CM-II Impact Strength Report

Characterization of
Materials - I
Laboratory
Impact Strength Testing
Name: Arsalan Muhammad Khan

Group: 2
Email: bsmme1919
Instructor: Sir Aqib Zahoor
Abstract:
We have used Charpy Impact test to determine the impact strengths and relative toughness
of Brass samples. We subjected the samples to different temperature and did test multiple
times. We were thus able to plot Ductile to Brittle transformation curve
Introduction:
The impact strength and toughness is an important measure for a material as it can tell us
how much energy a material can actually absorb. Our Charpy impact tests the material to
fracture and uses principles of potential energy to give a measure of energy absorbed by
material or impact strength.
Objectives:
- Familiarity with impact test sample preparation
- Operating the Charpy impact testing machine
- Measuring the energy absorbed by materials
- Plotting Ductile to Brittle transformation curve
Theory:
Impact strength is when a large amount of force acts over a short interval of time. In
practical usage materials can undergo several impacts and their ability to withstand their
structural integrity is of vital importance. Failure occurs when elastic limit of material is
surpassed.
Brittle materials give low impact strength and toughness while Ductile materials have
relatively higher. Temperature also plays a role in determining impact strength as low
temperature can make dislocation flow difficult.
Ideally, we would see the toughness slightly decreasing with decreasing temperature and
slightly increasing at high temperatures. At a specific range of temperature, we would see a
sudden decline in toughness as we decrease temperature. This range would be called
ductile to brittle transformation (DBT) temperature.
There are two types of impact tests commonly performed. One is Izod test and the other is
Charpy impact test. In Izod test, the sample is vertically placed wit the help of chime and
notch is facing the striker. In Charpy test we place the sample horizontally supported at
both ends and the notch faces away from the striker.
Procedure:
- Prepare multiple samples of Brass with notches and fixed dimensions. Record dimensions.
- Place samples in freezer, heater and at room temperature (RT).
- In Impact testing machine, Raise the machine to full height and drop the anvil, record the
value obtained on scale. This is the zero-error due to frictional loses.
- Place the sample and again ready the machine, align the notch in center.
- Drop the anvil. The sample would be broken into two pieces.
- Record the energy absorbed on the scale which is given by how high the striker has risen
after breaking sample.
- Repeat the procedure for samples at different temperatures.
Readings & Calculations:
Length of the Specimen L =55mm
Breadth of the Specimen b =9.3mm
Depth of the Specimen d =9.3mm
Depth of the Groove dg =2.25mm
Initial reading on the graduated scale Ri =2 J
Final reading on the graduated scale Rf= 24 J (At room temperature = 25 C)
Final reading on the graduated scale Rf= 24 J (At 10°C temperature)
Final reading on the graduated scale Rf= 20 J (At 200°C temperature)
Sample Area of Energy Impact

Sample Sample Thickness Sample Absorbed strength
Material Temperature (d-dg) A = (b*t) V = (Rf – Ri) I = V/A
o
C in mm2 N N/mm2
Brass 10 oC 7.05 65.56 22 0.335
Brass 25 oC 7.05 65.56 22 0.335

Temperature Toughness Standard
o
C (Jm-3) Deviation
10 22 2.3094
25 22 2.3094
200 18 2.3094
Plots:
Toughness vs Temperature Line graph
Linear Fit
Precautions:
- Keep your distance when testing machine is running.
- Be aware of surroundings and moving parts.
- Use necessary precautions and safety when handling hot materials.
Conclusion:
We were expecting ideal behavior, but our results are very inaccurate and deviate from
expected results. We wanted to see a decrease in toughness with decreasing temperature
but in our results, we see the opposite trend. This is due to presence of errors like localized
stresses being already present in materials. The fracture surface may give insight to the
presence of defects in sample, and we can identify brittle fractures from fracture surface.
This might also be due to high thermal conductivity of Brass sample as it adjusts itself to
room temperature quickly and our temperature readings are inaccurate. It may also be due
to other expected and unexpected errors as well as human errors.
Surface finish of fracture of sample at 200 OC

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Characterization of

Impact Strength Testing

Name: Arsalan Muhammad Khan

Sample Area of Energy Impact

Brass 10 oC 7.05 65.56 22 0.335

Brass 25 oC 7.05 65.56 22 0.335

Surface finish of fracture of sample at 200 OC

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