SCIENCE 1

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SCIENCE
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Electromagnetic Spectrum

Self-Learning Module
 FOREWORD

This Self – Learning kit in Science is intended for grade10 students. The activities
in this kit focus mainly on thecontribution of scientists that led to the development of
electromagnetic theory, the propagation of electromagnetic waves and their distinct
properties.

In the previous grade level, you have studied about transverse and longitudinal
waves which are types of mechanical waves. Sound waves, water waves and seismic waves
are examples of mechanical waves. In this kit, you will learn about electromagnetic waves
and how this type differs from mechanical waves.

As you go through with this kit, you will explore thenature and characteristic of
the EM radiation besides light. The activities in this kit will enhance your understanding
of the electromagnetic spectrum- the variation of their wavelength and frequency which
makes each electromagnetic wave unique from one another.

Furthermore, your knowledge on the measured parameters of electromagnetic

(EM) radiation is essential in understandingthe benefits and hazards brought by
electromagnetic (EM) radiations and their widespread applications especially in this
modern society.

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Content Standard:
Demonstrate understanding of the different regions of theelectromagnetic spectrum.

Learning Competency:
Compare the relative wavelengths of different forms ofelectromagnetic waves. S10FE-lla-b-47

How do you feel upon hearing the song “Señorita” played over the radio? How
about playing your favorite mobile game? What would be yourreaction when the scene
in the series “Ang Probinsyano” becomes action packed then suddenly your father
changed the channel to watch a basketballgame? Have you enjoyed video chatting
with friends living in another country, half-way around the world?
Have you tried heating your food using a microwave oven? Have you seen how
a cashier scans the barcode of items in the grocery store when you go shopping? All these
activities that you do every day are just examples of how amazing electromagnetic
waves can be.

After accomplishing this self-learning kit, students are expected to:

A. Trace the development of the electromagnetic theory;

B. Describe how electromagnetic wave is produced and
propagated;
C. Name and organize electromagnetic radiation in the
electromagnetic spectrum; and
D. Develop patience in doing the activities.

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TEST YOURSELF

Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. Which type of wave is produced by moving electrons and can travel through empty
space?
A. body wave
B. surface wave
C. mechanical wave
D. electromagnetic wave
2. What property differentiates radio wave from microwave?
A. color
B. odor
C. speed
D. wavelength
3. Which color of light has the longest wavelength?
A. yellow
B. red
C. green
D. blue
4. Why radio waves are used in satellite connection and broadcastings? It is because of its
__________.
A. long wavelength
B. amplitude
C. speed
D. sound
5. Which two waves lie at the ends of the electromagnetic spectrum?
A. microwave and X-ray
B. radio wave and X-ray
C. radio wave and gamma ray
D. ultraviolet and infrared
6. Which of the following is the correct arrangement of electromagnetic waves from
longest to shortest wavelength?
A. gamma rays, ultraviolet, infrared, microwaves
B. microwaves, ultraviolet, visible light, gamma rays
C. radio waves, infrared, gamma rays, ultraviolet
D. television, infrared, visible light, X-rays
7. What is the wavelength of light wave (in meters) if their frequency is 5.0X1014
Hz?
A. 6.0 x 10-6 m
B. 6.0 x 10-7m
C. 6.0 x 106 m
D. 6.0 x 107m

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 8. Which of the following does not belong to the electromagnetic spectrum?
A. sound wave
B. radio wave
C. microwave
D. infrared
9. What is the acronym used to remember the arrangement of colors in visiblelight?
A. VIBGYOR
B. ROYGBIV
C. ROYGVIB
D. BORGIVY
10. What does the blue section of the wave
measure?
A. amplitude
B. crest
C. trough
D. wavelength

