E)ect of Modular Learning

To The Academic
Performance of Grade 1…
Students
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EIect of Modular Learning to the Academic Performance of Grade 12
Students in Aclc College of Iriga

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CHAPTER 1
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The Problem and its Background
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Introduction

COVID-19 pandemic has highly affected our society because of its health risks that may
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lead to danger. One of the affected sectors was education and it resulted to the suspension of

classes in order to avoid the spread of the virus. Despite of these challenging situations, the

Department of Education still managed to continue the classes through online conduct setting.

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Education helps people think, show their emotions, feel about things in a way that

benefits to their success, and improves not only their own personal contentment but also their

society and community. Also, education develops the individual’s personality, thoughts, that

deals with other people and prepares anybody for the purpose of the reality and life experiences

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(Al- Shuaibi, 2014).

Face-to-face learning usually where the instructor and the student meet in a set place for a

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set time, this document
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one-on-one learning or, most commonly, in gathering class lessons

comparable to what happens in school. Face to face learning could be a truly compelling way to

memorize information and abilities since it frequently combines distinctive ways of learning to

count writing, reading, discussion, presentations, projects, group work, film clips, demonstration

and practice (Jones, 2017).

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Online learning is the most up to date and the most prevalent form of distance education

nowadays. In the past decade, it has a major effect on postsecondary education and the trend is

only increasing. Online learning is an instruction that takes put over the Internet. It is frequently

referred to as “e-learning” among other terms. However, online learning is fair one sort of

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“distance learning” - the umbrella term for any learning that takes put over distance and not in a

traditional classroom (Stern, 2016).

Modules permit instructors to organize content to assist control the flow of the course.

Modules are utilized to organize course content by weeks, units, or a diverse organizational

structure. Modules basically make a one-directional direct flow of what students ought to do in a

course. Each module can contain records, discussions, assignments, tests, and other learning

materials. Module things can be included in the course from existing content or modern content

shells inside the modules. Course content can be included in different modules or iterated several

times throughout a person module (Anthony, 2015).

This study will research the Effective platform for the learning delivery modality in

Grade 12 students of ACLC College of Iriga. The study will also measure the advantages and

disadvantages of modular learning through the effect of printed modules for the Grade 12

students of ACLC College of Iriga. Different platforms and the effectivity will be also find based

on the Grade 12 student’s academic performance.

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored on Bruner Constructivism theory. Constructivism as cited by

Fosnot (2005) emphasize the active role of learner in building understanding and making sense

of the information. The constructivist teaching is learner centered where students are actively

involved in knowledge construction rather than passive learners.

A major theme in the theoretical framework of Bruner is that learning is an active process

in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current and previous

knowledge. The learner selects and transforms information, constructs hypotheses, makes

decisions, and rely on their own understanding. Cognitive structure (schema) provides meaning

and organization to experiences and allows the individual to go beyond the information given.

In other words, the teacher should try and encourage learner to discover principles by

themselves. With the use of the module the learner will be able to process new ideas that they

read from the module. From there they can depend on their own understanding and develop their

problem-solving skills.

Conceptual Framework

MODULAR LEARNING

ADVANTAGES AND ACADEMIC BENEFITS FACTORS OF

DISADVANTAGES OF OF MODULAR EFFECTIVENESS OF

MODULAR LEARNING LEARNING MODULAR LEARNING

EFFECT OF MODULAR LEARNING TO THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 12 STUDENTS IN ACLC COLLEGE OF
IRIGA

Modular learning will be brought three different variables in order to achieve the result of

the study which is to determine the advantages and disadvantages, academic benefits and factors

of effectiveness of modular learning to the academic performance of the students.

Ha = There were significant factors of effectiveness of using printed modules in the learning of

the Grade 12 students of ACLC College of Iriga based on their academic performance.

Ho = There were no significant factors of effectiveness of using printed modules in the learning

of the Grade 12 students of ACLC College of Iriga based on their academic performance.

Scope and Delimitations of The Study

This research will be focusing on the effects, effectiveness advantages and disadvantages

of printed modular learning. The study will be limited only for the Grade 12 students of ACLC

College of Iriga.

The study is all about the student’s preference on the type of learning they want in

accordance to their capability and interests, and also their benefits and struggles in a printed

modular learning system. The study will be conducted to determine the important factors and

opinions of the Grade 12 students of ACLC College of Iriga.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study will be conducted due to the COVID-19 pandemic that primarily affects the

sector of education in the whole country. this study shall provide more relevant results on the

academic benefits, effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages of printed modular learning to

the Grade 12 students of ACLC College of Iriga that relates other high school students in the

country.

