterprop.HSUB1(293.15; 1)
And the result is: #MACRO? kJ/kg

6. Specific enthalpy of steam

a) Usage: waterprop.HSUB2(T; P)

b) Argument(s): T temperature in K
P pressure in bar

c) Unit: specific enthalpy in kJ/kg

d) Range of validity: 273.16 K < T < 1073.15 K

0 < p < vapor pressure

e) Example: Enthalpy of saturated vapor at 5 bar

Note the use of BOILP for determining the boiling point
Formula in worksheet cell: =waterprop.HSUB2(waterprop.BOILP(5);5)
And the result is: #MACRO? kJ/kg

7. Heat capacity

a) Usage: waterprop.HCAP(T; P; IAG)

b) Argument(s): T temperature in K
P pressure in bar
IAG state: 1 for liquid water, 2 for steam

c) Unit: heat capacity in kJ/(kg K)

Seite 7
 Reference

d) Range of validity: 273.16 K < T < 1073.15 K

0 < p < 1000 bar

e) Example: Heat capacity of water at 20 °C and 1 bar

Formula in worksheet cell: =waterprop.HCAP(293.15;1;1)
And the result is: #MACRO? kJ/(kg K)

8. Dynamic viscosity

a) Usage: waterprop.ETAF(T; V)

b) Argument(s): T temperature in K
V specific volume in m3/kg

c) Unit: dynamic viscosity in 10-6 Pa s

d) Range of validity: 0 °C < T < 800 °C

p < 1000 bar

e) Example: Viscosity of water at 20 °C and 1 bar

Formula in worksheet cell: =waterprop.ETAF(293.15; waterprop.VSUB1(29
And the result is: #MACRO? Pa s

9. Thermal conductivity

a) Usage: waterprop.TCON(T; V)

b) Argument(s): T temperature in K
V specific volume in m3/kg

c) Unit: thermal conductivity W /(K m)

d) Range of validity: 0 °C < T < 1500 °C

p < 3000 bar

e) Example: Thermal conductivity of saturated vapor at 5 bar

Formula in worksheet cell: =waterprop.TCON(BOILP(5); waterprop.VSUB2
And the result is: #VALUE! W/(K m)

Seite 8
 Reference

OILP(1)-273.15

VSUB1(293.15; 1)

Seite 9
 Reference

UB2(waterprop.BOILP(5);5)

SUB1(293.15; 1)

SUB2(waterprop.BOILP(5);5)

Seite 10
 Reference

CAP(293.15;1;1)

TAF(293.15; waterprop.VSUB1(293.15;1))

CON(BOILP(5); waterprop.VSUB2(BOILP(5);5))

Seite 11
 T : temperatur
P 25 Bar Ts : temperatur satur
#VALUE! Ts #VALUE! K P : Tekanan
Ts #VALUE! deg-C Ps : Tekanan saturas

Fluida panas bumi

P 23 Bar P 17 Bar
T 200 deg-C T 215 deg-C
Ts #VALUE! deg-C Ts #VALUE! deg-C
Fasa uap
Jika T<Ts, maka fasa fluida adalah cair
Jika T>Ts, maka fasa fluida adalah uap

T 250 deg-C
T 523.15 K
Ps #VALUE! Bar

Jika P<Ps, maka fasa fluida adalah uap

Jika P>Ps, maka fasa fluida adalah cair

T 230 deg-C

Ps #VALUE! Bar vapp(C22+273.15)

P 35 Bar

Ts #VALUE! deg-C boilp(C26)-273.15

Boiling Point with Depth (BPD)

T : temperatur
Ts : temperatur saturasi
P : Tekanan
Ps : Tekanan saturasi
 ACM-1
Depth Temp Tekanan
Kedalaman BPD
(m) (°C) (bara)
0 50 100 150 200 250
0 750 40.5 13.9 #VALUE!

