Ccp1.1: Pharmaceutical Botany With Taxonomy
Ccp1.1: Pharmaceutical Botany With Taxonomy
Ccp1.1: Pharmaceutical Botany With Taxonomy
1: PHARMACEUTICAL
BOTANY WITH TAXONOMY
MODULE NUMBER: 1
Flowers are characteristic reproductive structures of a plant that easily identified due to
its distinct color, form, size and anatomical arrangement. As a result of their primary function,
production of seed occurs. Seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed
coat, usually with some stored food. Flowers, on the other hand, the seed-bearing structure in
flowering plants. They are means by which flowering plants disseminate seeds.
Transpiration is the release of water from the plant leaves. This provides the energy to
transport water and aid in the heat dissipation by cooling through evaporation of water in direct
sunlight. Excessive transpiration, on the contrary, is detrimental to the plants for the reason that
it retards the plant’s growth that will eventually cause death by dehydration.
What are pharmacological contributions found in flowers, seeds and fruits. What is the
importance of studying Transpiration in plants?
1. Open the indicated website. Explore May GOD THE FATHER bless us,
2. Take down notes and copy some important May GOD THE SON heal us,
link so that you could go back whenever you May GOD THE HOLY SPIRIT enlighten us,
need information given in that site. Give us eyes to see with,
3. Go beyond the procedure given in the net. And ears to hear with,
Explore more. Hands to do God’s work with,
4. Review the videos as many times as Feet to walk and a mouth
needed. To preach the word of salvation with;
5. Follow and observe our NETIQUETTE for And may the Angel of Peace watch over us
this flexible learning. And lead us at last, by the Lord’s gift,
6. Before starting each activity, remember to To the kingdom. AMEN
pray and ask the Holy Spirit for grace and
guidance.
CCP1.1: PHARMACEUTICAL
BOTANY WITH TAXONOMY
PRETEST
1. Opening and closing of stomata (controlling water lost through transpiration and
formation of winter buds that put plant in dormant stage)
a. Auxins c. Abscisic acid
b. Giberellins d. Cytokinins
2. Pistil - hollow, bulb-like structure in lower interior of pistil. After seeds, will ripen and
become fruit
a. Ovary c. Cortex
b. Leaf d. Ovules
3. Atop the filament; has 4 lobes and contains cells that become pollen
a. Flower c. Stamen
b. Anther d. Annuals
5. Contains small embryonic plant, stored food, and seed coat for protection. When
exposed to proper amount of moisture, temperature, and oxygen, it germinates (begins
to sprout and start new plant). Stored food in seed is found in cotyledon
a. Seed c. Style
b. Style d. Style
STUDY
Instruction: Explore. Browse and Learn new interesting facts from these sites
Site 1: Flower (http://www1.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-
online/e02/02d.htm#:~:text=A%20flower%20is%20a%20rather,the%20petals%2C%20stame
ns%20and%20carpels)
Site 2: Seed (https://www.encyclopedia.com/plants-and-animals/botany/botany-general/seed)
Site 3: Fruits Types and Classification of Fruits
(http://faculty.valenciacollege.edu/tklenk/botany/labs/fruits.htm)
Site 4: Transpiration and Structure of Stomata
(https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/transport-in-plants/transpiration/)
Basic Readings:
1. Vasquez, Laurente and Cobar. (2015). Laboratory Manual for General Botany. University
of Santo Tomas Manila
CCP1.1: PHARMACEUTICAL
BOTANY WITH TAXONOMY
Article Readings:
1. Khenizy, Moneim, and Fattah. (2014). Effect of Natural Extracts on Vase Life of
Gypsophila Cut Flowers. Retrieved from Scientific Journal of Flowers and Ornamental
Plants https://sjfop.journals.ekb.eg/article_4000.html doi: 10.21608/SJFOP.2014.4000
2. Campos, et.al. (2020). Filling gaps in the seed dispersal effectiveness model for Prosopis
flexuosa: quality of seed treatment in the digestive tract of native animals. Retrieved
from Seed Science Research Cambridge University Press,
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/seed-science-research/article/filling-gaps-in-
the-seed-dispersal-effectiveness-model-for-prosopis-flexuosa-quality-of-seed-treatment-
in-the-digestive-tract-of-native-animals/63108121413E2590492A6E67CC8DCC71 doi:
https://doi.org/10.1017/S096025852000032X
Hook Activity:
Instruction: Watch the video with the link below
FLOWERS
Video 1: Dissection of A Hibiscus Flower (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLl7iEpqxZA)
Video 2 Flower Dissection ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_4BxqQgWvw)
PETALS (COROLLA)
SEPAL
RECEPTACLE
PEDUNCLE
PISTIL STIGMA
STYLE
OVARY
OVULE
LOCULE
PLACENTA
OVULE
AXIS
STAMEN
ANTHER
FILAMENT
POLLEN GRAIN
2. STRUCTURE OF AN IREGULAR FLOWER
Examples of papilionaceous, caesalpinaceous, bilabiate and orchidaceous. Draw
an example of each.
