REVIEW ARTICLE Am. J. PharmTech Res.

2019; 9(03) ISSN: 2249-3387

Journal home page: http://www.ajptr.com/

A Review On Substituted Benzimidazoles: Biologically Active

Compounds
Indira. M. Madawali , Gaviraj E. N, Navanath. V. Kalyane and B. Shivakumar*
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, B.L.D.E.A’s SSM College of Pharmacy and Research
Centre, Vijayapur, Karnataka-586103, India.
ABSTRACT
Benzimidazole is the heterocyclic compound which contains a phenyl ring fused to an imidazole
ring, Benzimidazole analogs are of crucial importance because of their different clinical
applications and biological activity. Benzimidazoles are known as an optimistic class of bioactive
heterocyclic compounds possessing a wide variety of biological activities. Benzimidazole
derivatives play an important role in medical field with so many pharmacological activities such as
antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer activity, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiproliferative, antitumor,
anti-HIV, anticonvulsant, antiprotozoal, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive,
anticancer, androgen receptor antagonist, vasorelaxant etc. This review is summarized to
understand the chemistry of various derivatives of substituted benzimidazoles with their
pharmacological activities.
Keywords: Substituted Benzimidazoles, Chemistry, Pharmacological activities.

*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Received 15 May 2019, Accepted 04 June 2019

Please cite this article as: Shivakumar et al., A Review On Substituted Benzimidazoles: Biologically
Active Compounds. American Journal of PharmTech Research. 2019.
Shivakumar et. al., Am. J. PharmTech Res. 2019; 9(03) ISSN: 2249-3387

INTRODUCTION
Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. It is a very important pharmacophore
and a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry. This compound is bicyclic and consists of the
fusion of benzene and imidazole [1]. Benzimidazole is a benzo derivative of imidazole. Although
benzimidazole is the common name of the parent compound of the series, other names such as
benzimidazole and 1,3-benzodiazole (Figure 1) are often used.
H
N

Figure 1: 1H-Benzimidazole
The properties of benzimidazole and its analogs have been studied for over hundred years.
However a particular interest of researchers in benzimidazole derivatives was that 5, 6-dimethyl-1-
(α-Dribofuranosyl)benzimidazole is a fundamental component of the structure of vitamine B12 [2].
Monoacyl derivative of o-phenylenediamine is converted by heat alone into the corresponding
benzimidazole (Figure 2). These conversions are generally carried out at a temperature slightly
above the melting point of the starting compounds. This is a convenient method for the synthesis
of benzimidazoles when the monoacyl derivatives are readily obtained. The process can be
improved by heating the monoacyl derivative of diamine in a nitrogen atmosphere to prevent
oxidation. The diacyl derivatives of o-phenylenediamines are again converted into benzimidazoles,
however higher temperatures are needed.
H H
NH2 N R
O- N

C
C OH R + H2O
NH + R N N
H

COR COR COR

NH N R N
O-
C
C OH C R + H2O
NH R N N
H

H
N
C R + RCOOH
N

Figure 2: Synthesis of benzimidazole

Benzimidazole is also obtained from o-phenylenediamine and mono or di-basic acid. In this
process, the diamine is simply heated with excess acid. This method has been recommended as a
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means of identifying fatty acid α-hydroxy acid. Phenylacetic acid and diphenylacetic acid are
converted to the corresponding benzimidazoles when heated with o-phenylenediamine. The
Phillips modification of the above procedure consists in refluxing with the o-phenylenediamine
and mono basic acid in 4N hydrochloric acid. The benzimidazole is then precipitated by
neutralizing the solution with ammoniumhydroxide. Benzoic acid gives only traces of 2-
phenylbenzimidazole (Figure 3). Apparently this method is not applicable to the aromatic
monobasic acid.
O OH

