10

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
Behavior of Gases
 What I Know

Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following characteristics best describes gas?
a. Gases are lighter than air.
b. Gases have high densities.
c. Gases exhibit similar chemical behavior.
d. Gases do not have definite shape and volume.
2. How are gas particles described according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory?
a. Gases have mass.
b. Gas particles move rapidly in straight lines, travel constantly, and in a
random direction.
c. Gas particles collide with each other and with the walls of the container
in a perfectly elastic manner.
d. All of the above
3. Which of the following changes will result in a decrease in gas pressure?
a. Adding more gas particles
b. Increasing the temperature
c. Liquefying the gas particles
d. Increasing the volume of the container
4. Which gas law describes the relationship between pressure and volume at
constant temperature?
a. Avogadro’s Law c. Charles’ Law
b. Boyle’s Law d. Gay-Lussac’s Law
5. Which of the following is not equal to 1.00 atm of pressure?
a. 760 cm Hg c. 760 torr
b. 760 mm Hg d. 101,325 Pa
6. Which gas law is a combination of all gas laws?
a. Boyle’s Law c. Gay-Lussac’s Law
b. Charles’ Law d. Ideal gas Law
7. Which of the following is the standard unit of volume?
a. liter b. mm Hg c. second d. torr
8. Who formulated the law which states that the volume of a fixed amount of gas at
constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature?
a. Amedeo Avogadro c. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
b. Jacques Alexander d. Charles Robert Boyle
9. Which of the following best describes Avogadro’s Law?
a. At constant pressure and volume, the temperature of a gas is directly
related to its number of moles
b. At constant temperature and pressure, the volume of gas is directly
related to its number of moles
 c. At constant volume and number of moles, the temperature of a gas is
directly related to its pressure
d. At constant volume and temperature, the pressure of a gas is directly
related to its number of moles
10. Which of the following expresses an inverse proportionality?
a. As n increases, P increases c. As P increases, V decreases
b. As n increases, V increases d. As T decreases, P decreases

Lesson

1 Describing Gases

There are three states of matter, namely solids, liquids, and gases. All states
of matter differ in their properties based on the arrangement of their particles. Solid
particles are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern, liquid particles are close
together with no regular arrangement, while gas particles are well separated with no
regular arrangement.

What’s In

Activity 1: FACT OR BLUFF

Directions: Write the word FACT if the statement discusses factual information and
BLUFF if otherwise. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Gases have low densities.

2. Water vapor is a mixture of gas.
3. Ozone is a gas at room temperature.
4. Gases expand when more pressure is applied.
5. Gases assume the volume and shape of their containers.
6. Gases are the most studied and easily understood states of matter.
7. The higher the temperature of a gas, the slower its particles are moving.
8. Under normal atmospheric conditions, there are only eight elements that are
gases.
9. At STP, the standard temperature and pressure are 273 K and 1 atm, respectively.
10. Gases are so compressible because they consist mostly of empty space
between particles.
 What is It

Properties of Gases
Gas is the state of matter that has particles that are freely moving and are far
from each other, which makes them highly compressible.
Gases have important fundamental properties that are measurable such as
volume, pressure, temperature, and the amount of the gas or the number of moles.
Volume
Volume, which is one of the measurable properties of gas, is denoted by the
symbol V. It is the amount of space occupied by a gas sample. Its SI unit is liters (L).
It can also be expressed in milliliters (mL), cubic centimeter (cm3), cubic meter (m3),
and cubic decimeter (dm3).

1 L = 1 dm3 = 1000 mL = 1000 cm3

Pressure
Pressure is the next important measurable property of the gas, which is
denoted by the symbol P. Pressure of the gas is the force exerted by the gas per unit
area. In equation:

Pressure (P) = force (F) / area (A)

The SI unit used for pressure is Pascal (Pa), named after Blaise Pascal. This
unit is equivalent to a force of 1 newton, acting on 1 square meter.

1 Pa = 1 N / 1 m2

Other units of pressure are atmosphere (atm), millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

Torr, bar, kilopascal (kPa), and pounds per square inch (psi).