This study will benefit the senior high school students and also the teachers and faculties

of ACLC College of Iriga because their opinions will be heard for the improvement of the quality

education provided by the school. In addition, the results of this study will help the future

researchers on conducting similar study on the academic benefits, effectiveness, advantages and

disadvantages of printed modular learning to provide more focus to the conditions of the students

about the system of learning they most prefer.

CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature

This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, published journals, generalizations or

conclusions, methodologies and other parts that may help strengthen the study. Those that were

included in this chapter helps in familiarizing and making a strong proof that are relevant and

similar to the present study.

2.1 Introductory Paragraph

In this chapter, the review of related literature and studies of the study about the effect of

modular learning to the academic performance of Grade 12 students of ACLC College of Iriga

will be presented on both local and foreign related literature and studies.

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2.2 Foreign Literature

According to Rodeiro & Nadas (2011), The proponents of modular schemes claim that

their benefits are in terms of curriculum versatility (number and timing of modular

examinations), short-term evaluation targets, daily input, re-sit opportunities and increasing

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encouragement among students. The modular assessment is criticized for fragmenting learning,

students joining assessments unprepared, over-teaching for the exam, and assessment overload.

Furthermore, people are claiming that GCSEs are becoming less and less demanding due to their

being less difficult, which has caused a decline in confidence in the qualification as a whole.

According to Alelaimat (2012), The most commonly used small teaching unit (modules)

that is a small teaching unit that adopts the principle of self-education strategy and

individualization. Also, the unit involves unique objectives. And activates as it is done in a

logical sequence to allow the learner to achieve the goals and improve the mastery. As it is done

in a logical sequence and sets a limit of adeptness which is reached according to the speed of the

self-learner so she/he can learn quickest.

According to Joyce (2020), Modular schooling cuts the time it takes to learn and thereby

allows for bigger immediate improvements in ability and value. Working professionals can learn

new skills in shorter periods of time, even as they work, which pays off in additional skill and

credentialing at the same time, rather than only at the end. It enables you to tailor your education

to the unique needs of your job prospects. You can supplement your education with a specific

certificate or portion of a degree to better prepare yourself for data science jobs, and more easily

combine humanities skills with technology skills, communication skills with coding skills,

analytical skills with design skills, etc.

Boise State University states that A Modular Learning Environment is a unit, chapter,

subject, or section of instruction. It is a standard unit within your course that is structured to
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encourage student progress. The length of a week is dependent on the lesson content and your

teaching style. An online teaching and learning environment with a facilitated framework is

essential for the presentation and implementation of the online learning process. When students

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are familiar with the class structure, they spend less time trying to guess what is planned, and

more time actually concentrating on the class material.

2.3 Local Literature

According to Bagood (2020), the transition of education delivery to modular distance

learning has wrought difficulties for the quality of education, on the part of school staff. The

DepEd is actively trying to find new ways to address current issues and capacitate its teachers

and school heads for the IT-based distance learning. Instructors along with Program Supervisors

prepared modules beginning in May 2020 in all subjects for all grade/year level across four

quarters in accordance to the "Essential Learning Competencies". These self-learning modules

are typically pre-tested, discussed and assessed, thus making them learning packages. The

module listings are distributed to all learners with the class schedule. The course will train

students on what topics to study and reinforce with them for the upcoming week.

According to Magsambol (2020), Modular learning is the "backbone" on which the

DepEd uses distance education. To help learning online, such as via the internet or text-based

content, we should create another set of modules. The reason the school has been delayed is

presumably because they had a new printer that needed to be shipped. Having problems with the

modules which are due to be used, this can be a common situation days before the opening of the

schools.

According to Magsambol (2020), Under the DepEd's robust, integrated learning system ,

students would have access to self-directed learning materials (SLMs). Teachers will provide

students with a syllabus in every quarter. Students will be having 4 sets of textbooks and lab

manuals in one year. The vocational certificates will be issued to parents before classes begin. In

Barangays where there is no school, there will be designated drop-off points for school supplies.

We intend to distribute the program four times during the school year. Completed assignment

sheets will be issued by parents to teachers. They can send their homework to the teachers in

school or at pick-up points in specified locations. Students' progress on the summative and

evaluation tasks will be observed. The Department of Education confirmed the schools won't be

conducting periodical exams this year, causing "distance cheating.".

