BIBLIOTHECA MUSEI APULENSIS X XIX

THE PIONEERS OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN ALBA IULIA AND BEYOND

ADALBERT CSERNI AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES
ADALBERT CSERNI AND

HIS CONTEMPORARIES
THE PIONEERS OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN ALBA IULIA AND BEYOND

ISBN 978-606-543-915-3

9 786065 439153
BIBL IO THE CA MU SE I APUL ENSIS XXIX
 ALBA COUNT Y COUNCIL
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE UNION ALBA IULIA
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE TRANSYLVANIAN HISTORY CLUJ-NAPO CA
“1 DECEMBRIE 1918” UNIVERSIT Y OF ALBA IULIA

Adalbert Cserni
and his Contemporaries
The Pioneers of Archaeology
in Alba Iulia and Beyond

Editors:
Csaba Szabó
Viorica Rusu-Bolindeț
Gabriel Tiberiu Rustoiu
Mihai Gligor

Editura MEGA
Cluj‑Napoca
2017
 This volume was published with the financial support of the County Council of Alba
and the National Museum of Union, Alba Iulia

Proceedings of the International Conference

„Adalbert Cserni and his Contemporaries. The Pioneers of Archaeology
in Alba Iulia and Beyond”,
held at Alba Iulia, Romania, 15-19th April 2016

Cover:
Dana Șerban‑Gheorghe

Front cover: Archives of the National Museum of Union, Alba Iulia (with the kind permission
of Gabriel Tiberiu Rustoiu).
Back cover: Achim‑Borș, fig. 2, Trapp, fig. 10 and Medvedeva, fig. 2. from this volume (with
the kind permission of the authors).

© Authors, 2017

ISBN 978‑606‑543‑915‑3

Editura Mega | www.edituramega.ro

e‑mail: [email protected]
 Contents

Foreword 9

Introduction 11

Program of the international conference 17

I. THE LIFE AND WORK OF ADALBERT CSERNI

Csaba Szabó
Reconstructing Béla Cserni’s biography 23

Viorica Rusu-Bolindeț
Adalbert Cserni’s contribution at the discovery of Governor’s Palace from
Apulum – old and new perspectives 35

Radu Ota
Adalbert Cserni and the Roman provincial art. Case studies from Apulum 53

II. SOCIAL AND ACADEMIC NETWORK OF THE PIONEERS

OF ARCHAEOLOGY
Irina Achim, Corina Borș
Grigore Tocilescu – a Pioneer of Romanian Archaeology in a European
Perspective 61

Ioan Bejinariu
Fetzer J. Ferencz (1856–1939) and the Archaeology from Sălaj 91

Olivér Gábor
Szőnyi Ottó’s time capsule from 1913 101

Kirill Gusev
The visit of D. N. Anuchin in Europe (1877–1879) and the international
cooperation in archaeology and physical anthropology 113

Eszter Istvánovits
András Jósa and his Contemporaries 119
Jenny Kaurin
Charles Cournault (1815–1904) á la découverte des collections pre-romaines
en Europe de L’Ouest (1873–1880) 131

Emanoil Pripon
Dr. Mártonfi Lajos (1857–1908), a precursor of Transylvanian museology 143

Vladislav Sobolev
People and fates. Pioneers of medieval archaeology in North-Western Russia
(1870–1914) 153

Adrienn Wéber
Juhász László (1842–1911), a pioneer of archaeology and antiquarian as founder
of the Museum of Pécs 167

III. THE BEGINNINGS OF URBAN ARCHAEOLOGY IN EUROPE

Florin-Gheorghe Fodorean
Archaeological sites recorded by Téglás István in the territory of Potaissa 187

Ana Cristina Hamat

Stories about Tibiscum. The research carried out by the priest Iosif Mircea
at the Roman ruins from Jupa 205

Julien Trapp
Johann Baptist Keune and Metz Museums (Moselle, France). The birth
of modern archaeology in the annexed region of Lorraine (1892–1918) 219

IV. FROM ANTIQUARIAN COLLECTIONS TO THE FIRST

MUSEUMS
Cristina Bodó
Archaeological research undertaken by the members of the History and
Archaeology Society of Hunedoara County 235

Delia Roxana Cornea

Unpublished testimonies about the beginnings of museology in Dobrudja
in the late 19th century  251