1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr = 1.01325 bar = 101.325 kPa = 101.325 x 103 Nm 3

Temperature

The temperature is denoted by the letter T. The temperature of a gas depends

on its kinetic energy. Gases expand when the temperature is increased. The
temperature of a gas is expressed in degree Fahrenheit (oF), degree Celsius (oC), or
Kelvin (K).

Though we often use the degree Celsius when dealing with temperature
involving gases, we always express it in Kelvin temperature. The unit Kelvin was
named after Lord Kelvin, a Scottish physicist who has identified the lowest attainable
temperature known as absolute zero with a value of -273oC, hence, the Kelvin
temperature scale.

To convert Celsius to Kelvin, we use the equation K = oC + 273

Amount or Number of Moles

The amount of gas (or mass) is another measurable property of gas. The mass
of the gas is related to its number of moles and is generally expressed in kilogram
(kg) or gram (g).

Number of moles = mass of the gas/molar mass of the gas

In symbols, n = m /M

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases

The properties of gases can be explained in terms of their molecular motion.

The ideas about molecular motion were developed into the kinetic molecular theory
by Rudolf Clausius, James Maxwell, and Ludwig Boltzmann. The kinetic molecular
theory of gases could help us understand the behavior of gases. Its postulates are
the following:

1. A gas consists of very small particles. The particles are in constant, random, and
straight-line motion.
2. The particles of a gas are separated by distances much larger than their size. The
attractive forces between particles are negligible, and the particles act
independently of one another.
3. The gas particles collide with each other and with the walls of the container in a
perfectly elastic manner. After each collision, the total energy of the system is the
same.
4. The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is proportional to the absolute
(Kelvin) temperature. As the temperature increases, the gas particles move faster.
 What’s More
Activity 2. Kinetic Molecular Theory
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is accurate or FALSE if otherwise. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The particles are in constant, random, and straight-line motion.
2. The attractive forces among particles are negligible.
3. The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is equal to the absolute
temperature.
4. The collision of the particles with each other and with the walls of the container
changes the kinetic energy of the particles.
5. The particles of a gas are separated by distances much larger than their size.
6. The gas particles occupy a negligible volume.
7. Collisions among molecules are perfectly inelastic.
8. After each collision, the total energy of the system is the same.
9. The repulsive forces among particles are negligible.
10. At higher temperatures, the collision of the gas particles with the walls of the
container becomes more often and with more force, thus producing a lesser
pressure.

Activity 3: Practice Math

Directions: Solve the following problems. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. A mountaineer experiences a pressure drop as he climbs up a mountain. On his

way up, the pressure drops to 476 mmHg. What is the pressure in atm?

2. What will be the equivalent value of 87oC in Kelvin?

3. What is the amount of gas (in moles) of 13.6 g of NH3?

(N = 14 g/mol, H = 1 g/mol)
 Lesson

2 Gas Laws

The four measurable properties of gases such as pressure, volume,

temperature, and the number of moles are related to each other. If one of these
variables is changed, there is a corresponding change in other variables depending
on their relationship. Gas law equations can be derived whenever one of these
variables is altered.

There are four main gas laws. These are Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, Gay-
Lussac's Law, and Avogadro’s Law. The combination of Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law
is known as the Combined Gas Law while the relationship between variables used by
the four main gas laws is explained by the Ideal Gas Law.

What’s In

Activity 4: Match Me
Directions: Identify the given pictures below by choosing the appropriate answers
found inside the word pool. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Gas and volume Gas and temperature Gas and Pressure Gas and amount of gas

A. C.

https://images.app.goo.gl/2TytLmjm35Fpm1gkg https://images.app.goo.gl/hk5NeRb8wRLrNoBNA

B. D.

https://images.app.goo.gl/4SM7dRx2XoKvlSEw5 https://images.app.goo.gl/iZ9QfodQAjBd3T1P8
 What’s New
Activity 5:

Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Combined Gas Law A. Volume is inversely proportional to pressure.
2. Avogadro’s law B. Volume is directly proportional to temperature.
C. Pressure is directly proportional to temperature.
3. Boyle’s Law

4. Ideal Gas Law D. Pressure and volume are inversely proportional

to each other, but are both directly
proportional to the temperature.
5. Gay Lussac’s Law E. Volume is directly related to the number of
moles.
6. Charles’ Law F. Pressure is directly related to mass.
G. Volume is directly proportional to the number
of moles and temperature and inversely
proportional to pressure.