"Education cannot be postponed, Secretary Briones says." To address the needs of

millions of students, the government adopted an educational distance learning strategy. Distance

learning, also known as correspondence training or self-study, is a mode of education where little

or no face-to-face contact exists between students and their teachers. This form is divided into

three sections. That is the one of the more convenient student resources for most of the average

Filipino students. It was the most common system of study between parents/guardians and was

the most preferred form of study (LESF) (Chin, 2020).

According to Malaya (2020), Asynchronous e-learning features individualized instruction

which allows learners to use self-learning modules (SLMs) in written, digital or electronic copy

whichever is applicable to the learner. Learners with Modular Distance Learning can also use

other tools such as textbooks, activity sheets, study guides, etc. Many teachers would have to

deliver instructional materials that are relevant. Students can now access these materials from

their home computer, tablet PC, or smartphone.

2.4 Foreign Studies

According to Malik, S.K. (2012), Modular teaching approach is an expansion and

advanced shape of programmed instruction/learning. The trend of using modules as teaching-

learning approach is getting to be very popular in later times. In this approach the instructor uses

teaching modules arranged for particular purposes instep of traditional reading material. Module

as a unit of instructing activity and learning communicated as an approximate number of hours

of study. The module will be self-contained in spite of the fact that certain combinations of

modules may represent a progression through the educational programs. This change is due to

the reason that in almost last decade learning speculations have moved from a stimulus-response

point to information processing. It helps students in understanding complex and difficult

concepts. In educational setting, in present the shift has moved from conventional instructing

approach to measured teaching approach.

According to Sadiq, S. (2014), In teaching there are numerous strategies which are being

utilized. A few of them are assignment strategy, discovery strategy, lecture strategy, dialog

strategy, programmed learning, project method, field trip, case study strategy, demonstration

strategy, modularized instruction. Modular teaching is a new approach in classroom settings, for

encounter taking in experiences in instruction moreover it has been getting much consideration.

The framework of taking in modules has turned into a bit of all level of instructions. Teaching

through module may be a self - taking in bundle overseeing one specific topic/ unit. It may be

utilized within any setting accommodating to the learner and may be finished at the learner's own

specific pace. Sufficient hypotheses assist more practices are available for the valuable demand

of separated teaching in our classrooms. Thus, this study was coordinated so as to check the

adequacy of modular instructing.

According to Dejene & Chen (2020), modularization is based on the concept of

separating the content into smaller, non-sequential units so the material can be easily taught. A

student's credits are accrued in order to apply for a certain amount of credit points. Module is a

unit of work that is self-contained and a method of teaching that is focused on acquisition of skill

sets and skills in discrete units. A module is a course that can be combined with other similar

courses to form a specialization in the field. Each unit or module is a part of an extended learning

experience that leads to a specified certification and a prescribed number of units or modules is

required.

According to Mazkeraj & Witte (2019), the modular education is a method that separates

the lessons into smaller pieces. Each module is designed to allow students to obtain a partial

certificate. The study evaluates the impact of modular education on reducing school dropouts,

and whether it is an effective solution. To inform on the education policy transition, this study

exploits the introduction of modular education in Belgium. With a difference-in-differences

design, the findings indicate that modular education can reduce drop out by 2.5 percent. The

greatest effects on foreign-born students were observed. Therefore, schools that are modular will

prove to be a successful policy for increasing enrollment and reducing ethnic disparity. With

regard to job rates, students who are enrolled in modular education are more likely to be working

and to earn greater incomes over time.

According to Abbasi et al. (2013), Studies have shown that any nurse should undergo

continuing education. They are strictly required to do so for the field of oncology. Depending on

the role of the instructor in the curriculum, there are usually two styles of teaching: Student-

centered and Teacher-centered. In a certain research, the impact of teacher-centered (lecture)

teaching methods and student-centered (module) instruction upon the experience and practice of

developed module was well planned in terms of material, relevance and mechanics. Also, the

module was evaluated by the students as highly effective, useful and efficient. Third-year

undergraduate students in the School of Education were surveyed as participants for the report.

The students were put into experimental and control classes. The classes were graded according

to their grades in the previous semester. The control group didn't use the established module,

whereas the experimental group did. The tests were performed based on the different exercises

and the questions asked at the end of each subject. Based on the tests, the students in the

experimental group performed at a high level, while those in the control group showed changes

in their results. In related ways, the approach should be useful for studying mythology and

folklore.

According to Naboya (2019), Supplemental instruction in Inorganic Chemistry is a

relatively recent creation, and is now being used as a method to complement classroom

instruction. This learning kit offers self-instructional modules that permit self-paced learning.

