Precalculus11 Q2 M2 Trigonometric Identities
Precalculus11 Q2 M2 Trigonometric Identities
Precalculus11 Q2 M2 Trigonometric Identities
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11
Precalculus
Quarter 2 – Module 2
Trigonometric Identities
2 2
cos x+ sin x =1
1
sin x=
csc x
i
Pre-calculus – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Trigonometric Identities
First Edition, 2020
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Members
Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief
Jean S. Macasero, EPS Science
Joel D. Potane, LRMS Manager
Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II
Gemma Pajayon, PDO II
ii
Precalculus
MODULE 2:
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
iii
Table of Contents
Summary 20
Assessment (Post-test) 23
Key to Answers 25
References 27
iv
What This Module is About
We hope that you will find this Learning Module helpful and convenient to use.
We encourage you to carefully study this Module and solve the exercises yourselves
with the guidance of your teacher. Although great effort has been put into this Module
for technical correctness and precision, any mistake found and reported to the Team
is a gain for other students. Thank you for your cooperation.
Module Content
Once you are done with this module, you should be able to:
(STEM_PC11T-IIe-1) determine whether an equation is an identity or a
conditional equation
(STEM_PC11T-IIf-1) apply trigonometric identities to find other trigonometric
values
(STEM_PC11T-IIg-2) solve situational problems involving trigonometric
identities
1
How to Learn From This Module
2
case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
y
sin y−cos ¿
¿
7. To which of the following is ¿2 equal?
¿
¿
¿
3
8. Simplify
x ( sec1 x + csc1 x )=¿
cot ¿
cot x 2cot x
a. sec x csc x c. sec x+ csc x
α2
2
a. sin 2 α b. (¿−β ) c. 2 sin α sin β d. 2 sin α cos β
sin ¿
cos 2 x
11. Which of the following is NOT equal to ?
cos x
4 3π 2 x =¿
12. If cos x= 5 and 2
≤ x≤2π , then tan ¿ ______.
−24 −7 −24
a. 25 b. 24 c. 7 d.
7
25
1−cos θ √ 3
13. If = , then θ=¿ ___.
sin θ 3
a. 15 ° b. 30 ° c. 45 °
d. 60 °
4
θ
=¿
2
14. θ
tan + cot ¿
2
1
a. cot θ b. −2 cscθ c. 2 cotθ d. 2 cscθ
2
21 π
4
19. For all positive angles less than 360 ° , if csc ( 2 x +30 ° )=cos ( 3 y −15 ° ) , the
sum of x and y is
a. 5 ° b. 30 ° c. 95 ° d.
185 °
20. Given that cos 35 °=α , express sin 2015 ° in terms of α . Please see
figure at the right.
a.
√1−α 2
1+ α 2
2
b. 1−α
c. 1+α 2
2
d. −√ 1−α
5
LESSO Fundamental
N1 Trigonometric Identities
What’s In
In previous lessons, we have defined trigonometric functions using the unit
circle and also investigated the graphs of the six trigonometric functions. This lesson
builds on the understanding of the different trigonometric functions by discovery,
deriving, and working with trigonometric identities.
Let us recall the domain topic considering the following expressions:
1. 2 x +1
2. √ x2−1
6
In the second expression, not every real value of x makes the expression
defined in ℝ. For example, when x=0, the expression becomes √−1 , which is not
a real number.
What’s New
2
1.) x −1=0
2 2
2.) (x+ 7) =x + 49
2
3.) x −1=(x+1)(x−1)
2 2
4.) (x+ 7) =x +14 x + 49
x 2−4
5.) =2 x−1
x−2
2
x −4
6.) x−2
=x +2
What is It
Let us take a look at the different examples presented following the order of
the topics.