PAPILIONACEOUS CAESALPINACEOUS
ALFALFA CABALLERO
BILIABIATE ORCHIDACEOUS
MINIT FLOWER
ORCHID
3. INFLORESCENCES:
Draw the following types of Inflorescence: raceme, panicle, spike, ament or
catkin, spadix, cyme, corymb, umbel, head or capitate, and fascicle.
HEAD/CAPITATE FASCICLE
RACEME RACEME
4. Surf thru the internet and search for 10 medicinal uses/ functions of flowers and
accomplish the table below
PLANT SCIENTIFIC TRADITIONAL USES, REFERENCE
SPECIMEN NAME MEDICINAL
IMPORTANCE
Angelic Angelica It is use in treating coughs, https://www.profl
flower/herb archangelica cold and digestive disorders. owers.com/blog/m
And can be use as edicinal-flowers-
strengthening tonic for and-uses
children and seniors.
Begonia Begonia spp. A process called infusion https://www.profl
helps to remove headaches owers.com/blog/m
and rid the body of toxins. It edicinal-flowers-
is when the flower is soak in and-uses
hot water. The crushed
flowers and leaves is also
use to help relieve pain and
heal sores or burns by
rubbing it directly on the
skin.
Belis perennis Common daisy The flower acts as https://www.profl
expectorant and a laxative owers.com/blog/m
as to purge the body of toxic edicinal-flowers-
matter. It is also used as a and-uses
home remedy to help treat
physical disorders such as
rheumatism and arthritis. It
is also use to heal wounds by
direct application of poultice
or ointment on the skin.
Black Cohosh Actaea Black Cohosh is an https://www.profl
racemosa extremely potent flower. It owers.com/blog/m
can be used as an edicinal-flowers-
emmenagogue, which and-uses
means that it stimulates the
uterus. Women who
experience menstrual
problems can effectively use
low doses of this flower to
help regulate their cycles
and relieve pain. In the
same vein, pregnant women
should avoid it since it can
cause miscarriage or early
labor
Blood root Sanguinaria Effective in low doses when https://www.profl
treating respiratory owers.com/blog/m
problems. When mixed with edicinal-flowers-
other compounds It can be and-uses
made into a paste and
applied on the skin to treat
rashes, warts and various
dermic problems. Bloodroot
is also very effective in
cleansing the blood and
lowering fevers when
ingested as a tea or tonic
Blue Lobelia Lobelia Blue Lobelia is use as a https://www.profl
siphilitica treatment for syphilis as well owers.com/blog/m
as less severe ailments by edicinal-flowers-
Native Indians. The tea and-uses
made with this flower helps
to relieve, digestive
problems fevers and coughs
and colds.
Butterfly weed Asclepias Butterfly Weed is primarily https://www.profl
tuberosa effective in treating owers.com/blog/m
respiratory and related lung edicinal-flowers-
issues. I t is also used in and-uses
Native Indian cuisine. When
ingested in large amounts, it
can be used for internal
cleansing and pain relief.
Direct application to the skin
in the form of a poultice can
help to reduce swelling or
heal wounds.