NH2
N
4NHCl
+
NH2 N
H

Figure 3: Phillips modification for the synthesis of benzimidazole

Benzimidazole and its derivatives are associated with various types of pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic properties.The benzimidazole nucleus is one of the bioactive heterocyclic
compounds that have a number of biological activities. In particular, this core is part of vitamin
B12. The pharmacological activities of the benzimidazole containing moiety are well documented.
Albendazole, Mebendazole and Thiabendazole are often used as anthelmintic drugs [3].
A literature review shows that the many derivatives of benzimidazole were synthesized because of
their pharmacological activities. Some of the already synthesized compounds have found a very
strong application in medical practice.
Antimicrobial activity:
Naaz F et al [4], reported that a new set of heterocyclic sulfonamide-bound molecules (Figure 4)
was synthesized and tested for antibacterial activity. During antibacterial screening with the broath
dilution method, it has been found that molecules are found to be highly active against different
human pathogens, namely B. cerus, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, and most effective
against E. coli. The results indicated a positive development of antibacterial lead using the
combination approach.
Cl
O
S N
N
O
-
O +
N
O
Br Br

Figure 4: Sulphonamide derivative of benzimidazole

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Kishore B et al [5], reported a new series of 3-[4-(1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl) oxazol-2-yl]-2-

thiazolidin-4-ones and 1-[4-(1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl) oxazol-2-yl)-3-azetidin-2-ones (Figure 5)
were prepared from 2-acetyl benzimidazole. The title compounds were tested for their
antimicrobial activity. Some of the compounds show promising antimicrobial activity.
N N
O O
Ar
Ar
N N N N 1 4
N N
H S H
3
2 Cl
O
O

Ar= -C6H5, -2-ClC6H4, -2-BrC6H4, -4-CH3C6H4, -4-OCH3C6H4, -4-N(CH3)2C6H4, -

2,4-Cl2C6H3, -2,4-Br2C6H4
Figure 5: 3-[4-(1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl) oxazol-2-yl]-2-thiazolidin-4-ones and 1-[4-(1H-
benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl) oxazol-2-yl)-3-azetidin-2-one derivatives
Antiparasitic effect:
Keurulainen L et al [6], designed, synthesized and tested a set of 2-arylbenzimidazoles
against Leishmania donovaniamastigotes. The left- and right- side rings of the molecule, as well as
the amide linker were modified. 2-Arylbenzimidazole derivative (Figure 6) was active against L.
donovani-infected THP-1 cells showing 46% parasite inhibition at 5 μM.

S
CH3
NH
N O

N
H

Figure 6: 2-Arylbenzimidazole derivative

Karale BK et al [7], synthesized a series of new thiadiazoles and triazoles (Figure 7, Table 1)
anchored with benzimidazole and investigated their biological activities.

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CH3

N CH3
N
N
N N
CH3
N O
N CH3
C N
CH3
NH CH3
HN N S
C S
R1
HN
N
R1 Thiadiazoles R2

R2
R3 R3
CH3

N
N

N CH3
N R3
CH3
N N
T riazoles R2
N
R1
SH

Figure 7: Benzimidazolyl anchored azoles

Table 1: Substituents for benzimidazolyl anchored azole derivatives
R1 -H -H -CH3 -H -OCH3
R2 -H -H -H -CH3 -H
R3 -H -CH3 -H -H -H

Antiulcer activity:
Nadeem H et al [8], reported that a series of six new benzimidazole-pyrazole hybrid molecule
(Figure 8, Table 2) were synthesized and characterized. In vivo anti ulcerogenic activity was
evaluated for all compounds synthesized. All six compounds synthesized showed higher anti-ulcer
activity as compared against standard omeprazole. The results clearly show that these new
benzimidazole-pyrazole hybrids may constitute a new category of potential anti ulcer compounds
and may be considered as new anti-ulcer drugs upon further investigation.
N
S O
N
H
N
N