What is It

Boyle’s Law
Robert Boyle, an English chemist was the first to investigate the relationship
between the pressure of a gas and its volume at a constant temperature. Based on
his experiment made wherein he trapped a fixed amount of air in a J-tube and
changed the pressure at a constant temperature, he found out that as the pressure
increases, the volume decreases. He then concluded that the volume occupied by the
fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at a constant
temperature.

Boyle’s Law can be expressed by the following equation:

1
V at constant T and n
P
Where:
V = volume, P = pressure, T = temperature, n = amount of gas
 To change the proportionality sign to an equal sign, the proportionality constant k,
is introduced
1
V =k or PV = k
P
For a given sample of gas under two different conditions at a constant temperature,
the product of pressure and volume is constant, and it is written as follows:

P1V1 = P2V2
Where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume; P2 and V2 are the final pressure
and volume at constant temperature and the same amount of gas.
In Boyle’s law, the following formulas are to be used when three variables are given
and one is unknown:

P1 = P2V2/V1 P2 = P1V1/V2 V1 = P2V2/P1 V2 = P1V1/P2

(https://images.app.goo.gl/gVhLsvtnwPpmDeC6A]
Schematic illustration of Boyle’s Law
Example:
A sample of nitrogen gas (N2) has a volume of 12.0 L and a pressure of 760.0
mm Hg. When the gas is released, it gives 32.0 L of nitrogen. If the temperature is
the same, what is the new pressure of nitrogen?
Given:
P1 = 760.0 mm Hg V1 = 12.0 L
V2 = 32.0 L
Find: P2
Solution:

Derive the equation for P2 using Boyle’s law (P1V1 = P2V2)

P1V1
P2 =
V2
Then, substitute the given values to the equation
760.0 mm Hg x 12.0 L
P2 =
32.0 L
P2 = 285 mm Hg

Kinetic Molecular Theory and Boyle’s Law

The kinetic molecular theory of gas helps us understand the inverse
relationship between pressure and volume. Pressure is created when gas particles
collide with the walls of the container, and every time a gas particle collides with the
wall, it exerts a force on the container wall. As the average force exerted by the gas
particles increases, the pressure of gas increases, thus decreasing the volume of the
gas.
Charles’ Law
French physicist Jacques Charles determined the volume-temperature
relationship in gases. From his experiment on balloons, Charles observed that, at
constant pressure, the volume of gas increases with every increase in temperature.
Also, volume decreases as temperature decreases.
Charles’ law states that the volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant
pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

Charles’ Law can be expressed by the equation

V T at constant P and n

Where:
V = volume, P = pressure, T = temperature, n = amount of gas

To change the proportionality, sign to an equal sign, the proportionality constant k,

is introduced.

V
V =kT or k =
T
For a given sample of gas under two different conditions, you will arrive at the
following equations:

V1 V2
= k and = k
T1 T2
V1 V2
=
T1 T2
Where V1 and T1 are the initial volume and temperature; V2 and T2 are the final
volume and temperature at constant pressure and the same amount of gas
In Charles’ law, the following formulas are to be used when three variables are
given and one is unknown:

V1 = V2T1/T2 V2 = V1T2/T1 T1 = V1T2/V2 T2 = V2T1/V1

(https://images.app.goo.gl/NPKXEV2HQvZPQ28i8)
Schematic diagram of Charles’ Law
Example:
A mountain climber inhales 484.0 mL of air at a temperature of -10.0oC. What
volume (in mL) will the air occupy in the mountain climber’s lungs if his body
temperature is 37.0oC assuming that the pressure remains the same?

Given:

V1 = 484.0 mL T1 = -10.0oC

T2 = 37.0oC
Find: V2
Solution:

Change the temperature to Kelvin when they are given in Celsius.

T1 = -10.0oC + 273 = 263 K

T1 = 37.0oC + 273 = 310 K
Rearrange the gas law and derive the equation for V2, then substitute
the given values.