DO THIS…

Activity 1
Behind the Electromagnetic Theory
Direction: Read the article and create a comic strip about the significant contributionsof
the scientist to the Electromagnetic Wave Theory.
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879), a Scottish scientist who developed a scientific theory to
explain electromagnetic waves. He noticed that electrical fields and magnetic fields can couple
together to form electromagnetic waves. He summarized thisrelationship between electricity and
magnetism by developing equations, "Maxwell's Equations."
Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894), a German physicist who showed that Maxwell's theory of
electromagnetism was correct and that light and heat are electromagnetic radiations. He applied
these theories to the production and reception of radiowaves. The unit of frequency of a radio
wave -- one cycle per second -- is named the hertz, in honor of Heinrich Hertz.
Michael Faraday (1791-1867), an English scientist, who discovered electromagnetic
induction, hascontributions on electrical engineering and electrochemistry. He was responsible for
introducing the concept of field in physics to describe electromagnetic interaction.
André-Marie Ampère (1775-1836), a French physicist who founded and named the science
of electrodynamics, now known as electromagnetism. He immediately set to work developing a
mathematical and physical theory to understand the relationship between electricity and magnetism.
He showed that two parallel wires carrying electric currents repel or attract each other, depending
on whether the currents flow in the same or opposite directions, respectively.
Hans Christian Øersted (1777 –1851) a Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric
currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and
magnetism.

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KNOW THIS…

Frequency
The number of crests that pass a given point within one second is described as the
frequency of the wave. One wave—or cycle—per second is called a Hertz (Hz), after
Heinrich Hertz who established the existence of radio waves. A wave with two cycles that
pass a point in one second has a frequency of 2 Hz. A higher-frequency wave has more
energy than a lower-frequency wave with the same amplitude.
Wavelength
The distance between two crests/two troughs is the wavelength. Electromagneticwaves
have crests (highest point) and troughs (lowest point) similar to those of ocean waves. The
distance between crests is the wavelength. The shortest wavelengths are just fractions of
the size of an atom, while the longest wavelengths scientists currently study can be larger
than the diameter of ourplanet.
Energy
An electromagnetic wave can also be described in terms of its energy—in unitsof measure
called electron volts (eV). An electron volt is the amount of kineticenergy needed to move
an electron through one volt potential. Moving along the spectrum from long to short
wavelengths, energy increases as thewavelength shortens. Consider a jump rope with its
ends being pulled up anddown. More energy is needed to make the rope have more waves.

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 DO THIS …

Activity2

Wave..wAve..waVe..wavE

Direction: Figure 1 below shows the parts of a wave. Name each part labeled A to D.
Then write in the table your brief description of each part based on the figure.

Figure1. Parts of a Wave

Table 1 Parts of a Wave

Part Brief Description

Wavelength
Amplitude
Crest
Trough

Questions:

1. Recall your grade 8 lesson about waves, what type of wave is

illustrated above?
2. What are the properties of a wave?
3. Which characteristic of wave changes as it travels?
4. What is wave frequency?
5. How do you describe the direction of movements of wave particlesand
energy?

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 An electromagnetic wave is produced by accelerating charges; moving
charges back and forth will produce oscillating electric and magnetic fields, and
this travel at the speed of light. Light is just one example of an electromagnetic
wave. Speed of light in vacuum: c = 3.00 x 108 m/s, c is the ultimate speed limit in the
universe. Nothing can travelfaster than light in a vacuum. These waves can travel
both through a medium and in a vacuum.
Moving charges (currents) produce magnetic fields. A changing current
(electric field) produces changing magnetic field, a changing magnetic field
produces a changing electric field. This is what induced electromotive force (EMF)
is all about. A steadily-changing magnetic field can induce a constant voltage,
while an oscillating magnetic field can induce an oscillating voltage.
In short, an oscillating electric field generates an oscillating magnetic field
and an oscillating magnetic field generates an oscillatingelectric field, both oscillate
perpendicular to each other.
The energy carried by an electromagnetic wave is proportional to the
frequency of the wave. The wavelength and frequency of the wave are connected
via the speed of light: v=c=λf. where v=c= 3.00 x 108 m/s, wavelength (λ) in meters and
frequency (f) is expressed in Hz.