1
R

Figure 8: Benzimidazole–pyrazole hybrid molecule

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Table 2: Substituents for benzimidazole-pyrazole derivatives

a b C d e f
R -C6H5 -2-OHC6H5 -2-OHC6H5 -4-OHC6H5NH -C6H5 -3-OH,-4-OCH3
R1 -2-OH -2-OH -3-OH,-4-OCH3 -2-OH -H -H

Madala SR et al [9], reported that 1-methyl-2{[(3,4- di methoxy pyridine2-yl) methyl] sulfanyl}-5-

nitro-1H-benzimidazole (Figure 9) was synthesized by coupling 1-methyl-2-mercapto-5-nitro-1H-
benzimidazole with pyridine derivative in presence of a base at room temperature. The synthesized
compound was tested for antiulcer activity by using the technique of cold and restraint ulcer. The
results showed that the compound showed significant activity.
H3C
O
CH3
O 2N N O
S N
N
CH3

Figure 9: 1-methyl-2{[(3,4- di methoxy pyridine2-yl) methyl] sulfanyl}-5-nitro-1H-

benzimidazole
Antiviral activity:
Kharitonova MI et al [10], reported that β-D-ribo- and 2′-deoxyribofuranosides of 2-amino-5,6-
difluorobenzimidazole nucleosides (Figure 10) were synthesized using the enzymatic
transglycosylation reaction. 2-Amino-5,6-difluoro-benzimidazole riboside exhibited selective
antiviral activity against a wild strain of the herpes simplex virus, and against cidofovir, acyclovir
and foscarnet resistant virus strains. It has been hypothesized that this compound can be used to
treat herpes infections in such cases, when acyclovir is ineffective.
F N
NH2
F O '
X= -H(2 -deoxyriboside)
HO
X= -OH(riboside)active against HSV-1

HO X

Figure 10: 2-amino-5,6-difluorobenzimidazole nucleosides

Zarubaev VV et al [11], synthesized a series of 1,3-disubstituted-2-iminobenzimidazolines (Figure
11) and a number of their tautomeric analogs. Synthesized compounds were tested for toxicity to
MDCK cells and for inhibiting activity against influenza virus A/California/07/09 (H1N1) pdm09.

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It has been found that some of synthesized benzimidazole derivatives have a potent virus-
inhibiting activity against pandemic influenza virus with fairly modest cytotoxicity.
O O
H
Cl N
NH
N N
Cl
NH
N O
Cl

OH

Figure 11: 1,3-disubstituted 2-iminobenzimidazolines

Antiproliferative activity:
Abdel-Aziz HA et al [12], reported that a series of 2-((benzimidazol-2-yl)thio)-1-arylethan-1-ones
(Figure 12) were synthesized. All compounds were evaluated against anti-proliferative activity
against the neoplastic colon HT-29 cell line. In addition, their inhibitory activity against cell
surface expression of CD133, a potent marker for cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the same cells, was
assessed by flow cytometry at 10 μM.
N
S O
N
H
Ar

Ar = -2,3,4-(OCH3)3-C5H2
Figure 12: 2-((Benzimidazol-2-yl)thio)-1-arylethan-1-one derivatives
Kamal A et al [13], synthesized a new series of 2-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazolo-benzimidazole conjugates
(Figure 13) and investigated their antiproliferative activity in the group of sixty cancer cell lines.
The compounds (NSC: 761109/1) and (NSC: 761814/1) showed remarkable cytotoxic activity
against most of the cancer cell lines in the one dose assay and were administered at five dose levels
(0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μM) with GI50 values in the range of 0.79–28.2 μM. The flow cytometric
results of these compounds showed increased cells in the G2/M phase, indicating a G2/M cell
cycle arrest. Furthermore, these compounds showed inhibition of tubulin polymerization and
disruption of microtubule formation.
F N N
O H 3 CO N N
O
N N OCH 3
H N N OCH 3
H

OCH 3 OCH 3
H 3CO H 3 CO

Figure 13: 2-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazolo-benzimidazole conjugates

