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Individual and situational influences

Studies have shown that while women prefer more treble oriented music, men prefer to listen to bass-
heavy music. A preference for bass-heavy music is sometimes paired with borderline and antisocial
personalities.[45]

Age is another strong factor that contributes to musical preference. Evidence is available that shows
that music preference can change as one gets older.[46] A Canadian study showed that adolescents
show greater interest in pop music artists while adults and the elderly population prefer classic genres
such as rock, opera, and jazz.[47]

There’s a word in Tagalog, the national language of the Philippines, that specifically means to yank or
pull out, as in pulling a powerful emotion from deep inside. That word, hugot, expresses a sentiment at
the heart of so many OPM love songs. If it makes you swoon, if it makes you want to get up and sing,
then it’s a ballad for the ages. “It’s coming from the gut,” explains Isidora Miranda, a PhD candidate
studying the history of Filipino music at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. “It has that hugot feel. It
really evokes some very deep emotion for the listener.”

OPM encompasses many sounds and styles, including the vintage disco of the pioneering VST &
Company but also the swooning songs of Sarah Geronimo, the indie pop-rock of IV of Spades (pictured),
and the alternative rock of rising stars December Avenue. Most of all, though, OPM is associated with a
breezy, sentimental ballad form that inspires everyone to join in. “Ballads are big over here because
[we] love to sing,” says Diego Mapa, a member of the Filipino rock bands Pedicab, Tarsius, and
Monsterbot, whom we spoke with in early February. In the Philippines’ many karaoke bars, selections
may include OPM classics along with torch songs by popular American and British artists. “When you’re
drunk, broke, and heartbroken, I think singing a ballad from Scorpions or Air Supply will always mend
your worries, even just for a few minutes.”

From the 1990s to the 2000s, OPM pop was regularly showcased in the live band scene. Groups such as
Neocolours, Side A, Introvoys, the Teeth, Yano, True Faith, Passage, and Freestyle popularized songs that
clearly reflect the sentimental character of OPM pop of this era.

From 2010 to 2020, Philippine pop music or P-pop went through a huge metamorphosis in its increased
quality, budget, investment, and variety, matching the country's rapid economic growth, and an
accompanying social and cultural resurgence of its Asian identity. This was heard by heavy influence
from K-pop and J-pop, growth in Asian style ballads, idol groups, and EDM music, and less reliance on
Western genres, mirroring the Korean wave and similar Japanese wave popularity among millennial
Filipinos and mainstream culture. Famous P-pop music artists who had defined the growth of this now
mainstream genre include 4th Impact, Sarah Geronimo, SB19, 1st.One, KZ Tandingan, Erik Santos, Yeng
Constantino, MNL48, Regine Velasquez, BGYO, BINI, Alamat, and P-Pop Generation.

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