V1T2
V2 =
T1
Then, substitute the given values to the equation
484.0 mL x 310 K
V2 =
263 K
V2 = 570.49 mL ≈ 570 mL
Kinetic Molecular Theory and Charles’ Law
From the kinetic molecular theory, the average kinetic energy of gas particles
is directly proportional to the temperature of a gas. The particle’s average kinetic
energy is related to its speed. When the temperature of the gas is increased, the
particles move at a higher speed. This results in frequent collision of the particles
with the walls of the container, so the gas particles exert a greater force on the walls.
Gay-Lussac’s Law
The person who is credited with the determination of the temperature-
pressure relationship in gases at constant volume is Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac. He
deduced that the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to its temperature.
Gay-Lussac’s Law states that, at constant volume, the pressure of a fixed
amount of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

Gay-Lussac’s Law can be expressed by the equation

P T at constant V and n
Where:
V = volume, P = pressure, T = temperature, n = amount of gas
To change the proportionality sign to an equal sign, the proportionality
constant k is introduced
P
P =kT or k=
T
For a given sample of gas under two different conditions, you will arrive at the
following equations:

P1 P2
= k and = k
T1 T2

P1 P2
=
T1 T2

Where P1 and T1 are the initial pressure and temperature; P2 and T2 are the final
pressure and temperature at a constant volume and the same amount of gas
In Gay-Lussac’s law, the following formulas are to be used when three
variables are given and one is unknown:

P1 = P2T1/T2 P2 = P1T2/T1 T1 = P1T2/P2 T2 = P2T1/P1

https://images.app.goo.gl/DYk4mMvrsiZ9vuqm6
Schematic diagram of Gay Lussac’s Law
Example:
What will happen to a can of paint spray containing only the propellant at a
pressure of 750.0 torr at 30.0oC if it is thrown into a heap of garbage burning at
165.0oC?

Given:

P1 = 750.0 torr T1 = 30.0oC + 273 = 303 K

T2 = 165.0oC + 273 = 438 K
Find: P2
Solution:

Derive the equation for P2 using Gay-Lussac’s law (P1/T1 = P2/T2)

P1T2
P2 =
T1
Then, substitute the given values to the equation
 750.0 torr x 438 K
P2 = = 1,084 torr
303 K
Combined Gas Law
Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law can be combined and treated as a single law,
called the combined gas law, which describes the pressure-volume-temperature
relationship of a constant amount of gas.
The pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional to each other but
are both directly proportional to the temperature of that gas.
Translating it to the mathematical equation:

1
V or PV T or PV = constant
P

PV
= k
T

At constant n, or mole, the equation is:

P1V1 P2V2
=
T1 T2

Where P1, V1, and T1 are the initial pressure, volume, and temperature; P2, V2, and
T2 are the final pressure, volume, and temperature at a constant amount of gas
In Boyle’s law, the following formulas are to be used when five variables are
given and one is unknown:
P1 = P2V2T1/V1T2 V1 = P2V2T1/P1T2 T1 = P1V1T2/P2V2
P2 = P1V1T2/V2T1 V2 = P1V1T2/P2T1 T2 = P2V2T1/P1V1
Example:
A 20.0 mL bubble is released from a tank at a pressure of 4.0 atm and a
temperature of 10.0oC. What will be the volume of the bubble when it reaches the
water surface, where the pressure is 1.0 atm and the temperature is 19.0oC??

Given:
P1 = 4.0 atm T1 = 10.0oC V1 = 20.0 mL P2 = 1.0 atm T2 = 19.0oC Find: V2
Solution:
Change the temperature to Kelvin when they are given in Celsius.
T1 = 10.0oC + 273 = 283 K T2 = 19.0oC + 273 = 292 K
Derive the equation for the unknown from the combined gas law

P1V1T2
V2 =
P2 T1
 Substitute the values, then solve for the unknown
(4.0 atm)(20.0 mL)( 292 K)
(1.0 atm)(283 K)

