Calamansi (Citrusfortunella microcarpa) Pure

extract and Aloe Vera gel as hand sanitizer

RESEARCHERS:
Milcah Shane N. Saren
Richelle L. Arabis

Research adviser:
Rosilyn P. Cajes
 INTRODUCTION
Citrusfortunella microcarpa (calamansi) is an important
Citrofortunella, meaning that it is an intergenetic hybrid between a
member of the genus citrus in this case probably the Mandarin
orange and the kumquat belonging to fortunella. It has
considerable amount of pure extract stored in the find. The most
common methods of extraction are the cold press method,
maceration method, and centrifugal extraction. The calamansi pure
extract is an all natural body odor eliminator and anti persperant.
Also, calamansi extract improve the beauty and quality of skin and
hair.

A hand antiseptic, hand disinfectant , hand sanitizer is a

supplement or alternative to hand washing with soap and water.
Many preparations are available, including foam and liquid
solutions. The active ingredient in hand sanitizer a maybe isopropyl
alcohol (isopropanol), ethanol, n-propanol, or providing iodine.

The purpose of making an antibacterial hand sanitizer from

calamansi pure extract and aloe vera gel is to create a new
substance and to discover if this works, to help clean the people
hands and to be germfree. Earlier, whenever the people hands
used to get dirty, people used to go in search of a good soap and
water. This used to become a great inconvenience especially when
travelling. Water spills and soap not getting rinsed properly and of
course water wastage. All these factors contributed to the
discovery of something called sanitizer.

According to Till Tilton, ( 2016) aloe vera contains natural

moisturizer that help retain moisture on dry and rough skin. After
you are finished sanitizing, the alcohol will evaporate off of your
hand killing the germs, and the aloe vera in hand sanitizer will
remain and form a protective layer on your skin leaving it soft for
you. A hand sanitizer that does not contain aloe vera will typically
dry out your hands because of the high content of alcohol in it
according to the centers for disease control. Hand sanitizer a
without alcohol may be more likely than those with alcohol to
irritate and dry out the users hand.

According to Lyna May Bocala,(2014). Calamansi or calamondins

belong to the citrus family it is a fruit tree native in the Philippines.
The tree is low set, spreading and we'll branched. The leaves are
broad and oval and dark green to pale green on the upper and
lower surface, respectively. The fruit is usually small and round,
ranging from 3.0 to 3.0 inches in diameter. The rind may be thin or
thick. Calamansi is rich source of vitamin C it's juice is used as a
flavoring ingredient or as an additive in various food preparation.
The pulp can be utilized in beverages, syrup, can be need in making
jam, candies and marmalade wit it's alkanizing effect, calamansi
helps food helps blood circulate energy and facilitates normal
digestion.

As cited in an online article, phdessay,com,(2012), a hand

antiseptic, hand disinfectant, or hand washing with soap and
water. Many preparations are available, including gel, foam, and
liquid solutions. The act of ingredient in hand sanitizers may be
isopropyl alcohol, n propanol, or providing iodine. Active
ingredients in the alcohol rubs typically include a thickening agent
such as poly acylic acid for alcohol gels, homectants such as
glycerin for liquid rubs, propylene glycol, and essential oils plants.
Alcohol based hand sanitizer are more effective at killing
microorganisms than soap and do not try out hands as much.

These days people are really prone to disease just by simply

touching a dirty thing, and commonly the hands are particularly
one of the body that sometimes causes to be I'll, but not all
bacteria that the people have are bad, there are some that is good
for the body, that helps the body function perfectly. That's why the
researchers group decided to make an aloe vera and calamansi
sanitizer, to fight off the bad ones. Aloe Vera gel had alleged to be
useful for dry skin conditions, cosmetic oilments, hair and scalp
problems and many more.

First, the researchers scrape the gel of the aloe vera so that their
sanitizer would be sticky. They used alcohol oil to make up that
sanitizer. They mixed all the materials and come up to an aloe vera
and calamansi hand sanitizer. Aloe vera and calamansi hand
sanitizer can make the hands clean and far from disease that can
harm people and lead the serious problems or even death.

Review of Related Literature (RRL)

The researchers are creating a more effective hand sanitizer with
ingredients that are usually found locally. Calamansi is an example
of this local ingredient that is needed for hand sanitizing.
Calamondin(Citrofortunella Microcarpa) is an important
Citrofortunella, meaning that the calamondin is an intergenetic
hybrid between a member of the genus (citrus in this case probably
the mandarin orange) and the komquat belong to fortunella.

