Pre-Calculus: Quarter 2 - Module 5
Pre-Calculus: Quarter 2 - Module 5
Pre-Calculus: Quarter 2 - Module 5
Pre-Calculus
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Application of Circular Functions in a
Simple Harmonic Motion
Pre - Calculus – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Application of Circular Functions in a Simple Harmonic Motion
First Edition, 2020
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over them.
This module was designed and written for the learners. After going
through this module, the learner is expected to solve situational problems
involving circular functions (STEM_PC11T-IId-2).
What I Know
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read and analyze the following items and determine the
letter of the correct answer from the given choices. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1
1. A point P in simple harmonic motion has a frequency of oscillation per
2
minute and amplitude of 4 feet. Express the motion of P by means of an
equation in the form 𝑑 = 𝑎 sin 𝑏𝑡.
1
A. 𝑑 = 4 sin(𝑡) C. 𝑑 = 4 sin (2 𝑡)
𝜋
B. 𝑑 = 4 sin(𝜋𝑡) D. 𝑑 = 4 sin ( 2 𝑡)
For items 2 and 3, refer to the given situation below and do the tasks
that follow.
2. Write an equation in form of 𝑓(𝑡) = a sin 𝑏(𝑡 − 𝑐) defining 𝑓(𝑡), where 𝑓(𝑡)
centimeters is the directed distance of the weight from the equilibrium
position 𝑡 seconds after the start of the motion.
1
A. 𝑓(𝑡) = 3 sin 𝜋 (𝑡 − 2) C. 𝑓(𝑡) = 3 sin 𝜋𝑡
1
B. 𝑓(𝑡) = 3 sin 2𝜋 (𝑡 − 2) D. 𝑓(𝑡) = 3 sin 2𝜋𝑡
1
3. Find the position of the weight at time 𝑡 = 1.
A. 4 cm C. 3 cm
B. 2 cm D. 1 cm
For items 4 and 5, refer to the given situation below and answer the
questions that follow.
2
Lesson
Application of Circular Functions
1 in a Simple Harmonic Motion
What’s In
8 cm
7 cm
6cm
5cm
4cm
3cm
2cm
1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s
3
What we know:
a. The amplitude is the highest point of the t curve and the absolute
value of the lowest point, often represented by the letter 𝑎. So, the
amplitude is:
8−2
𝑎= =3
2
b. The period is the time it takes for a complete cycle through all
values, from the beginning through the highest point to the baseline
down to the lowest point, then back to baseline again. So, the period
based on the graph is 2 seconds.
c. A curve can be shifted horizontally by moving it left or right, called
the phase shift. Based on the graph, it has no phase shift.
d. The midline 𝑦 = 𝑑 is the midline between the maximum and
minimum points. Based on the graph the midline is 𝑦 = 5, so 𝑑 = 5.
What’s New
4
What is It
5
Now let us answer the question presented above applying the Equations
of Simple Harmonic Motion.
Example 1: A weight is suspended from a spring and is vibrating vertically.
Initially, the weight is 5 cm below its equilibrium. After 8 seconds
of releasing, the weight reaches its highest location for the first
time. The weight continuously vibrates following a simple
harmonic motion. Find its equation.
Solution:
1. Notice that the weight is located at its lowest position at 𝑡 = 0;
So, when 𝑡 = 0 , 𝑦 = −5.
2. From 𝑦 = 𝑎 sin 𝑏𝑡 and 𝑦 = 𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑡, we will choose which will satisfy the
condition “when 𝑡 = 0 , 𝑦 = −5”. We assume 𝑎 = −5, and 𝑡 = 0.
𝑦 = −5 sin 𝑏𝑡 𝑦 = −5 cos 𝑏𝑡
𝑦 = −5 sin 𝑏(0) 𝑦 = −5 cos 𝑏(0)
𝑦 = −5 sin(0) 𝑦 = −5 cos(0)
𝑦 = −5 (0) 𝑦 = −5 (1)
𝑦=0 𝑦 = −5
So, we will choose the cosine function. Therefore, the initial
equation is 𝑦 = −5 cos 𝑏𝑡.
3. Next is to solve for 𝑏. Since it took the weight 8 seconds from the
lowest point to its immediate highest point, half the period is 8
seconds. That is:
1 1 2π
Period = 8 → (𝑏)=8
2 2
1 2π
(𝑏) =8
2
π
=8
𝑏
π
𝑏=
8
Substitute the value of b from 𝑦 = −5 cos 𝑏𝑡. Hence, the equation
πt
is 𝑦 = −5 cos .
8
Example 2: The distance from the ground, in feet, of a certain passenger on
a Ferris wheel is given by
𝜋 𝜋
𝑓 (𝑡) = 50 sin { 𝑡 − } + 55
15 2
Where 𝑡 is the time in seconds and 𝑡 = 0 coincides with the
time at which the wheel was set in motion.
(a) Find the initial distance of the passenger from the
ground.
6
(b) Find the maximum distance of the passenger from
the bottom of the Ferris wheel.
(c) How long does it take for the wheel to make one
complete revolution?
Solution:
(a) The initial distance of the passenger from the ground can be obtained
by substituting 𝑡 = 0. So,
𝜋 𝜋
𝑓 (𝑡) = 50 sin {15 𝑡 − 2 } + 55
𝜋 𝜋
𝑓 (0) = 50 sin {15 (0) − 2 } + 55
𝜋
= 50 sin (− 2 ) + 55
= 50(−1) + 55
= −50 + 55
𝑓(0) = 5
Thus, the initial distance of the passenger from the ground is 5
feet.