Evgenia Zastrozhnova
Archaeological materials from the excavations of Phanagoria (19th century)
in the collection of the State Historical Museum (Moscow) 265
V. NATIONALISM AND OTHER IDEOLOGIES
Phil Freeman
The consequences of Francis Haverfield’s visits east of Vienna in the 1880s 275

Heinrich Zabehlicky
A political research-history: The case of Bruckneudorf between Hungary and
Austria 321

Laura Coltofean
Zsófia Torma: A pioneer of prehistoric archaeology in nineteenth-century
Transylvania 327

Béla Santa
In ‘the interest of science... from distant Transylvania’: Zsófia Torma’s research
for British academic patronage 355

Csaba Szabó
Histories of archaeology in Transylvania. A short overview 373

Maria Medvedeva
The Imperial Archaeological Commission (1859–1919) and the national system
of archaeological investigation in Russia 401

Abbreviations 413

List of Contributors 415

 Juhász László (1842–1911), a pioneer of archaeology
and antiquarian as founder of the Museum of Pécs

Adrienn Wéber

Abstract: This paper presents the life of an intellectual from a provincial town of
the Austro-Hungarian Empire, who, despite the financial risks, sacrificed his carrier
as a lawyer and dedicated his life to save the material heritage of Baranya county.
By collecting the archaeological finds of the region, he established a rich private col-
lection which later constituted the basis of the City Museum from Pécs. Beside his
activity as an antiquarian collector, he also participated personally in excavations,
although our sources regarding his field-work are very limited. Even if he was aware
of the limits of his archaeological knowledge, he published the first comprehensive
synthesis on the archaeology of Baranya and Pécs. Juhász published regularly in
the Archaeological Bulletin (Archaeológiai Értesitő) and local journals as well. Due
to his popularizing articles, he became a local “authority” in Pécs, the “archaeolo-
gist of the city”, asked many times to assist rescue excavations. Unfortunately, the
most renowned archaeologists from Hungary never accepted him as an academic
researcher. Six years before the City Museum was founded, he opened his private col-
lection for the greater public. His donation of 6800 objects – among them a signifi-
cant numismatic collection – constitute the basic of the local City Museum. Despite
of his founding role in the local archaeological research, his name was mentioned
only in a short Encyclopedia entry. Because there was no official testimony left from
him, the analysis of his life and academic heritage can only be based on indirect
sources from archives. The main aim of this paper is to fill the lacuna left by former
historiography and to commemorate, at the same time, the 175th year of his birth.

Keywords: pioneers of archaeology; antiquarianism; history of museum-collec-

tions; museology; local history of Pécs-Baranya.

The reason for my choice of subject is that he was an unavoidable perso-

nality of his age, both for local historical, as well as for archaeological research.
The nearly 6800 pieces of objects of his archaeological and ethnographical col-
lection formed the very basis of the (later) municipal museum of Pécs. Many
of them are unique, even until today – although most of them lacks proper
archaeological context. The objects from this collection were and still are the

