The document discusses the electrical, charging, and starting systems of a 315D L excavator powered by a C4.2 engine. It describes the components and operation of the alternator, starting motor, and their circuits. The alternator charges the battery and powers low amperage circuits via its rotating magnetic field and rectifier bridge. The starting motor engages via a solenoid and uses gears to reduce its speed and increase torque to turn over the engine via its pinion and ring gear when the start switch is activated. Proper grounding of components is emphasized for reliable performance.
The document discusses the electrical, charging, and starting systems of a 315D L excavator powered by a C4.2 engine. It describes the components and operation of the alternator, starting motor, and their circuits. The alternator charges the battery and powers low amperage circuits via its rotating magnetic field and rectifier bridge. The starting motor engages via a solenoid and uses gears to reduce its speed and increase torque to turn over the engine via its pinion and ring gear when the start switch is activated. Proper grounding of components is emphasized for reliable performance.
The document discusses the electrical, charging, and starting systems of a 315D L excavator powered by a C4.2 engine. It describes the components and operation of the alternator, starting motor, and their circuits. The alternator charges the battery and powers low amperage circuits via its rotating magnetic field and rectifier bridge. The starting motor engages via a solenoid and uses gears to reduce its speed and increase torque to turn over the engine via its pinion and ring gear when the start switch is activated. Proper grounding of components is emphasized for reliable performance.
The document discusses the electrical, charging, and starting systems of a 315D L excavator powered by a C4.2 engine. It describes the components and operation of the alternator, starting motor, and their circuits. The alternator charges the battery and powers low amperage circuits via its rotating magnetic field and rectifier bridge. The starting motor engages via a solenoid and uses gears to reduce its speed and increase torque to turn over the engine via its pinion and ring gear when the start switch is activated. Proper grounding of components is emphasized for reliable performance.
315D L Excavator CJN00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C4.2 Engine(SEBP48...
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produtos: EXCAVATOR Modelo: 315D L EXCAVATOR CJN01057 Configuração: 315D L Excavator CJN00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C4.2 Engine
Operação dos Sistemas
C4.2 and C6.4 Engines for Caterpillar Built Machines Número de Mídia -KENR6741-20 Data de Publicação -01/03/2012 Data de Atualização -21/03/2012
i02877985
Electrical System SMCS - 1400; 1550; 1900
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Illustration 1 g01432420
Electrical circuit
(1) Air inlet heater
(2) Indicator
(3) Relay
(4) Relay
(5) Alternator
(6) Pilot light for battery charge
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(7) Switch for starting motor
(8) Starting motor
(9) Battery
(A) 1 gauge wire
(B) 6 gauge wire
(C) 18 gauge wire
The electrical system has three separate circuits: charging circuit, starting circuit and low amperage circuit. Some of the components of the electrical system are used in more than one circuit. The following items are common in each of the circuits: battery, circuit breaker, ammeter (not shown), cables and wires from the battery.
The charging circuit is in operation when the engine is running. Alternator (5) makes electricity for the charging circuit. A voltage regulator in the circuit controls the electrical output in order to keep the battery at full charge.
The starting circuit is in operation only when the start switch is activated.
The low amperage circuit is connected through the ammeter and the charging circuit is connected through the ammeter.
Grounding Practices Proper grounding for the vehicle system is necessary for proper vehicle performance and reliability. Proper grounding for the electrical system is necessary for proper machine performance and reliability. Improper grounding will result in uncontrolled electrical circuit paths and improper grounding will result in unreliable electrical circuit paths. Damage to main bearing and damage to the crankshaft bearing journal surfaces can occur. Uncontrolled electrical circuit paths can also cause electrical noise which may degrade machine performance.
Use an engine-to-frame ground strap. The engine-to-frame ground strap must have a direct path to the battery. The direct path will ensure proper functioning of the machine electrical system. The direct path will also ensure proper functioning of the engine electrical system. Use a frame to starting motor ground or use a frame to engine ground.
Ground wires should be combined at ground studs. The ground studs should be dedicated for ground use only. The engine alternator must be grounded to the negative terminal of the battery. The size of ground wire must be adequate to handle a full current for charging the alternator.
NOTICE
This engine has a 24 Volt starting system.
Use only the same voltage (24 volts) for jump starting.
Use of a welder or higher voltage will damage the electrical system.
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Charging System Components
Alternator
Illustration 2 g01383972
Typical alternator components
(10) Voltage regulator
(11) Bearing
(12) Stator winding
(13) Bearing
(14) Rectifier bridge
(15) Field winding
(16) Rotor assembly
(17) Fan
NOTICE
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The alternator should never be operated without the battery in the
circuit. The making or the breaking of an alternator connection with a heavy load on the circuit can cause damage to the regulator.
The alternator is driven by a belt from the pulley of the crankshaft. The alternator is three-phase and the alternator is a self-rectifying charging unit. The voltage regulator is part of the alternator.
