Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
Schools Division Office I Pangasinan
BAYAMBANG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Bayambang, Pangasinan

13 Visual Information and Media

MODULE QUARTER

YOUR TARGETS

Learning Competencies
A. Describe the different dimensions of visual information and media.
B. Analyze how the different dimensions are formally and informally produced, organized, and disseminated.
C. Evaluate a creative visual information and media form.
D. Produce a creative visual-based presentation using design principles and elements.

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
1. Identify the different design elements and principles applied on a visual information and media.
2. Evaluate the visual information and media using design framework.
3. Create a visual-based presentation by applying the design principles and elements.

LESSON PROPER
What are Visual information and media?

Visual information and media are materials, programs, applications and the like that teachers and students use to formulate new
information to aid learning through the use, analysis, evaluation and production of visual images.
Visual Media - refers to all possible media technologies to reach a large number of audiences.
Types of Visual Media are videos, photography, infographics, comic strips, memes, screenshots, data visualization (charts and
graphs), and visual note-taking.
Visual Information - is the source of data or information represented visually. It also refers to the artistic or creative interpretation
or representation of a concept, idea, or emotion using the different types of media.

Common Visual Media File Types

1. JPEG (also known as JPG), file types ending in .jpg
JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group, which created this standard for this type of image formatting. JPEG files
are images that have been compressed to store a lot of information in a small-size file. Most digital cameras store photos in
JPEG format, because then you can take more photos on one camera card than you can with other formats.
2. TIFF (also known as TIF), file types ending in .tif
TIFF stands for Tagged Image File Format. TIFF images create very large file sizes. TIFF images are uncompressed and thus
contain a lot of detailed image data (which is why the files are so big) TIFFs are also extremely flexible in terms of color (they
can be grayscale, or CMYK for print, or RGB for web) and content (layers, image tags).
3. GIF, file types ending in .gif
GIF stands for Graphic Interchange Format. This format compresses images but, as different from JPEG, the compression is
lossless (no detail is lost in the compression, but the file can’t be made as small as a JPEG). GIFs also have an extremely
limited color range suitable for the web but not for printing. This format is never used for photography, because of the limited
number of colors. GIFs can also be used for animations.
4. PNG, file types ending in .png
PNG stands for Portable Network Graphics. It was created as an open format to replace GIF, because the patent for GIF was
owned by one company and nobody else wanted to pay licensing fees. It also allows for a full range of color and better
compression. It’s used almost exclusively for web images, never for print images. For photographs, PNG is not as good as

Learning Module in Media and Information Literacy Module #13 Page 1 of 4

JPEG, because it creates a larger file. But for images with some text, or line art, it’s better, because the images look less
“bitmappy.”
5. BMP. Short for "Bitmap." It can be pronounced as "bump," "B-M-P," or simply a "bitmap image." The BMP format is a
commonly used raster graphic format for saving image files. It was introduced on the Windows platform, but is now recognized
by many programs on both Macs and PCs.

Formally and informally produced visual media

▪ Visual media produced by formal organizations such as schools, government, and established media/publishing outfits are
considered formally produced. Other visual media are considered informally produced.

Purpose of visual information

▪ The primary purpose of visual information is to gain attention, create meaning, and facilitate retention.

Design Principles and Elements

The elements and principles of design are the building blocks used to create a work of art. The elements of design can be
thought of as the things that make up a painting, drawing, design etc. Good or bad - all paintings will contain most of if not all,
the seven elements of design. The principles of design can be thought of as what we do to the elements of design. How we
apply the principles of design determines how successful we are in creating a work of art.