Cserni and his Contemporaries, Cluj-Napoca, 2017, p. 167–184

168 Adrienn Wéber

subjects of several archaeological studies1, which makes even more conspicuous

the fact that no biography, nor yet a single study have ever been written about
him (their owner/collector), and, moreover, that not a single memorial plaque2
commemorates about his life and deeds – up until now, only a short descrip-
tion of his numismatic work3 and a lexicon-article4 preserved his memory.
The facts that he wasn’t even commemorated in any biographical collec-
tion (biographical encyclopedia, database) of his age5 and of later times6, or that
merely his name and collection were mentioned7, largely increases the difficul-
ties of this research. Likewise, museum historical works8 just mention his col-
lection and his name – they do not give any (further) information with regard
to his life (hi)story. Therefore we can only proceed from primer, co-temporary
source material, which is of very fragmentary and incomplete state, scattered
between diverse locations – briefly, it’s a hard task to find them, and it takes a
long time, as well.
The primary sources of the research can be divided up into two major
groups: manuscripts and contemporary printed sources. Among the manu-
scripts associated with him we can find church and school registers, his let-
ters, private notes and lists, and other people ‘s letters addressed to him, theirs
1
 FÜLEP/BURGER 1974; Bándi 1979; Fülep 1984; Gábor/Nagy 2003–2004; Visy 2013.
Prehistoric clay oven from Pécs-Makáralja (JPM Inv. no.: 426/1939) – Nagy 2003–2004, 106.
Axe mould (Late Bronze Age) from Pécs-Makárhegy (JPM Inv. no.: 404/1939) – Maráz 2013, 74,
Fig. 4. Bronze knives (Late Bronze Age) from Görcsöny and Siklós (JPM Inv. no.: 375–376/1939),
and bronze swords (Late Bronze Age) from Magyartelek and Albertfalu (JPM Inv. no.: 322.
373/1939) – Gábor/Nagy 2003–2004, 117. Arch fibula (Early Iron Age) (JPM Inv. no.: 471/1939)
– Fekete 1985 77, notes 78, Fig. 8.1. Roman building remains with wall painting fragment from
Pécs (Dischka Győző – previously Eötvös – Street) (JPM Inv. no.: 740/1939) – Fülep 1984, 26;
Altar of Hercules from the same place (CIL 03, 15150; RIU 4, no. 965; CSIR Sopianae 6). Bronze
jug with figural ornament from Pécs-Homokbánya Lane (MNM Inv. no.: 62/1902) – Erdélyi
1932–33, Paulovics 1935, 93; Fülep 1984, 70, Pl. XXXIV/1a; Visy 2013, 109, Fig.  14a. Bronze
bucket with handle (Roman Age) from Pécs (JPM Inv. no.: 744/1939) – Fülep 1984, 73, App. no.
42., Visy 2013,145, Fig. 58. Sherd of a terra sigillata bowl with inscription “CRACVNA F” (JPM
Inv. no.: 758/1939) – Gabler 1964, 100; Fülep 1984, 73, App. no. 25.; Nagy 1987–88, 228. Legs
of candelabrum (JPM Inv. no.: 643/1939) – Fülep 1984, 73, App. no. 53. Head of Mithras (JPM
Inv. no.: 844/1939) – Fülep 1984, 74, App. no. 68. Hunnish jug from Dunaszekcső (JPM Inv. no.:
712/1939) – Gábor/Nagy 2003–2004, 122.
2
  Romváry 1982; Romváry 2014.
3
  Raýman/Hágen 2010, 23–24.
4
  Vitári-Wéber 2010.
5
  Várady 1896 (although originally he would have written the prehistorical part of the
monography), Szinnyey 1897.
6
  RNL 1914; TVL 1927; Zsadányi/Klamár 1928; Kalotai 1934; Szeghalmy 1938; ÚML, MÉL,
MNLex, ÚMÉL; Szirtes 2005.
7
  Csekey 1964, 105, nos. 902–905 (= Juhász 1894, 1896a-b, 1901).
8
  Dombay 1956; Sarkadi 1979; Sarkadi 2004; B.  Horváth/Huszár 2003–2004; Nagy
2003–2004.
 Juhász László (1842–1911), a pioneer of archaeology and antiquarian 169

opinion formed about him9, theirs notes relating to him10, and the inventory
books of the municipal museum. The difficulty of the research comes from the
fact that he doesn’t, or very rarely appears in the registers of archives and man-
uscripts depositories, so his archive material can be found sporadically either
in an archive material bounded to another person (Mór Wosinsky, Joseph
Hampel), or in the materials of institutions (Archives of Baranya county of the
National Archives of Hungary, Museum of Pécs). The printed sources relating
to him are school yearbooks, his own publications11, the local press, and the
reports of archaeological journals12 about him.
In terms of methodology, the limited sources require the parallel, closely
related archival and library research, reflecting to each other, which can and
has to be complemented and completed with investigations of specific finds
housed in (various) museums.
As for the archives, since no traces of his legacy were detectable, I had to
conduct research related to another, but still relevant topics (for example to the
history of the Municipial Museum) to find some indirect information about
him – although this method makes the recovery of data admittedly difficult
and quite ticklish, as well. Furthermore, since he has no personal legacy, and
there is no register for the institutional material,13 and therefore the sources
have been analyzed one by one, the archival research about him takes a lot of
time. Moreover, since the amount of these sources is relatively small, and they
appear in a very scattered way over time, the picture of his career which will be
drawn on the basis of them will be, in all likelihood, a rather fragmentary and
gappy one.
With regard to library research, although it revealed that great progress
has been made in the field of digitization in the recent years, when I started
to review the press material of Pécs-Baranya between 1848–1914, I had to face
with the difficulty that it was not digitized at that time, and therefore only
this part of the research took one and a half years. These resources are still
only partially digitized, only in a small compass, so the work with them still
requires traditional methods (reading in paper form or in microfilm). It should
be stressed that the locations of the research are necessarily connected to each
other: specific cases which came to the foreground during press-analysis are
sometimes can also be retrieved from the archive material. After the explora-
tion and evaluation of the resources in archives and libraries, in the course
of the museum research the comparison of the primary archive sources and
9
  Hampel 1895; MNL BaML IV. 410.b.
10
  Hampel 1898.
11
  Juhász 1894; Juhász 1896a-b; Juhász 1901.
12
  Hampel 1896; Gerecze 1896; ArchÉrt 1898.
13
  MNL BaML IV. 1406. o. 161. cs.; JPM Irattár 1902–1911.
170 Adrienn Wéber