The alternator does not need slip rings and the alternator does not need brushes. The rotator assembly is the only part in the alternator that moves. The conductors that carry current are stationary. The following items are conductors: wiring, stator windings, six rectifying diodes and components of the regulator circuit.
The rotor assembly has many magnetic poles. An air space is between the opposite poles. The poles have residual magnetism that produces a small magnetic field between the poles. Residual magnetism is similar to permanent magnets. As the rotor assembly begins to turn between the field winding and the stator windings, a small amount of alternating current (AC) is produced in the stator windings. The small amount of current is produced from the small magnetic lines of force. The small magnetic lines of force are made by the residual magnetism of the poles. The alternating current passes through the diodes of the rectifier bridge and the alternating current is then converted into direct current (DC).
The current primarily charges the battery and the current primarily supplies the low amperage circuit. The remainder of the current is sent to the field windings (wires around an iron core). This increases the strength of the magnetic lines of force. The amount of alternating current that is produced in the stator windings increases. The increased speed of the rotor assembly increases the current output of the alternator. The increased speed of the rotor assembly also increases the voltage output of the alternator.
The voltage regulator is an electronic switch. The voltage regulator consists of a transistor and stationary parts. The voltage regulator turns on and the voltage regulator turns off in order to control the field current (DC current to the field windings) for the alternator.
Starting System Components
Electric Starting Motor
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Illustration 3 g01383978
Components of the starting motor
(18) Solenoid
(19) Pinion
(20) Reduction gear
(21) Overrunning clutch
The starting motor has gear reduction. The starting motor is provided with a one-way roller clutch. Major components of the starting motor include the following items: motor, overrunning clutch (21) and solenoid (18) . The motor generates power. The overrunning clutch transmits torque of the armature. The overrunning clutch also limits the engine rpm after start-up. Solenoid (18) engages pinion (19) with the flywheel ring gear. Reduction gear (20) reduces the speeds of the armature and the reduction gear transmits torque to the pinion.
Reduction Gear
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Illustration 4 g01383983
Assembly of reduction gear
(22) Armature shaft
(23) Pinion
(24) Overrunning clutch
The end of armature shaft (22) has a gear. The gear engages with an internal gear. The reduction gear reduces high motor speed. The reduction gear also transmits higher cranking torque to the pinion shaft.
Overrunning Clutch
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Illustration 5 g01383987
Components of overrunning clutch
(25) Outer race
(26) Inner race
(27) Spring
(28) Roller
The overrunning clutch has rollers. Outer race (25) and inner race (26) form a groove. The shape of the groove is a wedge. Each roller (28) is located in the groove. Each roller is pressed by a spring (27vO) . The roller is pressed against the narrower side of the groove by the spring. The rotation of the outer race is transmitted to the pinion. No torque is transmitted from the pinion as the roller moves to the wider side. The action from the wedge is released.
Starting Motor Operation
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Illustration 6 g01383992
Switch for starting motor In ON position
(29) Starter switch
(30) Starter relay
(31) Plunger
(32) Field coil
(33) Reduction gear
(34) Pinion
(35) Battery
(36) Ring gear
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Current flows from the "SW" terminal of the starting motor relay to the "L" terminal when the starter switch of the starting motor is in the ON position. The "P2" contact closes. Current from the battery flows from the "S" terminal of the magnetic switch to the pull in coil "P". Current from the battery also flows from the "S" terminal of the magnetic switch to the hold in coil "H". The current decreases. The current flows from the "M" terminal to the motor.
Plunger (31) is energized by the magnetic flux of the pull in the field coil and the hold in the field coil. The plunger closes the "P1" terminal. The plunger also pushes out the pinion (34) . The pinion turns slowly on weak current.
Illustration 7 g01384000
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Engaged pinion gear
(29) Starter switch
(30) Starter relay
(31) Plunger
(32) Field coil
(33) Reduction gear
(34) Pinion
(35) Battery
(36) Ring gear
The "P1" contact closes and the current of the battery flows directly to the starting motor when the pinion completely meshes with the ring gear. The starting motor turns the pinion. No current flows to the pull in coil "P". The plunger is retained by the hold in coil "H".
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Illustration 8 g01384005
Switch for starting motor In OFF position
(29) Starter switch
(30) Starter relay
(31) Plunger
(32) Field coil
(33) Reduction gear
(34) Pinion
(35) Battery
(36) Ring gear
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The "P2" contact opens when starter switch (29) for the starting motor is set to the OFF position. The starter switch for the starting motor is opened. The "P1" terminal is in the closed position. The battery current flows from the "B" terminal to the pull in coil "P" and the hold in coil "H"when the starting motor is opened.
The magnetic fluxes cancel each other since the direction of current flow is reversed. The spring returns to the original position. Contact point "P1" opens. The current to the starting motor is cut off.
Direitos Autorais 1993 - 2013 Caterpillar Inc. Tue Oct 29 09:48:04 UTC-0200 2013 Todos os Direitos Reservados. Rede Particular Para Licenciados SIS.