Visual Design Elements

▪ The building blocks or basic units in the construction of a visual image.
Design Elements are:
1. Line - describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and can be thick or thin. Lines may be actual implied as vertical,
horizontal, diagonal, or contour lines.
2. Shape - this element is the result when lines meet. In the field of design, shapes can either be geometric (square, triangle)
or organic (snowflakes, turtle’s shell, sunflower).
3. Space - this is the distance between two subjects. It can either have two (length and width) or three dimensions. Depth and
volume are both present in all objects illustrated in a three-dimensional space.
4. Value - the degree of light and dark in a design. It is the contrast between black and white and all the tones in between. Value
can be used with color as well as black and white. Contrast is the extreme changes between values.
5. Texture - the way a surface feels or is perceived to feel. Texture can be added to attract or repel interest to a visual element.
Visual texture is the illusion of the surfaces peaks and valleys, resulting in a feeling of smoothness or roughness in objects.
6. Color - determined by its hue (name of color), intensity (purity of the hue), and value (lightness or darkness of hue). Color
and color combination can play a large role in the design. Color may be used for emphasis, or may elicit emotions from viewers.
Color maybe warm, cool, or neutral. It plays a major role in our visual perception, as it influences our reactions about the world
around us. It is therefore important to create color palettes that evoke the appropriate audience reactions. Color has three
properties.
7. Form - a figure having volume and thickness. An illusion of a 3-dimensional object can be implied with the use of light and
shading. Form can be viewed from many angles.

Visual Design Principles are:

1. Consistency of margins, typeface, typestyle, and colors is necessary, especially in slide presentations or documents that
are more than one page.
2. Center of interest is an area that first attracts attention in a composition. This area is more important when compared to the
other objects or elements in a composition. This can be by contrast of values, more colors, and placement in the format.
3. Balance is the feeling of visual equality in shape, form, value, color, etc. Balance can be symmetrical and evenly balanced,
or asymmetrical and un-evenly balanced. Objects, values, colors, textures, shapes, forms, etc. can be used in creating balance
in a composition.
4. Harmony brings together a composition with similar units. If for example your composition was using wavy lines and organic
shapes, you would stay with those types of lines and not put in just one geometric shape.
5. Contrast offers some change in value creating a visual discord in a composition. Contrast shows the difference between
shapes and can be used as a background to bring objects out and forward in a design. It can also be used to create an area of
emphasis.
6. Directional Movement is the visual flow through the composition. It can be the suggestion of motion in a design as you move
from object to object by way of placement and position. Directional movement can be created with a value pattern. It is with the
placement of dark and light areas that you can move your attention through the format.
7. Rhythm is the movement in which some elements recur regularly. Like a dance, it will have a flow of objects that will seem
to be like the beat of music.
8. Perspective is created through the arrangement of objects in two-dimensional space to look like they appear in real life.
Perspective is a learned meaning of the relationship between different objects seen in space.

Information Graphics or Infographics - are graphic visual representations of Information, data or knowledge intended to
present information quickly and clearly.

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 WHAT I CAN DO
Activity # 1: Let’s Create! (Performance Task)

SAFETY TIPS INFOGRAPHICS

Direction: Create text and visual information media (specifically, an Infographics) informing people of valuable information that
they need to know about a certain situation. You can draw it or make it in a digital format. Draw or print it in a long coupon bond
(8.5x13). Be creative and have originality.
Examples of topics are safety tips during summer season, safety tips while on the workplace, tips for home safety, safety
tips to avoid Covid-19, safety tips while driving or other topic about safety tips that you prefer. Choose only one topic.
Remember to cite the sources of the borrowed information, pictures or graphics that you used in creating your infographics.
Put the citation below of your infographics.

Sample of Infographics

Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=
21901255710150 0&set=a.266352763392370

REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITY
Activity # 2: Think and Analyze

Direction: Based on the given infographics below, identify at least five (5) design elements and principles applied on it and
briefly explain why? Put your answer in a yellow sheet of paper or long coupon bond (8.5x13).

Learning Module in Media and Information Literacy Module #13 Page 3 of 4

Activity # 3: Design Framework for the Magazine Cover

Direction: Based on the given magazine cover below, evaluate its visual appearance by filling up the Media and Information
Design framework. Answer briefly the guide questions. Put your answer in a yellow sheet of paper or long coupon bond (8.5x13).

MIL Design Framework

Component Guide Questions Answers
Target Audience Who is the intended audience?
Key Content What is the topic or message? What are the
facts?
Purpose What is the intention of the magazine?
Form / Style How was the information presented?
Did it make use of appropriate design elements
and principles?
Medium / Format Is this the best platform to use? Why?

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