Calamondin is a shrub or small tree growing to 3-6 meter(9.8-

19.7ft). The plant is characterized by wing-libe appendages on the
leaf stalks and white or purplish white flower. The fruit of the
calamondin resembles a small, round line. Usually 3-5-35 in
diameter but sometimes up to 45mm. The center pulp and juice is
the orange color of tangerine with a very thin orange pill when
ripe. Each fruit contains 8-12 seeds(portonia,2014).

Calamansi extract is composed of ascorbic acid, phosphorus and

calcium the extract is derived from a fruit three that is native to the
Philippines. Today, woman in the Philippines (around the world)
use calamansi extract to improve the beauty and equality of skin
and hair. The extract may be found in skin lotions, such as body
lotion or cold creams, added to shampoos and conditioners. Many
women in the Philippines find the extract of calamansi an
important element of staying youthful looking and growing long,
skinny hair that is both strong and glossy.

Soap containing calamansi extract may also feature fruit extract

with built-in AHAS, such as papaya extract. The combination of
calamansi and other fruit acids are believed to help the skin cells
and reveal a smoother, rosier and less wrinkled surface. Soaps
made with calamansi may be designed for use on the body.
Sometimes, these soaps will be used alongside toners and
moisturizer s that also contain calamansi. Shampoos, Conditioners
and hair product containing calamansi may be used to clean,
condition and groom the hair. These product will use small
percentage of calamansi extract, alongside larger concentrations of
typical shampoo, hair conditioner and hair product ingredients,
such as aloe vera extract and mild ingredients. Lotions containing
calamansi may be applied to the face and body in the morning and
in the night.

Twice daily application of these ingredients allows for smoother

skin due to the acidic nature of calamansi, which helps to overturn
dead skin cells. Sometimes, extra sunscreen with UVA. UVB
protection should be used, to counteract the extra sensitivity of the
complexion after exposure to the fruit acids such as calamansi.

The Filipino beauty secret is found in the splendid tropical regions

of the Southeast Asian Islands, calamansi trees grow in abundance,
offering Filipino men and women easy access to this healthful
extract (Hayes,2011).

The calamansi plant in the Philippines is as ubiquitous as the

calamansi plant is common. The calamansi is often used to season
dishes, preserve food, remove stain in clothing , deodorize and
with the skin, and of course, most local commercial products. The
calamansi plant is definitive and preferred in daily cleansing and
certainly not ubiquitous is the calamansi essential oil(Dancing
Allen,2015).

A popular seasonings to many Filipino foods, calamansi is a familiar

sight at Philippines kitchen and homes, and has evolved to a
hundred uses in household. The calamansi can be used as a
bleeching agent on laundry, a skin whitener, deodorize, follicle and
hair growth stimulator and many more. The essential oils come
from the rind of the calamansi which are extracted either by
centrifuge or steam distillation.

The scent of calamansi has been proven to help alleviate s

depression and anxiety. The calamansi is also among the few
aromatic that just masks bad smell, but completely neutralizes
them, Makin the essential oil a great addictive to cleaning
products.(Casa de Lorenzo,2012). Citrus is a common term and
genus of flowering plants in the family, Rutaceae. Citrus fruit are
notable for their fragrance. This juice contains a high quality of
citric acid giving them their characteristic sharp flavor. The genus is
commercially important bad many species are alternative for their
fruit, which is eaten fresh pressed their fruit, or preserved in
marmalades and pickles.

Hand sanitizer have form of alcohol, as an active ingredient. It

works as an antiseptic. Other ingredients may include water,
fragrance and glycerin. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer are clearly a
very useful and important method to prevent most bacterial and
viral infections, with rare ceptions (Doheny,2013). A typical store-
bought bhand sanitizer contains the active ingredients isopropanol
or ethanol, these are both forms of alcohol. These type of alcohol
have the ability to kill many germs on contact, without damaging
the skin tissue. Isopropanol band ethanol kill germs by discovering
their constituent proteins, causing the germs to die.

Hand sanitizer have a number of benefits, such as significant

reduction of bacterial on the hands, increased convenience, quick
acting, can cause less irritation than soap and many improve the
skins condition. Using a hand sanitizer can protect your health and
help prevent the spread of bacterial(Eden's garden,2015).

The invention of hand sanitizer was from Lupe Hernandez of

Bakersfield, California. In 1996, Lupe Hernandez called an induction
hotline off of the TV, and ordered a package for an idea that Lupe
had on how would he create system in hospitals, to where all sinks
would have an gel making the system easier for hospitals staff and
quicker to get patients. This idea came to mind because Lupe was
attending school to become a RN,(Cheap Sea,2014).