7
Example:
2 2
1. x + y =1 (Pythagorean Theorem)
x
3. =1 true for all x, x ≠ 0
x
Example:
1. x + 5= 11 true if x=6
2. 3x = 15 true if x=5
Reciprocal Identities
1 1
sin θ= csc θ=
csc θ sin θ
8
1 1
cos θ= sec θ=
sec θ cos θ
1 1
tan θ= cot θ=
cotθ tanθ
Quotient Identities
sinθ cos θ
tan θ= cot θ=
cos θ sin θ
Pythagorean Identities
2 2 2 2 2
sin θ+cos θ=1 tan θ+1=sec θ 1+cot θ=csc θ
Even-Odd Identities
sin (−x )=−sin x cos (−x )=cos x tan (−x )=−tan x
Solution:
sin θ
cos θ
tan θ cosθ cos θ by quotient identity
= =1
sin θ sin θ
cosθ
2.) cotθ
Solution:
cosθ cosθ
= =sin θ
cotθ cosθ by quotient identity
sin θ
2 2 2
3. cos θ+cos θ tan θ
Solution:
9
¿ cos2 θ sec 2 θ by Pythagorean Theorem
1
¿ cos2 θ 2 by reciprocal identity
cos θ
¿1
2
1+ tan θ
4. 1+ cot 2 θ
Solution:
1+ tan 2 θ sec 2 θ
= by Pythagorean Theorem
1+ cot2 θ csc 2 θ
1
2 2
cos θ sin θ
1
= 2 by reciprocal identities
cos θ
2
sin θ
2
¿ tan θ by quotient identity
2
¿
√( 1− ( ))−3
4
7
¿√
4
5
6. If sec θ= and tan θ< 0 , use the identities to find the values of the remaining
2
trigonometric functions of θ.
10
Solution: Note that θ lies in QIV.
1 1 2
cos θ= = =
sec θ 5 5
2
1 1 − 21
= √
sin θ=−√1−cos2 θ=− 1−
√ 2
sec θ
=− 1−
√ ()
5
2
2
5
1 −−5 √ 21
csc θ= =
sin θ 21
−√ 21
sin θ 5 − 21
tan θ= = = √
cos θ 2 2
5
1 1 −2 √ 21
cot θ= = =
tanθ −√ 21 21
2
11
Examples:
1. Find the exact values of each expression.
π
a. cos 75 ° b. cos 12 c. sin 105° d. cos 15 ° e. tan 75 °
Solutions:
a. Notice that 75 °=45 ° +30 ° . Since we know the exact value of sine and cosine at
45 °∧30 ° , we use the Addition Formula for Cosine to get
cos 75 °=cos ( 45 °+30° )
¿ cos 45° cos 30 °−sin 45° sin 30 °
√ 2 ∗√ 3 √ 2 ∗1
2 2
¿ −
2 2
2∗√ 3−√ 2
¿√
4
12
6−√ 2
¿√
4
π π π
b. Since = −
12 4 6 , the Subtraction Formula for Cosine to get
π π π
cos
12
=cos −
4 6 ( )
π π π π
¿ cos ∗cos +sin ∗sin
4 6 4 6
√ 2 ∗√ 3 √2 ∗1
2 2
¿ +
2 2
2∗√ 3+ √ 2
¿√
4
6+ √ 2
¿√
4
c. Since 105 ° is the sum of 60 ° and 45 ° which are two of the special
angles, we can apply the sum identity for the sin 105 ° .
sin 105° =sin(60 °+ 45° )
¿ sin 60 ° cos 45 °+ cos 60 °sin 45°
¿
√6+ √2
4
13
2+ √ 6
¿√
4
3
( 1+ √ )
3
¿
(1−(1)( √33 ))
(¿ 3+3√ 3 )
( 3−3√ 3 )
3+ √ 3
¿
3−√ 3
3+ √ 3 3+ √3
¿ ∙
3−√ 3 3+ √3
9+6 √ 3+3
¿
9−3
¿ 2+ √ 3
Solution:
Let α =50 ° and β=130 ° .
tan α +tan β
Applying the formula tan ( α + β )=
1−tan α tan β , we get
¿ tan 180 °
14
¿0
tan 50° + tan 130°
Thus, =0
1−tan 50 ° tan 130°
¿ sin 30°
1
¿
2
1
Thus, sin 110 ° cos 80 °−cos 110 ° sin 80 °=
2 .