Direction: Modified true or false. Write True if the statement is True. If FALSE, change the
identified word or group of words to make the statement true.

1. Electromagnetic wave transfer energy through a vacuum.

2. EM wave cannot travel through a medium.
3. A changing magnetic field could produce a changing electric field.
4. Most EM waves are visible and detectable.
5. Accelerating electrons produce electromagnetic waves.

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DO THIS ….

Activity 3

Let’s Go Solving!

Direction: Solve the problems pertaining to EM wave frequency and wavelength.Assume that the
waves propagated in a vacuum.

of 20 m? a microwave with a
wavelength of 25m?

of 5X1014 Hz?

Solution:
light waves with a

DO THIS….
Activity 4

On My Own!

Direction: Based on what you have learned about how electromagnetic waves are produced,
draw the structure of an electromagnetic wave.

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 The Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuum of electromagnetic waves arranged

according to their respective frequencies, wavelengths and photon energies.
Frequencies ranging from below one hertz to above 1025 hertz, corresponding to
wavelengths from thousands of kilometers down to a fraction of the size of an atomic
nucleus. Beginning at the low frequency (long wavelength) end of the spectrum these
are: radiowaves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays
at the high-frequency (short wavelength) end.
Radio wave, discovered by Heinrich Hertz, is found at the left end of the electromagnetic
(EM) spectrum. It has the longest wavelength but they are of low frequency thereby
carrying the lowest energy. They are produced by making electrons vibrate in an antenna.
Your radio captures radio waves emitted by radio stations, bringing your favorite tunes.
Radio waves are also emitted by stars and gases in space.
Microwaves have smaller wavelength than radio waves. Microwave radiationis used in
cooking, also used by astronomers to learn about the structure of nearby galaxies, radar,
satellite communication and television transmission.
Infrared discovered by Frederick William Herschel lies beyond the red end of the visible
light. Night vision goggles pick up the infrared light emitted byour skin and objects with
heat. In space, infrared light helps us mapthe dust between stars.
Visible light is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be perceived by the
human eye.it is the thinnest part in the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. Fireflies, light bulbs,
and stars all emit visible light. Using a prism light separates into different colors: red, orange,
yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Red has the longest wavelength but has the lowest
frequency while violet has the shortest wavelength but has the highest frequency.
Ultraviolet radiation has frequencies higher than that of the visible light but lower than the
x-rays. It is emitted by the Sun and the reason why skin tans andburns. "Hot" objects in
space emit UV radiation as well.
X- ray, discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, are produced using an X-ray tube. They
emitted when fast moving electrons hit a metal target. Hot gases in the universe also emit
X-rays. Long wavelength X-rays can penetrate the flesh but not the bones.
Gamma ray has the highest frequencies and energies than any electromagnetic (EM)
waves. Emitted by the sun and stars and can also be produced by radioactive
substance. Doctors use Gamma-Ray imaging to see inside your body. Thebiggest
gamma-ray generator of all is the Universe.

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Electromagnetic Spectrum Properties

Source: commons.wikimedia.org

Activity 5
“Fill Me UP”
Direction: Complete the concept map by filling the shapes with the important facts
about EM spectrum. Arrange the EM waves according to decreasing wavelength

Questions:
1. What are the 7 types of electromagnetic waves?
2. How are EM waves arranged in the EM spectrum?
3. Which section of the spectrum can be seen by our eyes?

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 4. How do you describe the relationship between frequency and
wavelength?
5. Which property makes the waves of the EM spectrum the same?