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Antihypertensive activity:
Han XF et al [14], reported that novel angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) blockers bearing 6-
substituted carbamoyl benzimidazoles with a chiral center were developed and synthesized as the
first step in the development of new antihypertensive agents. The newly synthesized compounds
were tested for their potential ability to displace [125I] Sar1 Ile8-Ang II, which was specifically
bound to human AT1 receptor. The candidate (Figure 14) was identified on the basis of plasma
analyses, toxicology studies, and chronic oral tests for its excellent efficacy in antihypertension
and relatively low toxicity.
CH3

N CH3

O
N

NH

H3C
N
N
N NH

Figure 14: 6-substituted aminocarbonyl benzimidazole derivative

Wang JL et al [15], reported that a series of 6-substituted aminocarbonyl benzimidazole
derivatives (Figure 15, Table 3) were designed and synthesized as nonpeptidic angiotensin II
AT1 receptor antagonists. The preliminary pharmacological evaluation revealed nanomolar
AT1 receptor binding affinity and good AT1 receptor selectivity over AT2 receptor for all
compounds of the series.
N CH3
R
NH
N
n
O COOH

Figure 15: 6-substituted aminocarbonyl benzimidazole derivatives

Table 3: Substituents for 6-substituted aminocarbonyl benzimidazole derivatives
N 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
R -H -2-OMe -3-OMe -4-OMe -3,4-di- -3-OMe -4-OMe -3,4-di- -3,4-di- -2-F -4-F
OMe OMe OMe

HIV Inhibitors:
MariaMonforte A et al [16], reported some N1-aryl-2-arylthioacetamido-benzimidazoles (Figure
16) as a novel class of Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Most of the new

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compounds well tried to be very much effective in inhibiting every RT enzyme protein at
nanomolar concentrations and HIV-1 replication in MT4 cells with low toxicity.
CH3

X CH3 R'
R N
S NH
N
O R"

X = -CH2, -SO2
R = -H, -Cl
R’ = -Br, -Cl, -NO2; R”= -H, -CH3, -COOCH3, -SO2CH3, -SO2NH2
Figure 16: N1-aryl-2-arylthioacetamido-benzimidazole derivatives
Ferro SF et al [17], reported that non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are an
integral part of the currently available combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) which helps to
reduce the AIDS-mortality and turned the disease from fatal to chronic. In this context, they
recently reported a series of 6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-
ones (Figure 17) as potent non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. All the newly
obtained compounds were evaluated as RT inhibitors and were co tested against RTs containing
single amino acid mutations. Finally, molecular docking studies were conducted to rationalize the
identified activity of the most promising compound.

R
O n
S
O
Cl N
O
N
H

R = -H, -2-Cl, -3-Cl, -4-Cl, -2-CH3, -3-CH3, -4-CH3

n = 1 or 2
Figure 17: 6-chloro-1-(substituted-phenylsulfonyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one
derivatives
Antiprotozoal activity:
Farahat AA et al [18], prepared a series of novel benzimidazole diamidines (Figure 18) from the
corresponding dicyano analogues either by using Pinner method or by preparing amidoximes
intermediates which were reduced to the corresponding amidines. The new amidines were
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evaluated against the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense by in vitro method. The
thiophene analogue and the N-methyl compound showed superior antitrypanosomal activity
compared to that of the parent I.
NH2

N N NH2
HN
HN NH
N X N NH
H
NH2 H2N R
X= -O, -S R= -CH 3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -Cyclohexyl
1
R N
CF 3
2 N
R
3
R
Figure 18: Benzimidazole diamidine analogues
Karaaslan C et al [19], synthesized a number of mono and dicationic new 2-anilinobenzimidazole
carboxamidines (Figure 19) starting from 4-amino-3-nitrobenzonitrile and corresponding o-
phenylenediamines. Their antiparasitic activity against Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma
brucei rhodesiense was investigated in vitro. Some of the dicationic compounds showed equal or
very close activity against T.b. rhodesiense with melarsoprol and co-exhibited a promising activity
against P. falciparum compared to chloroquine.
NHR

N
HN
NH
N
H

R= -H
NH
NHR

Figure 19: mono and dicationic-2-anilinobenzimidazole carboxamidines

Antitumor activity:
Gu W et al [20], designed and synthesized a series of new 1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives of
dehydroabietic acid (Figure 20) as potent antitumor agents. In the in vitro method, most of the
compounds showed significant cytotoxic activity against two carcinoma cells (SMMC-7721 and
HepG2) and reduced toxicity to noncancerous human hepatocyte (LO2).