V2 = = 82.5 mL
Avogadro’s Law
When you inflate a balloon, its volume increases because you add more air
molecules. If the balloon has a small hole, the air leaks out and causes the air volume
to decrease. Amedeo Avogadro, an Italian chemist, and physicist formulated
Avogadro’s Law, which states that at constant temperature and pressure, the volume
of a gas is directly related to its number of moles.
This law is expressed as:

V n at constant P and T

V
V =kn or k=
n

V1 V2
=
n1 n2

Where V1 and n1 are the initial volume and amount of gas; V2 and n2 are the final
volume and amount of gas at constant pressure and temperature.
In Avogadro’s law, the following formulas are to be used when three variables
are given and one is unknown:

V1 = V2n1/n2 V2 = V1n2/n1 n1 = V1n2/V2 n2 = V2n1/V1

Example:
A weather balloon filled with 2.0 mol helium has a volume of 40.0 L. To what
volume, in L, will the balloon expand if 4.0 mol of helium is added, to give a total of
6.0 mol of helium keeping the temperature and pressure the same?

Given: V1 = 40.0 L n1 = 2.0 mol n2 = 6.0 mol

Find: V2
Solution:
Derive the equation for V2 using Avogadro’s law. Substitute the given
values, the solve for the unknown.

n2V1 (6.0 mol)(4.0 L)

V2 = = = 12.0 L
n1 2.0 mol
Ideal Gas Law
At this point, different gas laws – Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, Gay-Lussac’s law,
and Avogadro’s law have been discussed. The equations representing these laws may
be combined to arrive at one equation that interrelates pressure (P), volume (V),
temperature (T), and the amount of gas (n). This combination gives the expression
called Ideal gas law. The different equations that comprise the ideal gas equation are
the following:

Boyle’s law:
V 1 at constant T and n
P

Charles’ law: V T at constant P and n

Gay-Lussac’s law: P T at constant V and n

Avogadro’s law: V n at constant P and T

Combining these laws gives a more general equation below:

V nT /P

The proportionality sign can be replaced by an equality sign by introducing a

proportionality constant R:
nT
V = (R)
P
The constant R is known as the universal gas constant with a value of
0.0821 L-atm/mol-K.
In the ideal gas law, the following formulas are to be used when three variables
are given and one is unknown:

P = RnT/V n = PV/RT T = PV/nR

Example:
6.5 moles of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas are present in a container with a volume
of 31.5 L. What is the pressure of this gas in atm if the temperature is 65oC?

Given: n = 6.5 moles T = 65.0oC + 273 K = 338 K

V = 31.5 L R = 0.0821 L-atm /mol-K

Find: P
Solution: Derive the P from the ideal gas law, then solve for it.
nRT (6.5 moles)(0.0821 atm-L/mol-K)(338 K)
P= =
V (31.5 L)

P= 5.73 atm
 What’s More
Activity 6: Crossword Puzzle
Directions: Complete the puzzle below. Use the descriptions given below for your
answers. Do this on a separate sheet of paper.

Across

1. The law which considers the changes in pressure, volume, and temperature
in a single relationship.
2. The law which states that volume is inversely proportional to pressure.
3. It has a value of 0.0821 atm-L/mol-K.
4. The amount of gas is also known as __________.
5. The law which interrelates pressure, temperature, volume, and the amount of
gas.
6. The law which states that the volume of gas is directly related to its number
of moles.
Down

1. The law which states that the temperature and volume of a gas are directly
related to each other.
2. The law which states that pressure is directly proportional to temperature.
3. Absolute temperature
4. STP means ________ temperature and pressure
Activity 7: Problem Solving
Directions: Analyze and solve the following problems on a separate sheet of paper.
Show your solutions.

1. At 0oC and 5 atm, a given sample of gas occupies 75 L. The gas is compressed to
a final volume of 30 L. What is the final pressure?
2. A 15 L container is filled with gas to a pressure of 2 atm at 0 oC. At what
temperature will the pressure inside the container be 2.75 atm?
3. Under constant pressure, a sample of hydrogen gas initially at 85oC and 7.2 L is
cooled until its final volume is 4.1 L. What is the final temperature?
4. The volume of a sample of gas is 750 mL at 60oC and 0.7 atm. At what
temperature will the sample 1.0 L occupy under a pressure of 1 atm?
5. A balloon containing 2 moles of helium has a volume of 0.8 L. What would the
volume be if 3.5 moles of helium are added to the balloon?
6. A sample of gas occupies 10 L of space at STP. How many moles of gas are present
in the sample?