RELATED STUDY
According to Gosh,(2011) the main objective of the study entitled
“Study of the Antimicrobial Activity of Lemon Peel Extract” is
extraction, identification of antimicrobial compounds and
demonstration of antimicrobial activity of lemon Peel against
bacteria. As microorganism are becoming resistant to present day
antibiotics, our study focuses on antimicrobial activity and future
prophylactic potential of the lemon Pell. Biogically active
compounds present in the medical plant have always been great
interest to scientists. The Peel of citrus is rich source of flavones
and many polymethoxylated flavones, which is very rare in other
plants.
According to Kedarnath, Dr.Kamble, Chimleod, Pati,(2013), in the
study entitled“Antimicrobial Activity of Aloe Vera Leaf extract” the
Antimicrobial Activity of aloe vera extract was tested against
pathonic bacteria like staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pheunomia
and E.coli and fungi like Aspergillusniger and Candida at a dose of
1:20 mg/ml and 2:40 mg/ml by using cup plate diffusion method.
Various solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform and
methanol bwere used for extract. The results reveal that, methanol
and petroleum ether at a dose of 20 mg/ml has showed significant
activity against klebsiella pheunomia and E.coli where as in fungi,
methanol extract showed significant activity against
Aspergillusniger and Candida.

In a study entitled ”Formulation And Evaluation Of Herbal

Sanitizer” conducted by Nandkishor S. Wani, Ashish K. Bhalerao,
Vikram P. Ranaware, Rahul Zanje,(2013), hand hygiene is a vital
principle and exercise in the quired infections. Right hand
bodywashing and drying methods stop the chain of transmission of
deadly pathogens(from the contaminated surface/site) form hands
to other parts of the body. Hand sanitization is the preeminent aid
in preventing nosocomial infections caused by different
opportunistic microorganisms and to get this, the use of hand parts
of the body.Hand sanitization is the preeminent aid in preventing
nosocomial infections caused by different opportunistic
microorganisms and to get this, the use of hand sanitizer becomes
must in recent circumstances. The purpose of present studywas to
prepare herbal hand sanitizer incorporating the leaves extracts of
Ocimumcanctum Linn (Tulsi)and Eucalyptus globulus (Nilgiri), the
well-known herbal combination with multidimensional activities;
and to evaluate their respective antimicrobial efficacy and safety of
hands. The formulation was evaluated against the specified
microorganism (Bacteria- E. coli, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa,
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and
FungiSacchromycescerevisiae, Candida albicans) by culture
sensitivity test. The significance was found to be more in
comparison to the standard reference.This study specifically aims
to produce an antibacterial hand sanitizer from calamansi pure
extract. calamansi is a type of citrus according to the past studies
which enabled former researchers to produce hand sanitizers from
various citrus fruits, including calamansi. Utilization of the fruits’
rinds were implemented, while the researchers will utilize the
calamansi pure extract.The current study focuses on the calamansi
pure extract's antibacterial properties in order to utilize the pure
extract as an antibacterial hand sanitizer.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
MATERIALS:
1/2 Cuf of aloe vera gel
2 teaspoon of glycerin
1 cup of ethyl alcohol
Zest of a one whole orange
1/2 cup of calamansi extract
5 drops of olive oil

PROCEDURE
The researchers did was, first, scrape the gel inside the aloe vera
leaves. After scraping the gel, the group put it a plastic container
and added 1 cup of ethyl alcohol and 2 teaspoon of glycerin. Next,
grate the orange to get the zest and it to the mixture, then, mix
the1/2 cup of calamansi extract, the calamansi was obtained from
the local market, the fruit were cleansed with distilled water, then,
 mix it till blend. Lastly, the group recycled a small bottle that was
used as a container for the mixture.

DATA ANALYSIS
This chapter includes the data that we got from the experiment
that the researchers conducted. The researchers choose the table
format so that the readers of the study will easily understand
about the data that the researchers interpreted.

Table 1.1 Represent the Sample Set-up 1

The first experiment contains : 1/3 cup of Aloe Vera,1 tbsp of

glycerine,½ cup of alcohol,1 tbsp of coconut oil,½ tbsp. of
calamansi.

Features Aloe Vera and Citrus hand

sanitizer
Color Lime
Fragrance Smell like alcohol
Texture Watery
Viscosity Runny

Physically, it has a light green color and it is not sticky. You can see
the aloe vera particles and some citrus from the calamansi extracts.
 Based on the scent, alcohol is very evident with the hint of
calamansi.