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Br Br

N HO N HO
CH3 N CH3 N
N N
CH3 H F CH3 H CH3

COOCH 3 COOCH 3

Figure 20: 1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives of dehydroabietic acid

El-Gohary NS et al [21], prepared and tested new benzimidazole analogs (Figure 21) for anti-
tumour activity. In vitro antitumor screening of the new benzimidazoles toward HepG2, HCT-116
and MCF-7 cancer cell lines showed that these compounds are the most potent analogs to all cell
lines tested. The three potent in vitro antitumor analogs were further examined for the in vivo
method of antitumor activity on EAC in mice, and in vitro cytotoxicity against the normal W138
cell line. The results showed that compound 1 has the highest in vivo activity and that the three
analogs tested are less cytotoxic to the normal W138 cell line than 5-FU.
-
O
+
N N S -
O O
NH OCOCH3
N
+
H
N N N S
O

+ N
- N
O O H
-
O
O
+
N N S
O

N
H R

R= a) -Cl; b) –Br
Figure 21: Some new benzimidazole analogs
Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory activity:
Gote SA et al [22], reported that a series of 7-chloro-2-[3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-aryl-4,5-
dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-6-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazole (Figure 22) was synthesized by the action of
7-chloro-6-fluoro-2-hydrazino-1,3-benzothiazole on chalcones in the presence of catalytic amount
of glacial acetic acid and ethanol. The synthesized compounds were tested for their anti-
inflammatory and analgesic activity.

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N N N
CHO N H

F S

Cl Ar
Ar= ,
CHO
CHO CHO CHO CHO
CHO CHO
Cl

N
CH 3 OCH 3 OCH 3 H 3C CH3
, , , , OH , Br , Cl

Figure 22: 7-chloro-2-[3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-6-

fluoro-1,3-benzothiazole derivatives
Hosamani KM et al [23], reported that a series of 2-methylaminobenzimidazole derivatives (Figure
23) were synthesized by the reaction of 2-(chloromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole derivatives with
primary aromatic amines. Some of the compounds showed strong analgesic (89% at 100 mg/kg
b.w) and anti-inflammatory (100% at 100 mg/kg b.w) activities compared to standard drug
Nimesulide (100% at 50 mg/kg b.w).
N

N NH
R H
1
R

R= -H, -Br, -NO2

R1= -H, -Cl, -Br, -CH3, -OCH3
Figure 23: 2-Arylaminomethylbenzimidazole derivative
Antioxidant activity:
Karaali N et al [24], reported that a number of new 2-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1H-benzimidazole
derivatives with thiosemicarbazide, triazole, oxadiazole and thiadiazole units (Figure 24, Table 4)
are present in the 1st position of benzimidazole ring has been synthesized and tested for its
antioxidant activity. The inhibitor activities of the synthesized compounds were determined with
CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC), ABTS (2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-
6-sulfonicacid)/persulfate and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays. Most of the
compounds show significant antioxidant activity.

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NO2
NO 2

N
NO2 N

N
N N

O
O
N
NH
NH
HN
O N
NH
HS N S
N R1 R

NO 2 NO 2

N N

N
N

N
N
N S
R N N

NH
HS R

Figure 24: 2-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1H-benzimidazole derivatives bearing thiosemicarbazide,

triazole, oxadiazole and thiadiazole moieties
Table 4: Substituents for 2-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1H-benzimidazole derivatives bearing
thiosemicarbazide, triazole, oxadiazole and thiadiazole moieties
a b c
R -CH3 -C2H5 -C6H5
R1 Cl Cl Cl

OH OH OH
CH3 CH3 CH3

Taha M et al [25], reported that novel 4-Methylbenzimidazole derivatives (Figure 25) were
synthesized and evaluated for their antioxidant activity. All synthesized compounds were
evaluated for DPPH activity. Some of the compounds showed excellent activities, ranging 12-29
μM, better than the standard drug n-Propylgallate (IC50 ¼ 30.30 ± 0.40 μM). For superoxide anion
scavenging activity, many of the compounds showed better activity than standard n-Propylgallate
(IC50 ¼ 106.34 ± 1.6 μM) and ranged from 82-104 μM.