What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the summary below by filling in the blank
spaces with appropriate words. You may choose the words from the textbox provided.
The words can be used more than once. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

Gas Boyle’s Law perfectly elastic Kinetic Molecular Theory

Volume Charles’ law Robert Boyle amount of gas negligible

Gas law equations total energy average kinetic energy pressure

Avogadro’s law ideal gas law Gay-Lussac’s law related

Combined gas law Temperature Amedeo Avogadro particles

Molecular motion Jacques Charles Joseph Gay-Lussac faster

increases

(1)____ is the state of matter which has particles that are freely moving and
are far from each other, which makes them highly compressible. Gases have
important fundamental properties that are measurable such as (2)______, (3)________,
(4)_____, and (5)_____. The four measurable properties of gases are (6)_____ to each
other. If one of these variables is changed, there is a corresponding change in other
variables depending on its relationship. (7)_______ can be derived whenever one of
these variables is altered.

The gas laws are (8)_____, (9)_____, (10)_____ and (11)______. The combination
of Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law is known as the (12)_______ while the relationship
between variables used by the four main gas laws is explained by the (13)____.
(14)_____, an English chemist was the first to investigate the relationship between
the pressure of a gas and its volume at a constant temperature. French physicist,
(15)______ determined the volume-temperature relationship in gases. The person who
is credited with the determination of the temperature-pressure relationship in gases
at constant volume is (16)_____. (17)_____, an Italian chemist and physicist,
formulated the law, which states that at constant temperature and pressure, the
volume of a gas is directly related to its number of moles.

The properties of gases can be explained in terms of their (18)____. The

(19)_____ of gases is a model that could help us understand the behavior of gases. Its
postulates are the following:

a. A gas consists of very small (20)_____. The particles are in constant,

random, and straight-line motion.
b. The particles of a gas are separated by distances much larger than their
size. The attractive forces between particles are (21)____, and the particles
act independently of one another.
c. The gas particles collide with each other and with the walls of the container
in (22)______ manner. After each collision, the (23)_____ of the system is
the same.
d. The (24)_____ of the gas particles is proportional to the absolute (kelvin)
temperature. As the temperature increases, the gas particles move
(25)_____.

Assessment
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which law best describes the relationship between pressure and volume?
a. Avogadro’s law
b. Boyle’s law
c. Charles’ law
d. Gay-Lussac’s law
2. Who formulated the law about the relationship between the number of moles and
the amount of gas?
a. Robert Boyle
b. Amedeo Avogadro
c. Jacques Charles
d. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
3.
doubled?
a. The volume is doubled.
b. The volume is reduced to one-half.
c. The volume is increased four times.
d. The volume is reduced to one-fourth.
4. The following expresses a direct proportionality EXCEPT for ______.
a. As n increases, P increases
b. As n increases, V increases
c. As P increases, V decreases
d. As T decreases, P decreases
5. Which of the following is the formula of R in the ideal gas law equation?
a. R = PV/nT
b. R = nT/PV
c. R = nPV/T
d. R = T/nPV
6. What is the value of absolute zero in degrees Celsius (oC)?
a. 0
b. 273
c. 373
d. -273
7. What do you expect to happen to the volume of a gas if its pressure is doubled
and its temperature is reduced to half?
a. Volume is doubled.
b. Volume is decreased.
c. Volume is increased.
d. Volume remains unchanged.
8. What kind of movement is exhibited by gas molecules?
a. Constant motion
b. Random motion
c. Straight-line motion
d. Combination of a, b, c
9. Which of the following properties of gas is the result of the collision of gas
particles with the walls of the container?
a. Amount of gas
b. Pressure
c. Temperature
d. Volume
10. What is most likely to happen when an aerosol can is heated?
a. The can will tarnish.
b. The can will be deformed.
c. The can will stay the same.
d. The can will eventually explode.