ABSTRACT

A database
management
ADBMS system (DBMS)
is a software
package
designed to
define,
manipulate,
retrieve and
manage data in
a database. A
DBMS generally
manipulates the
data itself, the
data format,
field names,
record structure
and file
structure. It also
defines rules to
validate and
manipulate this
data.

Course
Advanced
database
Database Recovery Techniques in DBMS Management
System
2/11/2021
 Group Member Name
Abel Tesfaye
Bisrat Belay
Hana Abinet

Database recovery Techniques

Introduction
The database is a collection related data in an organized manner. This is the best way of storing the
data. A distributed system can be visualized as a set of sites, each site consisting of a number of
independent transactions. Database management systems are used to enable developers to create a
database, fill it with information and create ways to query and change that information without having
to worry about the technical aspects of data storage and retrieval. When we perform transaction on the
database then sometimes, we face failure. A transaction is an event which occurs on the database. It is a
set of changes that must all be made together. It is a program unit whose execution mayor may not
change the contents of a database
What is Database recovery?
Database recovery is a process of recovering or restoring data loss occurs or data gets deleted by system
crash, hacking, errors in the transaction, damage occurred coincidentally, by viruses, sudden terrible
failure, commands incorrect implementation and so on. Data loss or failures happen in database like
other systems but the data stored in the database should be available when ever it’s required. And so,
Database recovery is the process of restoring the database to most recent consistent state that existed
just before the failure.

Why database recovery is important?

Database are prone to failures due to inconsistency, network failure, errors or any accidental damage.
Reliable database recovery is highly important to bring a database back into a working state after a
failure.
Recovery includes the procedures of restoring database to the earlier and previously existing condition.
Database management system (DBSM) must include easy and quick techniques provided by Oracle are
reliable and efficient enough to maintain and bring the database to the same condition.

Crash recovery
It is the operation through which the database is transferred back to a compatible and operational
condition. In database management system this is performed by rolling back insufficient transactions
and finishing perpetrated transactions that even now existed in memory when the crash took place.
Classification of failure
1. Transaction failure: a transaction has to terminate when it arrives at a point from where it can’t
extend any further and when it fails to implement the operation.
 Transaction failure reason could by
I. Logical error: the errors which take place in some code or any intrinsic error
situation, where a transaction cannot properly fulfill.
II. System error: the error which take place when the database management system
is not able to implement the active transaction or it has to terminate it because
of some conditions in the system.
2. System crash: there are issues which may stop the system unexpectedly from outside and may
create the system condition to crash. Like -interference in the power (this may cause hardware
or software crash or failure)
3. Disk failure: Disk failures comprise bad sectors evolution in the disk, disk inaccessibility, and
head crash in the disk, other failures which damage disk storage completely or its particular
parts.
a. Storage structure: classified in two categories
 i. Volatile storage: is that cannot hold on crashes in the system. These devices are
located within reach of CPU.
Example: - the main memory and cache memory

ii. Non-Volatile storage: are created to hold on crashes in the system these devices
are enormous in the magnitude of data storage, but not quick in approachability.
Example: - hard-disks
- Magnetic tapes
- Flash memory
- RAM

Recovery Technique’s

1. Shadow Paging
In this technique, two directories named shadow and current directories are created. Initially both the
directories are considered to be same. Here the old record is not updated but rather a new record is
created and the pointer of the current directory is changed to the newly created record. As soon as this
operation is completed, the shadow directory is deleted and the current directory becomes visible.

2. Backup
One of the most famous mechanism, this is utilized by making periodic backup copies of database.
Backup copies are created at periodic intervals without any disturbance in the functioning of database.
This copy saves some portions of the database. Backup technique is used when a backup copy is
available to the database as per the user request.

3. Recovery manager
It is highly regarded set of modules that is responsible for restoring the database to the correct state if
any anomaly occurs. It basically uses log files as well as backup copies for the purpose of recovery. It
uses a collection of modules to recover the database entries.
 4. Checkpoint facility
A checkpoint in DBMS is defined as a pointer to the database and the log file. The method of
checkpoints is used to limit the search and subsequent processing in log files. Checkpoints act as
schedules that help in writing all the logs in a DBMS to the main memory. By this facility we are able to
find the time when the failure has occurred. Finally transactions are undone if the transaction was active
at the same time at which it was destroyed.

5. Logging Methods
The logging facilities are stored in the database systems to keep track of the database changes occurring
in a particular session. As the DBMS is aware of the fact that these log files are very important to
recover data, multiple copies are always created. To avoid these log files from failure these are stored in
offline storage. Then earlier files are archived but the most recent ones are always kept online in this
method. Online files can be accessed frequently for recovery.