Since a module is a single instructional kit dealing with a single idea, it also offers a variety of

type to the instructional process. Modules differentiate between different learning styles, adapt to

meet a range of differing learning needs, and place the greatest burden on the learner. Modules

also encourage constructive engagement by the learner. The modular approach to education is

based in the fact that learning is best when it requires involvement in and control of the learning

process.

According to Yazon (2016), Teaching and learning through the use of modular method

has been implemented in the United States by educators. In order to provide better

comprehension, the would-be writer monitors the writing subject as a course, which may provide

better attention to the relevant information. Each module of the system is intended for a specific

type of person, as they should respond frequently to each course of action at the pace of the

learner.

According to Vergara (2017), The Alternative Learning System concentrate on the

efficient use of learning modules. These advanced elementary and secondary standardized tests

were developed for self-study. Furthermore, Alternative Learning Framework promotes the use

of supplementary learning resources such as those developed by the facilitator and those that

match the student's needs. It is important to contextualize learning because it teaches us how to

think. The approved and validated Alternative Learning System (ALS) will improve the

academic output of learners and provide lifelong learning skills to these learners.

CHAPTER 3

Methodology

Research Design

The researchers will be using qualitative approach of research in a descriptive type of

research method. The data will be gathered through the use of survey-gathering materials in

order to provide a clearer representation of problem to the respondents. The data will include

survey questionnaire and other things than can record documentation in the conduct of this study.

As instruments, the researchers will use of the qualitative approach, since the study is

more than just knowing the effects of modular learning to the students as well as the

effectiveness that takes to their advantages in coping with the modular learning system.

Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted within the vicinity of Iriga, Camarines Sur specifically in

ACLC College of Iriga wherein the respondents reside and are referred to the researchers. The

said locale will also be considered as highly populated provinces in the country which can be a

good basis for Grade 12 students of ACLC College of Iriga but not a representative of a whole

Grade 12 students.

Respondents and Sampling Procedure

The researchers will choose some of the Grade 12 students of ACLC College of Iriga that

will be considered in the study which is the effect of modular learning in their academic

performance as a whole. A randomized procedure will be conducted in choosing 100 Grade 12

students of ACLC College of Iriga despite of their gender.

In order to determine the samples for this study, the researcher will choose and ask

permission for the enrolled Grade 12 students of ACLC College of Iriga. The researcher will also

be considering the referrals of other people who are more appropriate to provide opinions about

the study as well as volunteering Grade 12 students of ACLC College of Iriga.

Data Gathering Tool

In order to gather more relevant data about the study, the researcher will use survey

questionnaires to gather the data and the respondent’s opinion about the topic. Under which, the

researchers will conduct virtual interview amidst the COVID-19 pandemic to collect data from

the respondents regarding the study. The virtual interview will be conducted because that will be

the only way allowed to gather data through interview in order to prevent the harm of the virus.

The virtual interview will obtain the necessary data coming from the respondents they will be

related and have a valid and relevant data align with the topic.

Data Gathering Procedure

The first step before going to the testing proper is to make a request letter. Upon

approval, the researcher retrieves the request letter. The parents, as well as respondent itself

members will be selected in the administration. In administering the questionnaire, the researcher

was using the time allotted for vacant to avoid distractions of class discussions. The Grade 12

student responses were given enough time to answer the questions. After data gathering, the

researcher now collected it for tallying the scores and to apply the statistical treatment to be used

with the study.

Data Analysis

The finding will be organized by the researcher by reviewing the survey transcripts

multiple times, reading through them and making initial notes. The data that will be gather in the

survey was tallied and analyzed. Likert scaling will be used to determine how the modular

learning affects Grade 12 students of ACLC College of Iriga. This will be also elaborate the

effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages of modular learning on Grade 12 students of ACLC

College of Iriga. The researcher will be going to use five-point scale; each point corresponding

Likert scale.

Point Scale Verbal Interpretation

5 4.21-5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.41-4.20 Agree
3 2.61-3.40 Moderately Agree
2 1.81-2.60 Disagree
1 1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree

STATISTICAL TOOLS

To be able for the researchers to generate a result, statistical tools must be used to

evaluate the gathered data. Conducting a statistical analysis helps the researchers to conduct a

meaningful result which will give to all the gathered data. The researchers used the statistical

tools is the z-test which is used to analyze two different population which variables are unknown.

The formula for z-test is:

´x −µ o
z=
σ / √n

wherein: ´=
x mean of the sample

µ o = mean of population

σ =standard deviation of population

n= no . of observations

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