15
The other double-identity for cosine has other forms. We use Pythagorean
identity 2 2
sin θ+cos θ=1
16
Examples:
3 π
1. Given sin t= and <t< π , find sin 2t and cos 2 t .
5 2
Solution: We first find c os t using the Pythagorean identity. Since t lies in QII, we
have
3 2 −4
cos t=− √1−sin 2 t=− 1−
√ ()5
=
5
.
2
sin 2t=2 sin t cos t cos 2 t =1−2 sin t
2
3 −4 3
¿2 ( )( )
5 5
¿ 1−2 ()
5
24 7
¿− ¿
25 25
Solutions:
2
a. Let us find first sin A and cos A in terms of x. Since sec A=± √1+ tan A , then,
1 x
cos A=± 2 . Also, sin A=± =tan A cos A
√ 1+ x √1+ x 2
Therefore,
17
1
±
√1+ x 2
¿
1 2x
A=2(¿¿)
( =
)
√1+ x 1+ x 2
2
A cos ¿
2 A=2 sin ¿
sin ¿
2 2
2 2 1 x 1−x
b. cos 2 A=cos A−sin A= 2
− 2
= 2
1+ x 1+ x 1+ x
2 tan A 2x
c. tan 2 A= 2
= 2
1−tan A 1−x
π π
3. Find the value of sin and cos 12 .
12
Solution:
A 1−cos A
a. Use the half-angle identity for sine, that is, sin
2
=
√ 2
, substituting the
π 3
1− √
given:
sin
π
12
1 π
=sin ∙ =
2 6 √ 1−cos
2
6
=
√ 2
2
=
2−√3
2√
π 3
1+ √
b.
π
12
1 π
=¿ c 0 s ∙ =
2 6 √ √ 1+cos
2
cos ¿
6
=
2
2
=
2+ √ 3
√
2
1 2
a. Show that R= v sin 2 θ .
32 0
18
a. Use the double angle formula to rewrite the given:
1 2 2 sin θ cos θ 1 2
θ cos θ=¿ v = v 0 sin 2θ .
16 0 2 32
1 2
R= v 0 sin ¿
16
b. Since the largest value for sine function is 1, occuring when θ=90 ° , then for
maximum R, we must have 2 θ=90 ° , or θ=45 ° .
2. You are kicking a football from gorund level with an initial speed of 80 feet per
second. Can you make the ball travel 200 feet?
Solution:
1 2
x= v sin 2θ
32
1
200= (80)2 sin 2 θ
32
1=sin 2 θ
90 °=2 θ
45 °=θ
Therefore, you can make the football travel 200 feet if you kick it at an ange of 45
° .
What’s More
Activity 2.1: Let Me try!
Let us find out if you really understand the discussed concept by answering these
exercises.
19
5
1. Given sin β= in QII, and (6, -8) is on the terminal side of α, find the exact
13
value of sin ( α + β ) .
5
2. Given sin β= in QII, find the exact value of the following:
13
v 02
distance (range) the ball can travel is given by R= sin2 θ , where r is the range
g
(in feet), is the initial speed (in ft/s), is the angle of elevation the ball is
v0 θ
2
thrown, and g=32 ft/s is the acceleration due to gravity.
a. Express the new range in terms of the original range when an angle θ (0<
θ< 45° ¿ is doubled.
20
Let me check your knowledge by filling the blanks with a correct
symbols/ letter or terms in order to complete the statement/s.
1. An equation is called an identity if it is valid for _________ values of the variable.
The equation 2 x =x+ x is an algebraic identity, and the equation
¿
¿
¿ is a trigonometric identity.
sin2 x+cos 2 x =¿ ¿
2. For any x it is true that cos (-x) has the same value as cos x. We express this fact
as the identity ___________.
3. If we know the values of the sine and cosine of A and B, we can find the value of
sin (A + B) by using the _____________ Formula for sine. State the formula:
sin (A + B)= ___________.
4. If we know the values of the sine and cosine A and B, we can find the value of cos
(A-B) by using the ____________ Formula for Cosine. State the formula:
Cos (A-B) = _____________.
