MEp ovens Standard Test Method for }183 - 02 (Reapproved 2014) Resistivity of Electrical Conductor Materials’ ‘Tis canard i ised nd te fed dignaon 193; the uber inane following he desigson ida the year of cial adoption cin the cof ein. he yea ofa vvson Amumber xpress nes he eo at eaval-A ‘Sepscrip epson) inaesan er ange sine the lt ron or reap ‘his stad hasbeen approved for we agence of the US. Deparment of rose 1. Scope test method covers the determination of the elec- trical resistivity of metallic electrical conductor material. It provides for an accuracy of +0.30 % on test specimens having a resistance of 000001 2 (10 ui) cr more. Weight resistivity ‘accuracy may be adversely affected by possible inaccuracies in the assumed density of the conductor 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any. associated with its use. It is the responsibilty of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices aad determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2, Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:? AIL Specification for Zine-Coated (Galvanized) “Iron” ‘Telephone and Telegraph Line Wire 'A32h Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) High Ten- sile Steel Telephone and Telegraph Line Wire (Withdrawn 1990) B9 Specification for Bronze ‘Trolley Wire 108 Spectiestion for Hatd-Drawa Copper Alloy Wires for Electric Conductors 'B298 Specificaton for Silver-Coated Soft or Annesled Cop- per Wire B355 Specification for Nickel-Cosed Soft or Annealed Cop- per Wire BAIS Specification for Hard-Drawn Aluminum-Clad Steel Wire 1B566 Specificaion for Copper-Clad Alumninam Wire B80 Specification for 8000 Series Aluminam Alloy Wire This et metas der te jain of ASTM Commitee B01 cw lca Camda nd the det espns ty of Ser 102 on Matods of Tes and Singing Pees (Caren edison sppeoncd Apri’ 2014, Phe Ap 2014. Originally approved ia 1944. La eis itin approved in 208 2193 C2 08), OL sawor9s-oRie "for rferoeed ASTM sandal, ish the ASTM website, wens of ntact ASTM Cosme Siew Sania cr. Fo Aaa Book of AST ‘Sta volume oration, refer tote sandals Docu Saray Page the ASTM cbse "The as appONeL Veron of is Mica sanded i+ reerenend on ew aso for Electrical Purposes—Annealed and Intermediate Tem pers 22 NIST Document NBS Handbook 100 —Cepper Wire Tables* 3. Resistivity 3.1 Resistivity (Explanatory Note 1) is the electrical resis- tance of a body of unit length, and unit cross-sectional area or unit weigh. 3.2 Volume Resistivity is commonly expressed in ohms for a theoretical conductor of unit length and eross-sectional ares in inch-pound units in Q-emil/f and in acceptable metic units in ‘Q mm?m. It may be calculated by the following equation: p= (ALR where: Py = volume resistivity, Q-emil/ft or Ceamm"/m, A = cross-sectional area, emil or mm’, L_ = gage length, used 10 determine R, for m, and R= measured resistance, 2. 3.3 Weight Resisivity is ecmmonly expressed in ohms for @ theoretical conductor of unit length and weight. The method for calculacing weight resistivity, based on resistance, length, and weight measurements, of test specimen is given in Explanatory Nove 2 4. Apparatus 4.1 Resistance shall be measured with a circuit configura tion and instrumentation thar has a resistance measurement pability of +0.15 % accuracy 5. Test Specimen 5.1 The test specimen snay be in the form of a wire, stip, ‘od, bar, tube, oF shape. It shall be of uniform cross section ‘hroughout its length within +0.75 % of the cross-sectional ‘ea. Wherever possible it shall be the fall cross section ofthe material it represents, ifthe fall eross section is such that the uniformity of the cross-sectional area can be acturately deter- ed, * Ania om Naor! of Standards a3 Testy (NIST), 100 areas De, Sep 107, Caterer, MD 20899 100, hpi gon Horo @AST nema 10 Bar Hr Oe 20 Bar 70, a Canon, PA 198 250 Unt SeAy 8183 - 02 (2014) , 5.2 The test specimen shall have the following characteris- ties: 5.21 A resistance of at least 0.00001 © (10 pi) in the test lergth between potential contacts, 5.2.2 A test length of atleast I ft or 300, 52.3 A diameter, thickness, width, or other dimension sutable 10 the limitations of the resistance measuring insrument, 5.2.4 No surface cracks or defects visible to the unaided ‘normal eye, and substantially fe> from surface oxide, dir, and grease, and 5.2.5 No joints or spices. 