Kedalaman (m)
0
100 650 125.9 20.8 #VALUE!
200 550 176 31.1 #VALUE! 200
300 450 177 40.3 #VALUE! 400
400 350 165 49.1 #VALUE!
500 #VALUE! 600
250 150 57.1
600 150 175 65.2 #VALUE! 800
700 50 225 72.9 #VALUE!
1000
800 -50 229.6 81.1 #VALUE!
900 -150 230.3 89.2 #VALUE! 1200
1000 -250 236.6 97.7 #VALUE! 1400
1100 -350 242.3 105.7 #VALUE!
1200 #VALUE! 1600
-450 252.2 113.8
1300 -550 255.7 121.7 #VALUE! 1800
1400 -650 261 129.8 #VALUE!
2000
1500 -750 265.5 138.1 #VALUE!
1600 -850 270.3 146.6 #VALUE!
1700 -950 277.5 154 #VALUE! Kesimpulan :
1800 -1050 282.1 163.6 #VALUE! reservoir diperkirakan ada di kedalaman 700 m (50
1900 -1150 169.4 #VALUE! diperkirakan fluida berbentuk cair berdasarkan profi
grafik temperatur berada di sebelah kiri BPD maka
 Depth Temp Tekanan
Kedalaman
(m) (°C) (bara)
00 150 200 250 300
0 750 40.5 13.9
100 650 125.9 20.8
200 550 176 31.1
300 450 177 40.3
400 350 165 49.1
reservoir 500 250 150 57.1
P (Bar)
600 150 175 65.2
T (deg-
C) 700 50 211 72.9
BPD 800 -50 225 81.1
900 -150 230.3 89.2
1000 -250 236.6 97.7
1100 -350 242.3 105.7
1200 -450 252.2 113.8
1300 -550 255.7 121.7
1400 -650 261 129.8
1500 -750 265.5 138.1
1600 -850 270.3 146.6
1700 -950 277.5 154
ada di kedalaman 700 m (50 mdpl) 1800 -1050 282.1 163.6
rbentuk cair berdasarkan profil tekanan, 1900 -1150 169.4
ada di sebelah kiri BPD maka fluida reservoir adalah cair
 Depth Temp Tekanan Depth Temp
Kedalaman Kedalaman
(m) (°C) (bara) (m) (°C)
0 750 40.5 13.9 0 750 40.5
100 650 125.9 20.8 100 650 125.9
200 550 176 31.1 200 550 176
300 450 177 40.3 300 450 177
400 350 165 49.1 400 350 165
500 250 150 57.1 500 250 150
600 150 175 65.2 600 150 175
700 50 203 72.9 700 50 203
800 -50 216 81.1 800 -50 209
900 -150 225 89.2 900 -150 219
1000 -250 236.6 97.7 1000 -250 225
1100 -350 242.3 105.7 1100 -350 242.3
1200 -450 252.2 113.8 1200 -450 252.2
1300 -550 255.7 121.7 1300 -550 255.7
1400 -650 261 129.8 1400 -650 261
1500 -750 265.5 138.1 1500 -750 265.5
1600 -850 270.3 146.6 1600 -850 270.3
1700 -950 277.5 154 1700 -950 277.5
1800 -1050 282.1 163.6 1800 -1050 282.1
1900 -1150 169.4 1900 -1150
Tekanan
(bara)
13.9
20.8
31.1
40.3
49.1
57.1
65.2
72.9
81.1
89.2
97.7
105.7
113.8
121.7
129.8
138.1
146.6
154
163.6
169.4
P 40 Bar T 270 deg-C
T 250 deg-C P 25 Bar
Ts #VALUE! deg-C Ps #VALUE! Bar

T < Ts fasa cair compressed liquid P < Ps fasa uap

P 30 Bar
T 240 deg-C
Ts #VALUE!

T > Ts fasa uap superheated steam

 Kedalaman (meter)
Depth 0 50 100 150
Temp Tekanan
(m) - BPD 0
(°C) (bara)
Kedalaman mdpl
200
0 750 40.5 13.9 #VALUE!
100 650 125.9 20.8 #VALUE! 400
200 550 176 31.1 #VALUE!
600
300 450 177 40.3 #VALUE!
400 350 165 49.1 #VALUE! 800
500 250 150 57.1 #VALUE!
1000
600 150 175 65.2 #VALUE!
700 50 211 72.9 #VALUE! 1200
800 -50 225 81.1 #VALUE! 1400
900 -150 230.3 89.2 #VALUE!
1000 -250 236.6 97.7 #VALUE! 1600
1100 -350 242.3 105.7 #VALUE! 1800
1200 -450 252.2 113.8 #VALUE!
1300 -550 255.7 121.7 #VALUE! 2000
1400 -650 261 129.8 #VALUE! kedalaman reservoir pada 800 meter dari
1500 -750 265.5 138.1 #VALUE! reservoir fasa cair
1600 -850 270.3 146.6 #VALUE!
1700 -950 277.5 154 #VALUE!
1800 -1050 282.1 163.6 #VALUE!
1900 -1150 169.4 #VALUE!
 50 100 150 200 250 300

P
T
BP
D

n reservoir pada 800 meter dari permukaan

P 40 Bar
T 235 deg-C
BPD 245

T < Ts fasa cair

 Depth Temp Tekanan 0 50 100 150 200
BPD 0
Kedalaman (m) (°C) (bara)
0 750 40.5 13.9 #VALUE! 200
100 650 125.9 20.8 #VALUE!
200 550 176 31.1 #VALUE! 400
300 450 177 40.3 #VALUE! 600
400 350 165 49.1 #VALUE!
500 250 150 57.1 #VALUE! 800
600 150 175 65.2 #VALUE! 1000
700 50 211 72.9 #VALUE!
800 #VALUE! 1200
-50 225 81.1
900 -150 230.3 89.2 #VALUE! 1400
1000 -250 236.6 97.7 #VALUE!
1100 #VALUE! 1600
-350 242.3 105.7
1200 -450 252.2 113.8 #VALUE! 1800
1300 -550 255.7 121.7 #VALUE!
2000
1400 -650 261 129.8 #VALUE!
1500 -750 265.5 138.1 #VALUE!
1600 -850 270.3 146.6 #VALUE!
1700 -950 277.5 154 #VALUE!
1800 -1050 282.1 163.6 #VALUE!
1900 -1150 169.4 #VALUE!
150 200 250 300

top reservoir P
T
BP
D