MAKALAH

READING COMPREHENTIONS

Disusun oleh:

UNIVERSITAS KADER BANGSA

FAKULTAS KESEHATAN

PRODI D3 TEKNIK RONTGEN

 Preface

Praise be to God Almighty for the blessings of his grace, and that we were given the
opportunity to be able to compile a working paper entitled "the importance of English language
in for now and the future" is properly and correctly, and on time.
This paper is structured so that readers can know how important application of English
language in daily life.
This paper was compiled with help from various parties. Both parties come from outside
as well as from parties concerned itself. And because the aid and help of God Almighty, these
papers can be finally resolved. This is a paper about "the importance of Languages in the United
Kingdom Life for now and the foreseeable future" and deliberately chosen because in this day
and age the use of English need to have the support of all those who care about the world of
education.
Hopefully this paper can give a broader insight to the reader. Although this paper has
advantages and disadvantages.

I
 Table of Contents

Cover..................................................................................................................................
Preface................................................................................................................................ I
Table of Contents............................................................................................................... II

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTIONS
1.1. Background ..................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Problems Formulations ................................................................................... 1
1.3. Purpose............................................................................................................. 1

CHAPTER II DISCUSSIONS
2.1. DEFINITION OF READING COMPREHENSION................................. 2
2.2. KIND OF READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS............................... 4
............................................................................................................................................
2.3. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE READING CCOMPREHENSIONS. . 4
2.4. IMPORTANCE OF READING COMPREHENSIONS........................... 7

CHAPTER III CLOSING

Conclusions............................................................................................................ 8
Suggestion.............................................................................................................. 8
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTIONS

1.1 Background
Apple banana blue walk tree happy sing. Surely you were able to read each of the words
in that sentence and understand what they meant independently. An apple is a fruit that is usually
round and red, green or yellow. A banana is another fruit that is yellow. Blue is a color…and so
on and so forth. However, when you look at the sentence as a whole, does it make sense?
Probably not. This nonsense sentence demonstrates the difference between being able to read
words and comprehend text.
As practiced readers we may take this distinction for granted since the acts of reading and
comprehension occur almost simultaneously for us. For developing readers this relationship is
not as apparent, but is essential for them to become strong, capable readers.

1.2 Problems Formulations

1. What is Reading Comprehensions?
2. What are Kinds of Reading Comprehensions Skills?
3. What are Factors that Influence Reading Comprehensions?
4. Why is Reading Comprehension So Important?

1.3 Purpose
1. Knowing the Definition of Reading Comprehensions.
2. Knowing Kinds of Reading Comprehensions Skills.
3. Knowing Factors that Influence Reading Comprehensions.
4. Understanding Importance of Reading Comprehensions.

1
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSIONS

2.1. DEFINITION OF READING COMPREHENSION

Reading comprehension is one of the pillars of the act of reading. When a person reads a
text he engages in a complex array of cognitive processes. He is simultaneously using his
awareness and understanding of phonemes (individual sound “pieces” in language), phonics
(connection between letters and sounds and the relationship between sounds, letters and words)
and ability to comprehend or construct meaning from the text. This last component of the act of
reading is reading comprehension. It cannot occur independent of the other two elements of the
process. At the same time, it is the most difficult and most important of the three.

Simply put, reading comprehension is the act of understanding what you are reading.
While the definition can be simply stated the act is not simple to teach, learn or practice. Reading
comprehension is an intentional, active, interactive process that occurs before, during and after a
person reads a particular piece of writing.

There are two elements that make up the process of reading comprehension: Vocabulary
Knowledge and Text Comprehension.

A. Vocabulary Knowledge
In order to understand a text the reader must be able to
comprehend the vocabulary used in the piece of writing. If the individual
words don’t make the sense then the overall story will not either. Children
can draw on their prior knowledge of vocabulary, but they also need to
continually be taught new words. The best vocabulary instruction occurs
at the point of need. Parents and teachers should pre-teach new words that
a child will encounter in a text or aid her in understanding unfamiliar
words as she comes upon them in the writing.
B. Text Comprehensions
In addition to being able to understand each distinct word in a text,
the child also has to be able to put them together to develop an overall
conception of what it is trying to say. This is text comprehension. Text
comprehension is much more complex and varied that vocabulary
knowledge. Readers use many different text comprehension strategies to
develop reading comprehension. These include monitoring for
understanding, answering and generating questions, summarizing and
being aware of and using a text’s structure to aid comprehension.
2.2. KIND OF READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS

Reading comprehension is a skill, which the reader must be guess and answer question,
and explain again what the purpose and massage author. After the reader reads the title of the
text, the students predict what will happen next in a story to get the main ideas and supporting
detail easily. So the students can understand the massage or the structure, understand the
meaning of unknown words of the text of the text and inferring the point of the reading material.
In this research the researcher focus on skills in understanding of massage or structure of the text
and understanding main idea and the meaning of unknown words.