6. Procedure 6.1 Make ell determinations of the dimensions and weight ofthe test specimen using instruments accurate to 0.05 %. In order to assure this aecuracy in measuring the length between povential contacts, the surface in contact with the test specimen shall be a substantially sharp knife-edge when using a Kelvin- type bridge or a potentiometer. {42 The ercss-sectional dimensions of the specimen may be eiermined by micrometer measurements, and a. sulficient umber of measurements shall be made to obtain the mean ress section to within 0.10 4. Ia case any dimension of the specimen is less than 0,100 in, and cannot be measured to the recuired accuracy, determine the cross-section from the weight, deasity, and length of the specinien. 63. When the density is unknown, determine the density by ‘weighing a specimen first in air and then ina liquid of known, density at the test temperature, which shall be room tempera- ‘ure to avoid errors due to convection currems. Exercise care in removing all sir bubbles from the specimen when weighing it in the liquid, Calculate the density from the following equa- We xay(W,— Wi) where: 3 = density of the specimen, glem’; tof the specimen in ait, 2; = ‘weight of the specimen in the liquid, g; and lensity of the liquid at the test temperature, sfem. 164 When potential leads are used, make sure the distance between each potential contact and the corresponding current contact is at least equal to 114 times the cross-sectional perimeter of the specimen. Make sure the yoke resistance (between reference standard and test specimen) is appreciably smaller than that of either the reference standard or the test specitren unless a suitabe lead compensation method is used, ‘oF it is known that the coil and lead ratios are sufciently bbalancad so that variation in yoke resistance will not decrease the bridge accuracy below stated requirements 16.5 Make resistance measurements to an accuacy of £0.18 %, To ensure a correct reading, allow the reference standard and the test specimen to come tothe same temperature as the surrounding medium. (I the reference standard is made Cf manganin itis possible to obtain correct readings with the test specimen at reference temperatures other than room temperature), In all resistance measurements, the measuring curren raises the temperature of the medium. Therefore, take care 1a keep the magnitude of the current low, and the time of its use short enough so that the change in resistance cannot be detected with the galvanometer. T> eliminate errors due to contac: potential, take two readings, one direct and cne wi current reversed, in direct suecessicn, Check tests are recom- ‘mended whereby the specimen is ‘urned end for end, and the test repeated, Surface cleaning of the specimen at eurent and potential contact points may be mecessary to obtain good electrical contact. ‘TABLE 1 Resitivity and Conduetvty Conversion Non: 1—These factors are applicable only to vesisivity and conductivity values conte to 20°C (68°). They ae applicable fr any temperature when used wo convert between lame units Only between weight nits ony. Vales of dens, 8, forthe common elcseal conductor materials, ae Ist in Table ren ‘ouue Reis af 20°C wagereiay aero [ caanaey aro ‘cogs [nena | emein on vacn | apm [nom | yes | aucineseen = oar Fae sani WOT] —AETERS | WR GOTSD | ARO TORSX | NW GOT STH [CRI TORTI [URIS as) co) x04) ee xooese | rxoorean | mnotoorsia] vata) fomxrren |ivaha tse (14) * won | weoosseso | nxsea70 uxosnaro | wxcosaseso | wsa070% lon xeraro | np xcosas 6) 0) 08) uaem — | woes | wxroo00 | me2stco