Table 1.2

The second experiment contains 1/3 cup of Aloe Vera add ¼ cup,2
tbsp of coconut oil,½ alcohol, 1 tbsp. of calamansi,1 tbsp of
glycerine

Features Aloe Vera and Citrus hand

sanitizer
Color Light yellow green
Fragrance Smells like coconut oil and alcohol
Texture Sticky
Viscosity Sticky

Physically, it has more foam than the previous sample, and bubbles
are much more evident. There are still aloe vera particles. Based on
the scent, you can smell more of the coconut oil’s scent than
alcohol.

Table 1.3

The third experiment contains1 ½ cup of calamansi,1/3 + ¼ + ¼

cupof Aloe Vera,2 tbsp of glycerine,½ cup of alcohol,2 tbsp of
 coconut oil

Features Aloe Vera and Citrus hand sanitizer

Color Light yellow green

Fragrance Smells like calamansi with a hint of
alcohol
Texture Slimy and soft
Viscosity Sticky and watery

Physically, it has the most foam amongst the three. As you observe its
physical appearance, it looks like a smoothie. Green is very evident.
Aloe vera particles are also visible and its scent are a mix of alcohol
and coconut oil.

Table 1.4

Thefourth experiment contains 1/3 + ¼ + ¼ + ¼ cup of Aloe Vera,1

cup of alcohol,2 tbsp of calamansi,2 tbsp of coconut oil,2 tbsp of
glycerine

Features Aloe Vera and Citrus hand sanitizer

Color Light yellow green
Fragrance Smells like calamansi and alcohol
Texture Watery
Viscosity Runny
 Table 1.5

The fifth experiment contains 1 cup and 1 tbsp of alcohol,3 tbsp of

glycerine,2 tbsp of coconut oil,2 tbsp of calamansi,1/3 + ¼ +¼ + ¼
cup of Aloe Vera

Features Aloe Vera and Calamansi hand

sanitizer
Color Light yellow green
Fragrance Smells like alcohol and coconut
oil
Texture Oily and watery
Viscosity Runny

RESULTS
In general, this experimental research has gone through a lot of
processing. And while the researchers are in the research process,
they came upwith 2 hypotheses; the aloe vera antibacterial hand
sanitizer is cheaper than shop-bought sanitizers and throughout
the process, they have proved that it is cheaper than the other
hand sanitizers by 50%. Usually, hand sanitizers cost P300 above
and it may vary, be it by brand or by quality. The ingredients they
used are more affordable and can be purchased almost
everywhere. The second used are more affordable and can be
purchased almost everywhere. The second hypothesis is calamansi
and aloe vera can be mixed together. The researchers have
successfully made their hand sanitizer by just mixing every
ingredient and there was no misconception along the way.
Basically, all ingredients can be mixed together. In addition, they
have stayed their supposed problems; how cheap will it be
compared to other hand sanitizers— as said earlier, it will probably
be 50% cheaper because of the ingredients used and somehow, the
making process. Does it have side effects? The researchers have
conducted 5 experiments all in different measurements and along
the way, they tested it on their own skin and proudly, the
researchers can say that it has no side effects for they didn't have
even a single rash after applying the antibacterial hand sanitizer on
their skin. Does aloe vera antibacterial hand sanitizer can make
hands dry?You see, aloe vera is used to moisturize your skin, so it
basically does not dry off your skin. It can even treat your acne and
your swollen skin. Arriving at our results and outputs, the
researchers came up that aloe vera and calamansi hand sanitizer is
effective as a substitution for hand sanitizer.
 CONCLUSION
Therefore, after conducting the experimentation, the researchers
further conclude the following conclusions:

Therefore, the researchers conclude that their study has

successfully worked. Prior to their experiment 5, the researchers
said that it was moisturizing and soothing because of the coconut
oil they have used. While the alcohol was also a big help in cleaning
as if it was a store-bought antibacterial hand sanitizer. Also, alcohol
was a big help in providing a pleasant smell. The researchers
learned that the ingredients can be mixed together and make a
nice product out of it, but it didn't just pop-up out of nowhere, the
researchers had to conduct 5 experiments with the same
ingredients, but with different measurements. One being the
untreated variable, and the other experiments having different
measurements. Though the fifth experiment did have a soothing
feeling, it was not the best outcome because the third experiment
is the best. The measures were great and it didn't have the strong
scent, and the oily texture like the others have.It was concluded
that the homemade aloe vera and calamansi hand sanitizer is
healthier for the skin than most store bought products, because of
the natural ingredients used in making the hand sanitizer. The Aloe
Vera hand and calamansi sanitizer used natural ingredients like
Aloe Vera gel and calamansi citrus extract rather than using
artificial ingredients to make the hand sanitizer.

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ANTIMICRO

BIAL_ACTIVITY_OF_ALOE_VERA_LEAF_EXTRACT