Chapter 29 continued

Sources of the Magnetic Field

Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 10e

Raymond A. Serway
John W. Jewett, Jr.
 Ampère’s Law

0 I
 B  d s = B  ds = 2 r ( 2 r ) = 0 I
The line integral of B  d s around any
closed path equals 0 I , where I is the
total steady current passing through
any surface bounded by the closed path:

 B  ds =  I
0
 Quick Check 1
Rank the magnitudes of  B  d s for the closed paths
a through d in the figure from greatest to least.
 Quick Check 2
Rank the magnitudes of  B  d s for the closed paths
a through d in the figure from greatest to least.
 Example 29.5: The Magnetic Field
Created by a Long Current-Carrying Wire
A long, straight wire of radius R carries a steady current I that is
uniformly distributed through the cross section of the wire. Calculate the
magnetic field a distance r from the center of the wire in the regions r 
R and r < R.
 Example 29.5: The Magnetic Field
Created by a Long Current-Carrying Wire

0 I 
B= ( for r  R ) 
2 r  0 I
B =
 0 I   2 R
B= 2 
r ( for r  R )
 2 R  
 Example 29.6: The Magnetic Field
Created by a Toroid
The device, called a toroid, consists of a conducting wire wrapped around a
ring (a torus), which is shaped like a doughnut, made of a nonconducting
material. For a toroid having N closely spaced turns of wire, calculate the
magnetic field in the region occupied by the torus, a distance r from the center.
The Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

• Solenoid: long wire

wound in form of helix

• Reasonably uniform
magnetic field inside a
solenoid.

• When turns closely

spaced, each can be
approximated as circular
loop
The Magnetic Field of a Solenoid
The Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

 B  ds = B = 0 NI
N
B = 0 I = 0 nI
 Gauss’s Law in Magnetism

 B   B  dA

 B = BA cos 
1 Wb = 1 T  m 2
 Example 29.7: Magnetic Flux
Through a Rectangular Loop
A rectangular loop of width a and length b is located near a long wire
carrying a current I. The distance between the wire and the closest side of
the loop is c. The wire is parallel to the long side of the loop. Find the
total magnetic flux through the loop due to the current in the wire.
 Gauss’s Law in Magnetism

 B  dA = 0
The net magnetic flux through any
closed surface is always zero:
The Magnetic Moments of Atoms

 = IA

L = me vr

h −34
= = 1.05  10 J  s
2

e
= 2
2me
 The Magnetic Moments of Atoms

3
S=
2

e
spin =
2me

e
B = −24
= 9.27  10 J/T
2me
 Ferromagnetism

• Paramagnetism: Weak magnetism resulting from presence of

atoms (or ions) with permanent magnetic moments
• Diamagnetism: Weak magnetic moment induced in direction
opposite to an applied magnetic field
 Quick Quiz 1
Consider a solenoid that is very long compared with
its radius. Of the following choices, what is the most
effective way to increase the magnetic field in the
interior of the solenoid?
A. double its length, keeping the number of turns per
unit length constant
B. reduce its radius by half, keeping the number of
turns per unit length constant
C. overwrap the entire solenoid with an additional
layer of current-carrying wire
 Quick Quiz 2
A very long wire lies in a plane with a short wire segment. The long wire
carries current I, while the short wire of length L carries current i. The two
wires are parallel to each other. Which of the following statements are true?

1. The direction of the magnetic force exerted by the long wire on the short
wire is directed away from the long wire.
2. The magnitude of the force on the short wire is μ0IiL/2πd.
3. The long wire experiences a force of exactly the same magnitude as the force
experienced by the short wire.
A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 3
D. All
E. None
 Quick Quiz 3
A thin, infinitely large current sheet lies in the y-z plane. Current
of magnitude Js per unit length along the z axis travels in the y-
axis direction, which is up out of the page. Which diagram below
correctly represents the direction of the magnetic field on either
side of the sheet?
A. B. C.

D. E.
 Quick Quiz 4
Two solenoids are each made of 2 000 turns of copper wire per
meter. Solenoid I is 2 m long, while solenoid II is 1 m long.
When equal currents are present in the two solenoids, the ratio of
the magnetic field BI along the axis of solenoid I to the magnetic
field BII along the axis of solenoid II, BI/BII, is

A. ¼
B. ½
C. 1
D. 2
E. 4
 Quick Quiz 1
Consider a solenoid that is very long compared with
its radius. Of the following choices, what is the most
effective way to increase the magnetic field in the
interior of the solenoid?
A. double its length, keeping the number of turns per
unit length constant
B. reduce its radius by half, keeping the number of
turns per unit length constant
C. overwrap the entire solenoid with an additional
layer of current-carrying wire
 Quick Quiz 2
A very long wire lies in a plane with a short wire segment. The long wire
carries current I, while the short wire of length L carries current i. The two
wires are parallel to each other. Which of the following statements are true?

1. The direction of the magnetic force exerted by the long wire on the short
wire is directed away from the long wire.
2. The magnitude of the force on the short wire is μ0IiL/2πd.
3. The long wire experiences a force of exactly the same magnitude as the force
experienced by the short wire.
A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 3
D. All
E. None
 Quick Quiz 3
A thin, infinitely large current sheet lies in the y-z plane. Current
of magnitude Js per unit length along the z axis travels in the y-
axis direction, which is up out of the page. Which diagram below
correctly represents the direction of the magnetic field on either
side of the sheet?
A. B. C.

D. E.
 Quick Quiz 4
Two solenoids are each made of 2 000 turns of copper wire per
meter. Solenoid I is 2 m long, while solenoid II is 1 m long.
When equal currents are present in the two solenoids, the ratio of
the magnetic field BI along the axis of solenoid I to the magnetic
field BII along the axis of solenoid II, BI/BII, is

A. ¼
B. ½
C. 1
D. 2
E. 4