maootreiax | ms topo0% fare rz24r fang teses (is) 1s) 08 Pasay aS TRIE] WR GRAKE | TR ETOORT | WA TSDSHE | Ax 87 10OxH TR TTOT [ORE DOA [UFO agne | wxonoecee | ws | nxooesaon | nxc.o1oo | wxocn0r7s19 fond 7241 Jump cissen rr se = es ay ce SUES TORT] We TT WAAXOTRTS | (uN 17eAT] GADROEEE | OATH TTA aaa (volume bast x “ mt rence | emxscm0 | omxrssr| onmxeasas | anxrsces | onpxerseo | (yx 15320 |11009%06) woemibaces | Tx Ua) ec} 08) = 8 8lp 8193 - 02 (2014) TABLE 2 Density and Temperature Coetficient of Resistance for Electrical Conductor Materials Terooraure ae i ‘Aeprosioate Daly, _Comicrt of eproxmate Doniy, _ Coit sa a2rC, gen® Recctanc,« at ae Patarc yom" Ressarce oat aC are Caxper HS ‘or 00307 10 ‘nse an ome m0 cee? an ome oats nse an ous ora Sosee an boos oa ‘o0a88 Br oat 0 ose an bana or nase 2n ome es 00300 an ome me 0378 an oma oo ‘0370 an bom ma onee ‘Sher Cost Copp “Sprseion 8238 270 ames ccusaa’ ones 0 270 oaaso0 Gast ones sro 2% mre Gass Sonos ss 2% oars Gass Sonos so 27 aware Chass anos S80 270 anes so 270 twos? Nha Costs Copper 50 270 danas Spetiaon B55 case? 80 comes puranum toy = ACS: Goss aso one? ne 535) 27 oma Gas? aso ‘00400 Te) S23 ie (jon se 10 rr Sane Gass27 aso Oa0e22 —faummum ca Sie seiacs: mo er) z So Cone 2 Ser Soe o Ao oo rene. Spectcator 8 ‘Aoy 10 a0 oo1s7 bayer Cad Sut ‘oy 55 aso eames — | Grase 30. 1S. EHS ass oom ‘on 80 a9 Some — | Gage 40a HS. EHS 22 Gaara ‘Copper Alo. Section Jporanzea sta (taptone and a "elec Speciation nae as are ower ae Grace 13 ae aoe — | case A Coatng Grae 18 ae eoure ‘ade E88 (Yon eva) res 00s ‘Grae 20 a0 ours ence B8 (Or) re (Oto. Grace 3 aso ooo (Grace 88 on ce) 7s noe ‘Gree 40 a8 sams? — | case 8 Caatng Groat 55 0 Sones ‘Geade E85 (Son cra) 700 nme Gre 26 ao Sooo ence 88 (Cute) yao OMe Gece 80 ase Sones ‘inde 86 onc) yao Oboe Grae 85 a0 oom — | care ccoutns ‘Genco E65 (Non ero) 1 ono Alar 1950, % ICS: ‘ence 88 (09) tr Goo on 2105 00108 Genco 86 Won es) tm One es 2705, Sonos eis 2705, 00106 bopper Cid Abram. e13 ns 00005 "Soectcanon 86: ei2 2705 Sonat — | cate ton ane oH 32 ooo a0 2708 oat | Gare tokand tH 33 Ono Jooransed Se. Spoatcaion ASS: cate A ontng: . ‘Grace 05 ze otote ‘Gre 105 an 195 7s foe (cane 8 Coat ‘Grade 85 rd (Gase 135 and 195 7a ce ase C Coarm ‘nde 88 zm acoue (Gnd 135 and 195 tyr doe 4s Mp 193 - 02 (2014) ‘i 7. Temperature Correction 7.1 When the measurement is made at any other than a reference temperature, the resistance may be corrected for ‘moderate temperature differences to what it would be at the reference temperature, as follows: KR ett ce resistance at reference temperature 7, fesistance as measured at temperature 1, :nown ar given temperaturs edelicient of resistance of the specimen being measured at reference temperature a reference temperature, and temperature at which measurement is made. Non: 1—The parame a, in the above equation varie with conduc vty and temperature. For copper of 100% conducvity and a reference \empartre of 20°C. is valve 8 0.00353, Vales at her conductivities tnd temperatures willbe found in NBS Handboot 1008Table | ists ‘emparre coefictents fr the common electrical candvetoe materia 8. Report 8.1 For referee tests, report the following information: 8.11 Identification of test specimen, 8.12 Kind of maerial, 8.13 Test temperature, 8.14 Test length of specimen, 8.1.5 Method of obtaining cross-sectional area: 8.1.5.1 Uf by micrometer, the average values of micrometer readings, ot 8.1.52 Uf by weighing, a record of length, weight, any jons that may be made, and calculated used, 8.1.7 Method of measuring resistance, 8.1.8 Value of resistance, 8.1.9 Reference temperature, 8.1.10 Calculated valu: of resistivity at the reference temperature, and 8.1.11 Previous mechanical and thermal treatments. (Since the resisivity of a materia’ usually depends upon them, these shall be stated whenever the information is available.) {8.2 For routine tests, only such of the items in 8.1 as apply to the particular case, oF are significant, shall be reported. 