Skilled readers, for instance:

1) Predicting what will happen next in a story.
2) Understanding the main idea and supporting detail of the text.
3) Understanding of the sequence, massage or structure of the text.
4) Understanding meaning of unknown words of the text.
5) Inferring the point of the reading material

2.3. THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE READING CCOMPREHENSIONS

Reading comprehension is a cognitive process that requires many skills and strategies.
The readers are actively engaged with the text, they think about many things as they read to
comprehend the text. There are several factors that affect the reading comprehension such as
linguistic factors and non-linguistics factors. Linguistic factors include the knowledge about
vocabularies and Meta cognitive knowledge of the second language structure, grammar and
syntax. Meanwhile, non-linguistic factors include their prior knowledge and their experience.
 Lucy Hart have compiled a list, she make briefly explanation of factors that influence
reading comprehension as follow:
1) Prior Knowledge
Prior knowledge plays an essential role in reading comprehension. Prior
knowledge or usually called background knowledge is important to create new
knowledge, without prior knowledge written material would be meaningless.
Prior knowledge is expressed with words. The more knowledge must be activated
to be useful, the more likely it is that the material will be understood. Prior
knowledge helps the students to comprehend what are written and making
inferences or predictions about the text. It means that prior knowledge is very
important in reading to get meaning in passage.

2) Vocabulary
Whether or not students have mastered vocabulary skills affect their
reading comprehension. Students must be able to comprehend a familiar words its
relationship with other words within a text. Mastering vocabulary includes
recognizing a word’s part of speech, definition, useful context clues, and how it
functions in a sentence. These vocabulary strategies can help improve
comprehension.

3) Fluency
Reading with fluency allows students to retain information with accuracy,
expression and increased speed. The ability to read fluently develops through
reading practice. As students become fluent readers, they will spend less time
trying to decipher the meaning of words or more time considering the overall
meaning of the sentences. Over time, fluent readers will develop the ability to
insightfully respond to a text.

4) Active reading
Beginning readers often rely on skilled readers to guide them through a
text. However, as readers develop, they will be able to monitor their own reading
 comprehension. Students can actively guide their own reading by targeting
comprehension problems as they occur. Students can troubleshoot comprehension
problems by recalling what they read, asking themselves questions or evaluating
the text.

5) Critical thinking
The students can actively respond to a text more efficiently when they
possess critical thinking skills. As students read, they can determine the main idea
and supporting detail, the sequence of events and the overall structure of the text.
Students will also be able to identify literary devices and their effect on the text.
Having critical thinking skills help to deepen a students’ comprehension of a text,
resulting in a positive reading experience.
2.4. IMPORTANCE OF READING COMPREHENSIONS

Why is reading comprehension so important? Without comprehension, reading is nothing

more than tracking symbols on a page with your eyes and sounding them out. Imagine being
handed a story written in Egyptian hieroglyphics with no understanding of their meaning. You
may appreciate the words aesthetically and even be able to draw some small bits of meaning
from the page, but you are not truly reading the story. The words on the page have no meaning.
They are simply symbols. People read for many reasons but understanding is always a part of
their purpose. Reading comprehension is important because without it reading doesn’t provide
the reader with any information.

Beyond this, reading comprehension is essential to life. Much has been written about the
importance of functional literacy. In order to survive and thrive in today’s world individuals
must be able to comprehend basic texts such as bills, housing agreements (leases, purchase
contracts), directions on packaging and transportation documents (bus and train schedules, maps,
travel directions). Reading comprehension is a critical component of functional literacy. Think of
the potentially dire effects of not being able to comprehend dosage directions on a bottle of
medicine or warnings on a container of dangerous chemicals. With the ability to comprehend
what they read, people are able not only to live safely and productively, but also to continue to
develop socially, emotionally and intellectually.
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

CONCLUSION

Reading comprehensions is really important. Without it, reading doesn’t provide the
reader with any information. Reading comprehension is a critical component of functional
literacy. With the ability to comprehend what they read, people are able not only to live safely
and productively, but also to continue to develop socially, emotionally and intellectually.

SUGGESTIONS

In the writing of this paper, we as the writers aware that there still a lack in contents and
in explanations. Therefore, we as the writers are hoping for critics and suggestions from the
reader so we can make this paper more complete.