Calendula Calendula Its bright yellow petals of https://www.profl
officinalis are effective when mixed owers.com/blog/m
with other substances to edicinal-flowers-
create ointments or creams. and-uses
It can then be applied on the
skin to heal burns, cuts, and
wounds.
California Poppy Eschscholzia It can be used in bladder https://www.profl
californica problems in adults and owers.com/blog/m
children and help reduce edicinal-flowers-
anxiety and insomnia, as and-uses
well. California Poppies can
also be used along with
other natural sources over a
longer period of time to help
with fatigue and depression
Carnation Dianthus Its petals can be brewed to https://www.profl
caryophyllus make an excellent tea to owers.com/blog/m
reduce, agitation, anxiety, edicinal-flowers-
stress and fatigue. It has and-uses
also healing effect on the
skin and can bring down
swelling.
The sepals and petals are called accessory parts because although they attract pollinators and protect
flower buds, they are not directly involved with sexual reproduction
7. Give the descriptive term for flowers that are pollinated by wind, water, animal and
insects
POLLINATED BY WIND
POLLINATION BY INSECTS
POLLINATIN BY ANIMAL
o Cheiropterophily – pollination by bat, examples the century plants (Agave spp.), white
saguaro cactus (Carnegiea), some bananas (Musa spp.).
POLLINATION BY WATER
o Hydrophily – pollination by water, e.g. the aquatic plants seagrasses (Zostera sp.)
and ribbon weed (Vallisneria spiralis).
CCP1.1: PHARMACEUTICAL
BOTANY WITH TAXONOMY
SEEDS
TESTA (SEED
COAT)
HILUM
MICROPYLE
EPICOTYL
HYPOCOTYL
RADICLE
HILUM
COTYLEDON
SEED COAT
2. CLASSIFICATION OF SEED AS TO NUMBER OF COTYLEDON
Give examples of monocot and dicot seeds
MONOCOT: Barley, bread weath, finger millet, corn, rice and sorghum
DICOT: Butter tree, castor, papaya, pea, radish, sunflower, beans, peanuts and lentils
RESEARCH
**Please refer to the Handouts given at our google classroom
ANALYSIS
Online Quizzes
Hook Activity:
Instruction: Watch the video with the link below
FRUITS
Video 1: Hands On: Fruit Dissection (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7foMnmtlhM)
1. CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS
Give examples of fruits and classify them based on composition: simple
aggregate and multiple
2. STRUCTURE OF FRUIT
Sketch the sections of fleshy fruits, label the pericarp layers and specify the kind
of fleshy fruit for each of them
BERRY- AVOCADO
EXOCARP
MESOCARP
ENDOCARP
PEPO- CUCUMBER
EXOCARP
ENDOCARP
MESOCARP
HESPERDIUM- ORANGE
EXOCARP
MESOCARP
DRUPE-PEACH
EXOCARP
MESOCARP
ENDOCARP
POME- APPLE
EXOCARP
MESOCARP
ENDOCARP
Draw a Simple dry dehiscent fruit and give their type according to dehiscence
Draw a Simple dry indehiscent fruit
CAPSULE - IRIS
4. In citrus fruits such as orange and lemon, what composes the fleshy portion of the fruit?
Its outer layer is called exocarp and the whitish part of the rind of the citrus fruits is a mesocarp. It is
also made up of small-juice filled pockets called juice sac. The fleshy portion of the citrus fruit also
composed of small juice-filled pockets but every segment is called pulp. The layer that covers the pulp
is called rind and segment is a part of a citrus fruit surrounded by a thin membrane containing the pulp
and seeds; each segment derives from separate ovaries within a single flower.
5. Coconut is not a nut, and it does not perfectly fit the description of a drupe. Explain.
Botanists classified nut as type of fruit that has shell and a seed, although coconut has a hard shell and
a seed it is not considered to be a true nut, because true nuts are indehiscent; they don’t split open to
release their seeds when ripe, however coconut germinates and sprouts from the end of the shell,
which then eventually splits, therefore it is not a nut. Meanwhile, drupe is a fruit that has hard covering
that protects the seed but a drupe is a type of fruit that contains a seed, and coconut can be considered
as the seed itself, because seed is a reproductive part of a flowering plant that contains baby plant
inside it and when you look at one end of the coconut you can see holes, this is where plants sprout,
therefore coconut does not perfectly fit the description of a drupe.
