Socsci Module 1
Socsci Module 1
Socsci Module 1
Prepared by:
Flor A. Docusin
Introduction
Spain governed the Philippines through the Ministro de Ultramar (Ministry of the
Colonies) established in Madrid in 1863, This body helped the Spanish monarchs
manage the affairs of the colonies and governed the Philippines through a
centralized machinery exercising executive, legislative, judicial, and religious
powers.
The Governor general appointed by the Spanish monarch headed the central
administration in Manila. He was the king's representative in all state and
religious matters and as such he exercised extensive powers.
He issued executive orders and proclamations and he had supervision and
disciplinary powers over all government officials. He was commander-in-chief of
the Armed forces of the Philippines. He had supreme authority in financial matters
and as such he exercised extensive powers.
The guardia civil and cuadrilleros performed police duties and helped maintain
peace and order. The Alferez (Second lieutenant), usually a Spaniard, headed the
corps of Guardia civil in each town.
3.Educational System
For almost three hundred years since the Spaniards established the first settlement
in the Philippines, there was no systematic of government supervision of schools.
The schools were free to administer their own curricula and prescribe the
qualifications of their leaders.
The most serious criticisms against the system were: the overemphasis on
religious matters, the obsolete teaching methods, the limited curriculum, the very
poor classroom facilities, and the absence of teaching materials such as books in
the elementary and high school levels.
town principalia, a body of citizens of high standing, The Governor
General was theoretically responsible for all government and religious
activities during the term including petty official negligence and faulty
administration of justice.
The friars occupied a dominant position in the Philippine educational system for
religion was the main subject in schools. Fear of God was emphasized and
obedience to the friars was instilled in the minds of the people. They were
constantly reminded that they had inferior intelligence and they were fit only for
manual labor. These practices resulted in a lack of personal confidence and a
development of inferiority complex.
The absence of academic freedom is Spain's educational system was extended to
the schools that the Spaniards established in the Philippines. Learning in every
level was largely by rote. Students memorized and repeated the contents of books
which they did not understand.
At the end of the Spanish period, the college of San Juan de Letran was the only
official secondary school in the Philipines although secondary education was also
offered at the Ateneo de Manila. Seven provinces had private colleges and Latin
schools for general studies, and secondary education for girls was furnished by
five colleges in Manila-Santa Isabel, La Concordia, Santa Rosa, Looban, and
Santa Catalina.
Up to the end of the Spanish regime, the University of Santo Tomas was the
only institution of university level in Manila. Initially established solely for
Spaniards and mestizos, it opened its doors to Filipino students for decades
before the end of the Spanish rule.
Dona Teodora Rizal was jailed on flimsy ground in 1871; Dr. Jose.
Rizal was deported in July 1892 without trial; Paciano and several
brothers-in-law were exiled without due process. GOMBURZA and
RIZAL were executed.
7. Racial descrimination
Above and beyond all these, he was a hero and political martyr who
consecrated his life for the redemption of his oppressed people.
Birth of a hero
June 19, 1861-Jose Rizal was born in the lakeshore town of
Calamba, Laguna Province, Philippines.
His mother almost died during the delivery because of his big head.
Father Pedro Casanas-Rizal's godfather, native of Calamba and close friend of the
Rizal family.
He was baptized in the Catholic Church of his town on June 22, aged three days
old, by the parish priest, Father Rufino Collantes.
Lieutenant-General Jose Lemery-the governor general of the Philippines when Rizal
was born.
Rizal's Parents
Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)
-born in Binan, Laguna on May 11, 1818
-studied Latin and Philosophy at the college of San Jose in Manila
-became a tenant-farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda
-a hardy independent minded man, who talked less and worked
more
-and was strong in body and valiant in spirit
-died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of 80
-Rizal affectionately called him “ a model o fathers”
2. Paciano (1851-1930)
-older brother and confident of Jose Rizal
-was a second father to Rizal
-immortalized him in Rizal's first novel Noli Me Tangere
as the wise Pilosopo Tasio
-Rizal regarded him as the “most noble of Filipinos”
-became a combat general in the Philippine Revolution
-died on April 13, 1930, an old bachelor aged 79
-had two children by his mistress (Severina Decena)
3. Narcisa (1852-1939)
-her pet name was Sisa
-married to Antonio Lopez (nephew of Father Leoncio Lopez), a
school teacher od Morong
4. Olimpia (1855-1887)
-Ypia was her pet name
-married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila
5. Lucia (1857-1919)
-married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was a nephew of
-father Casanas
-Herbosa died of cholera in 1889 and was denied a Christian burial
-because he was a brother-in-law of Dr. Rizal
6. Maria (1859-1945)
-Biang was her nickname
-married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Binan, Laguna
7. Jose (1861-1896)
-the greatest Filipino hero and peerless genious; his nickname was
Pepe
-during his exile in Dapitan he lived with Josephine Bracken; Irish
girl from Hong Kong
-he had a son by her, but this baby -boy died a few hours after his
birth; Rizal named him “Francisco” after his father and buried him
in Dapitan.
8. Concepcion (1862-1865)
-her pet name was as Concha
-she died of sickness at the age of 3, her death was Rizal's first sorrow.
9. Josefa (1865-1945)
-her pet name was Panggoy
-she died an old maid at the age of 80