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CH3

N O

N NH N
H
R
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3 CH3 OH
OH OH

OH

R= OH , HO , OH , HO OH , OH

CH3 CH3 CH3

CH3

OCH3 Br
OH , OH , OH , OH

Figure 25: 4-Methylbenzimidazole derivatives

Anticancer activity:
Mook Jr RA et al [26], developed a new class of benzimidazole inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin
signaling based on SAR studies of the Niclosamide salicylanilide chemotype. These studies
identified 4-chloro-2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) phenol (Figure 26) and
concerned derivatives with higher Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibition vs. differential effects on
cellular ATP homeostasis. These compounds may be useful in elucidating the mechanism of
Niclosamide’s inhibition of Wnt signaling, and may aid in the discovery of inhibitors having
improved pharmacologic properties in the treatment of cancer and diseases in which Niclosamide
has vital biological activity.
CF 3

N
Cl
N
H

O
H

Figure 26: 4-chloro-2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) phenol derivative

Shao KP et al [27], synthesized a series of pyrimidine–benzimidazol hybrids (Figure 27) and
investigated anticancer activity in four human cancer cell lines including MCF-7, MGC-803, EC-
9706 and SMMC-7721. Some of the synthesized compounds showed moderate to strong activity
against MGC-803 and MCF-7.

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2
R
N
1
R N S
N
N
H

R1= -H, R2= -4-CH3O-C6H5-NH-

R1= -Cl, R2= -4-CH3O-C6H5-NH-
Figure 27: Pyrimidine–benzimidazole derivatives
Androgen receptor antagonist:
Ng RA et al [28], described the synthesis and in vivo SAR of 5,6-dichloro-benzimidazole
derivatives (Figure 28) as new selective androgen receptor antagonists. During the screening of 2-
alkyl benzimidazoles, it has been found that a trifluoromethyl group greatly improves antagonist
activity in the prostate. This Benzimidazole derivative is a potent AR antagonist in the rat prostate
(ID50 = 0.15 mg/day).
Cl N CF 3

Cl N OH
H
Figure 28: 5,6-dichloro-benzimidazole derivative
Vasorelaxant activity:
Navarrete-Vazquez G et al [29], reported that a series of 1H-benzo[d]imidazole analogues (Figure
29) of Pimobendan, substituted at position 5 with either –CF3 or –NO2, were synthesized using a
short synthetic route. All the nitro derivatives were potent, and showed a partial endothelium-
dependent vasorelaxant effects, with EC50s <5 μM. 2-Methoxy-4-[5-nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-
yl]phenol was the most potent derivative in the series, showed an EC50 value of 1.81 μM and Emax
of 91.7% for ex vivo relaxant response in intact aortic rings, resulting in a 2.5-fold higher activity
compared to Pimobendan. The closely related 5-CF3 analogue was 19 times less potent than –NO2
substituted compound.
R1 N
R4
N
H
R2 R3

R1= -CF3, -NO2

R2= -H, -OMe, -OEt, -NO2, -OiPr,

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R3= -H, -OMe, -O-CH2-O,

R4= -H, -OH, -OPr, -N(Me)2, -OMe
Figure 29: Pimobendan analogues of 1H-benzo[d]imidazole
CONCLUSION
The present literature reveals that the benzimidazole nucleus, which can potentially be used in the
field of drug discovery area and medicines, has versatile biological activities. In future, therefore,
there is a great scope for developing a new class of substituted benzimidazoles to show better
efficacy.
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