315 D Caterpillar
315 D Caterpillar
315 D Caterpillar
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produtos: EXCAVATOR
Modelo: 315D L EXCAVATOR CJN01057
Configuração: 315D L Excavator CJN00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C4.2 Engine
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Electrical System
SMCS - 1400; 1550; 1900
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Illustration 1 g01432420
Electrical circuit
(2) Indicator
(3) Relay
(4) Relay
(5) Alternator
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(9) Battery
The electrical system has three separate circuits: charging circuit, starting circuit and low amperage
circuit. Some of the components of the electrical system are used in more than one circuit. The
following items are common in each of the circuits: battery, circuit breaker, ammeter (not shown),
cables and wires from the battery.
The charging circuit is in operation when the engine is running. Alternator (5) makes electricity for
the charging circuit. A voltage regulator in the circuit controls the electrical output in order to keep
the battery at full charge.
The starting circuit is in operation only when the start switch is activated.
The low amperage circuit is connected through the ammeter and the charging circuit is connected
through the ammeter.
Grounding Practices
Proper grounding for the vehicle system is necessary for proper vehicle performance and reliability.
Proper grounding for the electrical system is necessary for proper machine performance and
reliability. Improper grounding will result in uncontrolled electrical circuit paths and improper
grounding will result in unreliable electrical circuit paths. Damage to main bearing and damage to the
crankshaft bearing journal surfaces can occur. Uncontrolled electrical circuit paths can also cause
electrical noise which may degrade machine performance.
Use an engine-to-frame ground strap. The engine-to-frame ground strap must have a direct path to the
battery. The direct path will ensure proper functioning of the machine electrical system. The direct
path will also ensure proper functioning of the engine electrical system. Use a frame to starting motor
ground or use a frame to engine ground.
Ground wires should be combined at ground studs. The ground studs should be dedicated for ground
use only. The engine alternator must be grounded to the negative terminal of the battery. The size of
ground wire must be adequate to handle a full current for charging the alternator.
NOTICE
Use only the same voltage (24 volts) for jump starting.
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Illustration 2 g01383972
(11) Bearing
(13) Bearing
(17) Fan
NOTICE
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The alternator is driven by a belt from the pulley of the crankshaft. The alternator is three-phase and
the alternator is a self-rectifying charging unit. The voltage regulator is part of the alternator.
The alternator does not need slip rings and the alternator does not need brushes. The rotator assembly
is the only part in the alternator that moves. The conductors that carry current are stationary. The
following items are conductors: wiring, stator windings, six rectifying diodes and components of the
regulator circuit.
The rotor assembly has many magnetic poles. An air space is between the opposite poles. The poles
have residual magnetism that produces a small magnetic field between the poles. Residual magnetism
is similar to permanent magnets. As the rotor assembly begins to turn between the field winding and
the stator windings, a small amount of alternating current (AC) is produced in the stator windings.
The small amount of current is produced from the small magnetic lines of force. The small magnetic
lines of force are made by the residual magnetism of the poles. The alternating current passes through
the diodes of the rectifier bridge and the alternating current is then converted into direct current (DC).
The current primarily charges the battery and the current primarily supplies the low amperage circuit.
The remainder of the current is sent to the field windings (wires around an iron core). This increases
the strength of the magnetic lines of force. The amount of alternating current that is produced in the
stator windings increases. The increased speed of the rotor assembly increases the current output of
the alternator. The increased speed of the rotor assembly also increases the voltage output of the
alternator.
The voltage regulator is an electronic switch. The voltage regulator consists of a transistor and
stationary parts. The voltage regulator turns on and the voltage regulator turns off in order to control
the field current (DC current to the field windings) for the alternator.
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Illustration 3 g01383978
(18) Solenoid
(19) Pinion
The starting motor has gear reduction. The starting motor is provided with a one-way roller clutch.
Major components of the starting motor include the following items: motor, overrunning clutch (21)
and solenoid (18) . The motor generates power. The overrunning clutch transmits torque of the
armature. The overrunning clutch also limits the engine rpm after start-up. Solenoid (18) engages
pinion (19) with the flywheel ring gear. Reduction gear (20) reduces the speeds of the armature and
the reduction gear transmits torque to the pinion.
Reduction Gear
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Illustration 4 g01383983
(23) Pinion
The end of armature shaft (22) has a gear. The gear engages with an internal gear. The reduction gear
reduces high motor speed. The reduction gear also transmits higher cranking torque to the pinion
shaft.
Overrunning Clutch
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Illustration 5 g01383987
(27) Spring
(28) Roller
The overrunning clutch has rollers. Outer race (25) and inner race (26) form a groove. The shape of
the groove is a wedge. Each roller (28) is located in the groove. Each roller is pressed by a spring
(27vO) . The roller is pressed against the narrower side of the groove by the spring. The rotation of
the outer race is transmitted to the pinion. No torque is transmitted from the pinion as the roller moves
to the wider side. The action from the wedge is released.
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Illustration 6 g01383992
(31) Plunger
(34) Pinion
(35) Battery
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Current flows from the "SW" terminal of the starting motor relay to the "L" terminal when the starter
switch of the starting motor is in the ON position. The "P2" contact closes. Current from the battery
flows from the "S" terminal of the magnetic switch to the pull in coil "P". Current from the battery
also flows from the "S" terminal of the magnetic switch to the hold in coil "H". The current decreases.
The current flows from the "M" terminal to the motor.
Plunger (31) is energized by the magnetic flux of the pull in the field coil and the hold in the field
coil. The plunger closes the "P1" terminal. The plunger also pushes out the pinion (34) . The pinion
turns slowly on weak current.
Illustration 7 g01384000
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(31) Plunger
(34) Pinion
(35) Battery
The "P1" contact closes and the current of the battery flows directly to the starting motor when the
pinion completely meshes with the ring gear. The starting motor turns the pinion. No current flows to
the pull in coil "P". The plunger is retained by the hold in coil "H".
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Illustration 8 g01384005
(31) Plunger
(34) Pinion
(35) Battery
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The "P2" contact opens when starter switch (29) for the starting motor is set to the OFF position. The
starter switch for the starting motor is opened. The "P1" terminal is in the closed position. The battery
current flows from the "B" terminal to the pull in coil "P" and the hold in coil "H"when the starting
motor is opened.
The magnetic fluxes cancel each other since the direction of current flow is reversed. The spring
returns to the original position. Contact point "P1" opens. The current to the starting motor is cut off.
Direitos Autorais 1993 - 2013 Caterpillar Inc. Tue Oct 29 09:48:04 UTC-0200 2013
Todos os Direitos Reservados.
Rede Particular Para Licenciados SIS.
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