9. Precision and Bias 9.1 Precision—This test method has been in use for many years. No statement of pression has been made and no work ins been planned to develop such a siatement 9.2 Bias—This test method has nobias because the value for resistivity is determined solely in terms ofthis test method 10. Keywords 10.1 conductivity; electrical conductor materials; resisivity resistivity of electrical conductor; volume resistivity; weight resistivi EXPLANATORY NOTES Non: Volume resis sed in place of weight resistivity” and “pron sondctas. Resstviy unis ae based on the iteration Amped. Copper Stand UAC) atop by IEC in 1913 which's 158 Cm tC (68°F for 100% conde. The val of 0.017241 mmm and the "ale of 013328 pn at 20°C (68°F are respective the nero ‘uivden! of volume and weigh resist of annexes! Sopper el five sigiicant Res) to 100% conduct Te lar em means hat 2 coper wie | min length and weighing 1g wouldhavearessance of is8a8 0 This equal wo a reiy valve of $75.20 nk ‘hich signe he renstanc of copper we mien ength weighing Ti aso eget, for example © 1.7241 im of length of 3 oppor Ten in eo seston. A compte ices of hi abet contained NBS Handbook 100 The wse f five significant figures in cexpecsing resistivity docs not imply the seed for greater accuncy of mensurenemt than that specified in Test Method BI93. The use of Ave ‘Significant figures i required for reasonably accurate reversibie conver Sion fom one set of resistivity units to another. The equivalent resi ‘valves in Table 3 were derived from the fandameril IEC value (158 ‘smm't) computed to seven significant figures and then rounded to ive significant figures. ‘Now 2—Weight resi ‘ttm and in metre un is expressed m US. customary vais in Ingo tay be calculated a5 Flows: = (WILL IR TABLE 3 Equivalent Resistivity Values for Copper ona a BOE 7) pce IAS. 1090) ame ely semi oat Sion fares van cerere . aga Rainy ‘im ars20 Sgn fe 7 The opal eos y vals for 100% AS (so con were cach computa Fon dhe krdrara IEG value (158 Ati sang conven ac ach ‘accurate at nat on scat gree Corosponsingvalus foobar concise (alum te} may be devs Hom tasaty mappa By he Tcprea ‘ihe eu rase and what ppcable also by he dor aos, bh acute oa lan soven igen Nowe. 85lp 2103 - i weight esi, mie! opm, ‘reght ofthe tet species, I or 8, length ofthe tet specimen, miles orm, 2895 length, used to determine miles o mand 1 measured resistance, 0 Nore 3—Ressiviy and Condutivry Conversion Conversion ofthe ‘ries units of volume resi, wetgt resist, amd conduct ‘maybe frit by employing the formulas an factors shown in Tse aeree 02 (2014) |. The factors given therein are applicable 1 all metalic electrical conductor moter. Tuble 2 lists vale of density, 8 forthe common ‘eis conductor materials. ‘Nom 4 Deniy—Foe the purpose of resiivity and condutivi| ‘conversion, the des of the taro conductor material may be Ken shown in ube 2, baad on 3 tompertre of 20°C (68) However f the conversion fr specication acceptance purposes, the ens we shal be hat spect in he prodct speieston involv AST iran thes ro poston epecig te vay 0! pte hs asared commscton wt ary fom montoned ‘nis tandrd sore Pi aca are wees asd Pat Starinatn of he aks oy ss pas sande ak litnpeman such ip, ae ory frown pont ‘is andar eet vison at any te ty responsi cnc cnet and us be ove vee yar and otro se’ reaped or wronn Yor arent ete ater vs i sd i wal rds ‘rd shad be assed ASTM reaona Heackrtors.Yur anre'slacve ae cores 22 as Oe ‘sponse acca connie, wih you may ate ou lela yor commas have Mt oso 3a hash yu as Imo your ews kro oe ASTM Corte on Sanaa he sess shown Boos ‘is sandr coyghe by AST Iran 100 Bar Hater De, PO Box C70, Woe Conahbockan, PA 10428-2989, nied Stes Ia aps (singe or re copes) fs stra may ce cand by Sac ASTM a th ae ‘actress or at 6104322068 (hove), 6108520555 (au, oF ‘somes asm. (emai) or traugh te ASTM webate {Grom asarong) Parison sits 0 pany the std may koe sacred rem the ASTM nabs (aS! Sonne. 86