Post Assessment:

I. Fill in the blanks. Choose the correct answer from the word pool.

Electric
electric higher
more accelerating lower magnetic
300 000 000 m/s higher vacuum hertz meter

Electromagnetic waves are the combination of and

Field waves. It is produced by electrons. It has a speed
of like the speed of light and could travel through
. EM waves differ in wavelength and frequency. Waves with longer
wavelengths have frequency and those that have shorter wavelengths
have frequency and have the energy. Theunit used to measure the
frequency of a wave is and thewavelength is expressed in .

II. Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. Which of the following is a type of energy transfer in the form of
electromagnetic wave?
A. conduction
B. convection
C. radiation
D. transformation
2. The speed of EM wave is just equal to the speed of light (v=c). What is itsspeed?
A. 3 x 108 m/s
B. 3 x 107 m/s
C. 3 x 106 m/s
D. 3 x 105 m/s
3. How do you describe the frequency of an EM wave which has a long
wavelength?
A. high
B. low
C. average
D. zero

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4. In the equation v=λf, the unit of v is meter/second and the wavelength (λ)is in meters.
What is the unit of frequency?
A. volts
B. hertz
C. meters
D. ampere
5. Which of the following shows the correct order of electromagnetic wavesfrom
lowest to highest frequency?
A. X-rays, visible light, microwaves
B. radio wave, gamma rays, infrared
C. ultraviolet, visible light, gamma-rays
D. microwave, visible light, gamma-rays
6. How do you describe the wavelengths on the left side of the
electromagnetic spectrum?
A. average
B. long
C. short
D. medium
7. If you are moving from gamma ray to radio wave, how the energy changes?
A. decrease
B. increase
C. same
D. zero
8. As light passes through a prism it separates into spectrum of colors. Which of the
arrangement is in order?
A. red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
B. red, yellow, orange, indigo, green, violet, blue
C. blue, indigo, violet, green, orange, yellow, red
D. orange, yellow, red, indigo, violet, green, blue
9. How much of the electromagnetic radiation is visible?
A. all of it
B. most of it
C. none of it
D. only a part
10. What term is referred to as the range of electromagnetic signals encompassingall
frequencies?
A. EM wave
B. EM frequency
C. EM spectrum
D.EM radiation

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WRAP UP!

A wave is a

EM wave
• Can travel through a medium
and avacuum
Electromagnetic
• Has a speed of3x108 m/s in
wave is produced
vacuum.
by vibrating
electrons. • Has an electric field that
travels perpendicular with the
magnetic field.
• Is mostly detectable but not
visible, only visible lightcan be
EM spectrum consists of radio seen by human eye.
waves, microwaves,infrared,
visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays
and Gamma rays, arranged in
decreasing wavelength and
increasing frequency.

God Bless and Thank you!

References:

Printed:
K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science 10
K to 12 Learning Manual Science 10

Electronics Source:
https://science.nasa.gov/
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andre-Marie-Ampere
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted
https://www.ck12.org/physics/wave-frequency/lesson/Wave-Frequency-MS-PS/
http://physics.bu.edu/
https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/toolbox/emspectrum1.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum
https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-middle-school-physical-science-flexbook-
2.0/section/18.2/primary/lesson/properties-of-electromagnetic-waves-ms-
ps#:~:text=Electromagnetic%20waves%20vary%20in%20wavelength,of%20its%20wavelength%20an
d%20frequency.

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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
REGION VII
Division of Mandaue City
Mandaue City, Cebu

NIMFA D. BONGO, Ed. D, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

LEAH V. APAO, CESO VI

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

JAIME P. RUELAN, Ed. D

Chief Education Supervisor

ISMAELITA N. DESABILLE, Ed. D

Education Program Supervisor- LRMDS

RUFINO T. TUDLASAN JR., Ed. D

Education Program Supervisor- SCIENCE

ERLINDA F. CUYOS
Evaluator

CONNIE P. NUÑEZ
Writer/Layout Artist

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Mandaue City
Plaridel St., Centro, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines 6014
Telephone Nos.: (032) 345 – 0545 | (032) 505 – 6337
E-mail Address: [email protected]
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