Hook Activity:
Instruction: Watch the video with the link below
TRANSPIRATION
1. What are some of the harmful effects of transpiration in plants? (excluding those that
are already mentioned)
Reduced growth- with transpiration, water deficit decreases the growth that
gives the plants a stunted appearance
Reduced yield- decreased availability of water inside the plant checks
meristematic activity and hence the formation of flowers, fruits and seeds.
Abscisic acid- Water stress produces abscisic acid. Abscisic acid prevents
several plant processes and promotes abscission of leaves, flowers and fruits
Wastage of energy The energy used in absorption and conduction of water
goes waste, Since 98-99% of absorbed water is lost through transpiration,
2. Name three types of transpiration and differentiate each
Stomatal transpiration, lenticular transpiration and cuticular transpiration
Stomatal transpiration is the most abundant dominant being responsible for the most water loss in
plants. It accounts 90-95% of the water transpired. Water vapor diffuses through the stomata. In
lenticular transpiration the water evaporates through openings called lenticels, whilecuticular
transpiration is the type of transpiration responsible for water loss through cuticle. Water vapor directly
diffuses through the cuticle on leaves and herbaceous stems and escapes to the atmosphere.
3. Explain the formation of water droplet within the inner linings of the bell jar.
The water droplets formed came from the transpiration of plants. When you put plant under the sun
and cover it with a bell jar, the plant will undergo transpiration, the water vapor will then condense
on the inner linings of the bell jar.
ACTION
BE A PLANTITO/PLANTITA
Instruction:
A. Every seed you plant move us closer to a more sustainable and healthier local food
system. So, get out there and plant a seed of your choice and snap a photo. The more
seeds you plant the higher grade you’ll get. Post a video update of your babies every
Friday to your facebook account. Use #myplantTitaJourney or #myplantTitoJourney
B. Kindly describe the seeds, fruits, and flowers of your plants based from the knowledge
you’ve gained from the subject.
Tomato and okra are angiosperm because they are flowering plants. My plant okra is a
capsule. It is a simple, dry fruit that splits open along multiple pores. Its flowers are
yellow with a crimson center but unfortunately, you can't see any flowers and fruits yet
but Okra has a perfect flower because it has both stamen and carpel. And my tomato
plant bears tomatoes that are considered as berry because they are fleshy fruit that have
soft tissues throughout and contains few to many seeds. And tomato plants also bear
flowers and it is also a perfect one because it has male and female parts.
CCP1.1: PHARMACEUTICAL
BOTANY WITH TAXONOMY
Not
Excellent Good Fair Poor
Complete
25 pts 20 pts 15 pts 10 pts
5 pts
Quality The program The program The program The program The program
quality is very quality is okay quality is not quality is not
good and shows and shows very good and reflects poor suitable to
very good some shows little knowledge of air on
knowledge of knowledge of knowledge of camera television.
camera angles, camera angles, camera angles, angles,
camera shots, camera shots, camera shots, camera
and editing. and editing. and editing shots, and
editing
CCP1.1: PHARMACEUTICAL
BOTANY WITH TAXONOMY
CLOSURE
LEARNING SKILL
YE TBH, IDK
S
I can DESCRIBE the structure
of a flower, DIFFERENTIATE
monocot from dicot flower,
and CONTRAST different
inflorescence
I can DESCRIBE the structure
of a seed and RELATE it to its
function, ENUMERATE seed
types
DIFFERENTIATE monocot
from eudicot seed
I can DESCRIBE the structure
of a fruit and RELATE it to its
function, I can ENUMERATE
fruit types
I can DIFFERENTIATE fleshy
from dry fruit
I can DESCRIBE the general
process of transpiration
CCP1.1: PHARMACEUTICAL
BOTANY WITH TAXONOMY
POSTTEST