Environmental Studies

Subject : Environmental Study (Est)
Topic: How to manage Solid waste

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• What is solid waste?
• Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known
as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is
a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the
public. "Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as in
a garbage disposal;the two are sometimes collected separately. In
the European Union, the semantic definition is 'mixed municipal
waste,' given waste code 20 03 01 in the European Waste Catalog.
Although the waste may originate from a number of sources that has
nothing to do with a municipality, the traditional role of municipalities
in collecting and managing these kinds of waste have produced the
particular etymology 'municipal.'
• Types of Solid waste
• Household Hazardous Waste (HHW)
• Asbestos.
• Construction and Demolition Debris.
• Industrial/Commercial Waste.
• Hazardous Waste Lamps.
• Regulated Medical Waste.
• Used Electronic Equipment.
• Used Oil.
Household hazardous waste (HHW), sometimes called retail hazardous
waste or "home generated special materials', is post-consumer
waste which qualifies as hazardous waste when discarded. It includes
household chemicals and other substances for which the owner no
longer has a use, such as consumer products sold for home
care, personal care, automotive care, pest control and other purposes.
These products exhibit many of the same dangerous characteristics as
fully regulated hazardous waste due to their potential for reactivity,
ignitability, corrosivity, toxicity persistence.
• Asbestos
• Asbestos (pronounced: /æsˈbɛstɒs/ or /æsˈbɛstəs/) is a naturally
occurring fibrous silicate mineral. There are six types, all of which are
composed of long and thin fibrous crystals, each fibre being
composed of many microscopic "fibrils" that can be released into the
atmosphere by abrasion and other processes. Asbestos is an
excellent electrical insulator and is highly heat-resistant, so for many
years it was used as a building material.[1] However, it is now a
notorious health and safety hazard and the use of asbestos as a
building material is illegal in many countries. Inhalation of asbestos
fibres can lead to various serious lung conditions,
including asbestosis and cancer.[2]
• Construction and demolition debris
• Construction and demolition materials are created during the process
of creating a new building or structure or when renovating or
demolishing an existing structure. These materials are usually heavy
materials used in large volumes in modern construction, such
as concrete, steel, wood, asphalt and gypsum. Of total waste in the
United States, 90% comes from the demolition of structures, while
waste generated during construction accounts for less than
10%.[1] Construction waste frequently includes small amount of
hazardous materials that require they be disposed of differently than
most construction waste, such as fluorescent lights, batteries, and
other electrical equipment.[2]
• Industrial waste
• Water pollution has many sources. The most polluting of them are the
city sewage and industrial waste discharged into the rivers. Industrial
waste is defined as waste generated by manufacturing or industrial
processes. The types of industrial waste generated include cafeteria
garbage, dirt and gravel, masonry and concrete, scrap metals, trash, oil,
solvents, chemicals, weed grass and trees, wood and scrap lumber, and
similar wastes. Industrial solid waste - which may be solid, liquid or gases
held in containers - is divided into hazardous and non-hazardous waste.
Hazardous waste may result from manufacturing or other industrial
processes. Certain commercial products such as cleaning fluids, paints or
pesticides discarded by commercial establishments or individuals can also
be defined as hazardous waste.
• Hazardous waste lamps
• Waste light bulbs and lamps may be hazardous waste because of the materials
that they contain. Fluorescent lamps are often hazardous wastes due to their
mercury content and LED light bulbs may be hazardous waste due to the lead
solder used in their circuit boards.
• The following types of waste light bulbs and lamps may be hazardous waste:
• Fluorescent (CFLs, tubes, etc.)*
• LED (bulbs, bars, etc.)
• High-intensity discharge (HID)*
• Neon*
• Mercury vapor*
• High pressure sodium*
• Metal halide*
• How to manage solid waste ?
• Garbage arising from human or animal activities, that is
abandoned as unwanted and useless is referred as solid waste.
Generally, it is generated from industrial, residential and
commercial activities in a given area, and may be handled in a
variety of ways. However, waste can be categorized based on
materials such as paper, plastic, glass, metal and organic waste.
Solid waste disposal must be managed systematically to ensure
environmental best practices. Solid waste disposal and
management is a critical aspect of environmental hygiene and it
needs to be incorporated into environmental planning.
• Solid waste disposal and management includes planning,
administrative, financial, engineering and legal functions. It is
typically the job of the generator, subject to local, national and
even international authorities.
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Environmental Studies

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Subject : Environmental Study (Est)

Topic: How to manage Solid waste

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