(b). The maximum distance of the passenger from the ground can be
obtained if the sine function attains its maximum, that is
𝜋 𝜋
sin (15 𝑡 − 2 ) = 1. So,
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
50 sin {15 𝑡 − 2 } + 55 , When sin (15 𝑡 − 2 ) = 1
50 (1) +55
105
Thus, the maximum distance of the passenger from the ground
is 105 ft.
𝜋 𝜋
(c). The period of the function 𝑓 (𝑡) = 50 sin {15 𝑡 − 2 } + 55 gives us the
idea of 1 complete revolution. Recall that sine function is periodic
2𝜋
at 2𝜋. Since the period 𝑇 = , then
𝑏
2𝜋
𝑇= 𝜋
15
15
𝑇 = (2𝜋) ( 𝜋 )
𝑇 = 30.
Thus, the passenger can complete a revolution in 30 seconds.
7
Example 3: On April 4, the temperature in Celsius, in Cabanatuan was
observed and noticed that it follows the equation 𝑓 (𝑡) = 32 +
𝜋
6 sin 12 (𝑡 + 4) at 𝑡 hours after 12 noon.
12
𝑇 = (2𝜋) ( 𝜋 )
𝑇 = 24
This means that 1 cycle repeats 24 hours.
𝜋
When sin 12 (𝑡 + 4) = 1, then
𝜋
33 + 6 sin 12 (𝑡 + 4)
33 + 6(1)
33 + 6
39
8
and
𝜋
When sin 12 (𝑡 + 4) = −1, then
𝜋
33 + 6 sin 12 (𝑡 + 4)
33 + 6(−1)
33 − 6
27
Hence, the maximum temperature is 390C and the minimum
temperature is 270C.
(d) Since the maximum and minimum temperatures are 390C and 270C
respectively, the hottest and coldest temperatures occur at:
𝜋 𝜋
𝑓 (𝑡) = 33 + 6 sin 12 (𝑡 + 4) and 𝑓 (𝑡) = 33 + 6 sin 12 (𝑡 + 4)
𝜋 𝜋
39 = 33 + 6 sin 12 (𝑡 + 4) 27 = 33 + 6 sin 12 (𝑡 + 4)
𝜋 𝜋
6 = 6 sin (𝑡 + 4) −6 = 6 sin (𝑡 + 4)
12 12
𝜋 𝜋
1 = sin 12 (𝑡 + 4) −1 = sin 12 (𝑡 + 4)
𝜋 3𝜋
sin 𝜃 = 1 if 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 = −1 if 𝜃 =
2 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
In sin 12 (𝑡 + 4) , 𝜃 = 12 (𝑡 + 4) In sin 12 (𝑡 + 4) , 𝜃 = 12 (𝑡 + 4)
by substitution by substitution
𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
= 12 (𝑡 + 4) = 12 (𝑡 + 4)
2 2
12𝜋 36𝜋
=𝑡+4 =𝑡+4
2𝜋 2𝜋
6= 𝑡+4 18 = 𝑡 + 4
𝑡=2 𝑡 = 14 (convert into
standard time format)
9
What’s More
Enrichment Activity 1:
Read and analyze each situation. Using the given equation, perform the
indicated tasks that follow. Write the answer on another sheet of paper.
Enrichment Activity 2:
Read and analyze the situation below then answer the questions that
follow. Write a clear and complete solution on a separate sheet of paper.
What I Can Do
A recent study on the wave patterns in Baler, Aurora took place. High
tide is at 6:00 am with a height of 13 ft. The low tide was recorded at 3 ft at
6:00 PM. The wave pattern for the day followed a sinusoidal pattern with a
period of 24 hours, starting midnight.
11
Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read and analyze the following items and determine the
letter of the correct answer from the given choices. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
2
1. A point P in simple harmonic motion has a frequency of oscillation per
5
minute and amplitude of 6 cm. Express the motion of P by means of an
equation in the form 𝑑 = 𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑡.
4𝜋
A. 𝑑 = 6 cos ( 5 𝑡) C. 𝑑 = 6 cos(5𝜋𝑡)
𝜋 5𝜋
B. 𝑑 = 6 cos ( 𝑡) D. 𝑑 = 6 cos ( 𝑡)
5 2
For items 2 and 3, refer to the given situation below and perform the
tasks that follow.
A signal buoy in Manila Bay bobs up and down with the height ℎ of its
transmitter (in feet) above sea level modeled by ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑡 + 𝑑 at time 𝑡
(in seconds). During a small squall, its height varies from 1 ft to 11 ft above
sea level, and it takes 2 seconds from one 11-ft height to the next.
12
For items 4 and 5, refer to the given situation below and answer the
questions that follow.
13
14
What's More
What I Know Assessment
1. B Enrichment 1 1. A
2. A 1 2. D
1. (a) 40, , 75
3. C 75 3. D
4. C (b) 40 V, - 40 V 4. C
5. D 2. (a) 6, ½ , 2 5. B
(b) 13 cm , 1 cm
Enrichment 2
a. 80 sec
96−45√3
b. ≈ 9.03 ft.
2
c. 93 ft.
d. 96+45√3 ≈ 86.97 ft.
2
Answer Key
References
Books:
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