5. If we know the values of sin x and cos x, we can find the value of sin 2x by using
the _______________ Formula for Sine. State the formula: sin 2x = ____________.
x
6. If we know the value of cos x and the quadrant in which 2 lies, we can find the
x
value of sin( 2 ¿ by using the _____________ Formula for Sine. State the formula:
¿
¿
¿
sin( x
¿= ¿
2 ¿
What I Can Do
21
1 2
1. Use the formula x= v sin 2θ to explain why the projection angle that
32
maximizes the distance a projectile traves is when Please refer
θ=45 ° h0=0.
to the problem and figure.
Online connect! For additional knowledge and information about the topics please
visit the links/url indicated below.
www.mcdougallittell.com
www.stewartmath.com
22
Summary
An identity is an equation that is true for all valid replacements of the variable.
Reciprocal Identities
1 1
sin θ= csc θ=
csc θ sin θ
1 1
cos θ= sec θ=
sec θ cos θ
1 1
tan θ= cot θ=
cotθ tanθ
Quotient Identities
sinθ cos θ
tan θ= cot θ=
cos θ sin θ
Pythagorean Identities
2 2 2 2 2
sin θ+cos θ=1 tan θ+1=sec θ 1+cot θ=csc θ
Even-Odd Identities
23
sin (−x )=−sin x cos (−x )=cos x tan (−x )=−tan x
24
25
Assessment (Posttest)
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
26
y
sin y−cos ¿
¿
7. To which of the following is ¿2 equal?
¿
¿
¿
8. Simplify
x ( sec1 x + csc1 x )=¿
cot ¿
cot x 2cot x
c. sec x csc x c. sec x+ csc x
4 3π 2 x =¿
12. If cos x= 5 and 2
≤ x≤2π , then tan ¿ ______.
−24 −7 −24
b. 25 b. 24 c. 7 d.
7
25
27
1−cos θ √ 3
13. If = , then θ=¿ ___.
sin θ 3
b. 15 ° b. 30 ° c. 45 °
d. 60 °
θ
=¿
2
14. θ
tan + cot ¿
2
1
b. cot θ b. −2 cscθ c. 2 cotθ d. 2 cscθ
2
21 π
4
19. For all positive angles less than 360 ° , if csc ( 2 x +30 ° )=cos ( 3 y −15 ° ) , the
sum of x and y is
a. 5 ° b. 30 ° c. 95 ° d.
185 °
20. Given that cos 35 °=α , express sin 2015 ° in terms of α . Please see
figure at the right.
e.
√1−α2
1+ α 2
f. 1−α 2
2 28
g. 1+α
h. −√ 1−α 2
Key Answers
Pretest
1. D 11. D
2. A 12. D
3. A 13. D
4. C 14. D
5. D 15. B
6. B 16. C
7. B 17. C
8. D 18. C
9. B 19. D
10. C 20.D
LESSON 1
What’s In
(Activity 1.1)
1. Conditional
2. Conditional
3. Identity
4. Identity
5. Conditional
6. Identity
What’s More
(Activity 2.1)
1. 63/65
29
−1201 119 −120
2. a. 169 b. 169 c. 119
3. a. sin θ+cos θ b. csc θ c. 2 sinθ
4. a.
√2+ √ 3 b.
√2−√3 c.
√2−√2
2 2 4
2 R √ v 04 −g2 R 2
5. a. b. 24
v 02
1. all, 1
2. even-odd
A 1−cos A
6. Half-Angle, sin 2 =
±
√ 2
What I Can Do
Posttest
1. D 11. D
2. A 12. D
3. A 13. D
4. C 14. D
5. D 15. B
6. B 16. C
7. B 17. C
8. D 18. C
9. B 19. D
10. C 20.D
30
References
Camilon, M.G.,et.al. 2017. Precalculus for Senior High School. Quezon City:
Educational Resources Publication.
Fajardo, Ira A., Marquez, Romel L., Ringor, Rebecca S., and Gerardo, Elsa F., PhD.
Analytic Geometry (Worktext) 2003 edition
Sirug, W. S.,. 2016. Pre-Calculus forSenior High School STEM Specialized Subject.
Manila City: Mindshapers Corporation., Inc.
31
(n.d.). Retrieve September 28, 2020, from https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=bNoJC7R2c0l
32
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