materials from the library with the artifacts of the museum will also be nec-
essary. Hopefully, this process will make possible the re-contextualization of
some archaeological finds without archaeological context, or at least their
assignation to a given locality.
On the basis of the school registers, László Juhász was born in 1842,
in Pest. Based on the church register it seems likely that he was born in
Szentmártonkáta (it’s also located in Pest country), as a child of József Juhász
und Anna Rejas. According to the secondary school register14, in the 1850’s he
was educated by his tutoress, Mária Juhász in Pécs. He studied in the catholic
secondary school in Pécs (1854–1862). Then he studied law at the University
of Pest15. As a graduated law student he returned to Baranya county, where
he became county clerk in May 1867, and afterwards an actuary, in the next
year – he pursued this occupation for two years. In 1869 he received a degree
in law in Pest16, and from 1870 he practiced his profession in Pécs17. According
to his necrology, published in the local journal, he was an expert of the feudal
processes in law18.
His wife was Johanna Nedetzky19, descendant of an impoverished noble
family. His mentioned necrology reveals that he tried to manage a house-
hold on the domain of his wife in Somogy country, but he wasn’t successful20.
Their son, Adalbert, was born in 187521, their first daughter, Gisella, was born
in 187622, but they deceased, probably shortly after their birth. Their second
daughter, Hedvig, was born in 187823, and also died young, in the age of 18. The
loss of his second daughter has shaken him deeply; he even accused the doctor
in charge with treatment error publicly, in the press24.
We do not know for sure, when he became interested in archeology.

14
  MNL BaML VIII. 52.
15
 The registers of the Royal University of Pest (1777–1918) were perished, or exist in an
unknown place. https://leveltar.elte.hu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=593&I
temid=167 (download: 8. 4. 2016).
16
  The Minister of Justice allowed László Juhász notary of the court of Baranya county to qualify
earlier the lawyer-exam on december 1869. MNL BaML IV.  262. a. 338/1869. The civil court
of Baranya county acquainted the sub-prefect, that the lawyer László Juhász presented his law
degree. MNL BaML IV. 262. a. 234/1870 – I’m indebted to Imre Gábor Nagy in the Archives of
Baranya for providing these data.
17
  MNL BaML IV. 262. a. 234/1870.
18
  Pécsi Napló 20. 10. 1911, 2.
19
  Pécsi Napló 20. 10. 1911, 2.
20
  Pécsi Napló 20. 10. 1911, 2.
21
  https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X82Q–5YX (download: 10. 01. 2017).
22
  https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X82M-SB5 (download: 10. 01. 2017).
23
  https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X82M-WW5 (download: 10. 01. 2017).
24
  Pécsi Napló 30. 9. 1896, 5, Pécsi Napló 2. 10. 1896, 3–4. Pécsi Közlöny 1. 10. 1896, 3. Pécsi
Figyelő Népies Kiadás 10. 2. 1897, 7.
 Juhász László (1842–1911), a pioneer of archaeology and antiquarian 171

According to an article in local press from 1898, he was collecting antiquities

and archaeological artefacts during nearly two decades25. Supposedly he was
related26 to the well-known and respected archaeologist, numismatist and art
collector, Antal Horváth27 in some way – at any event, he was in all probabil-
ity his disciple, and his associate during the rescue of archaeological finds in
Baranya country, as well. It seems that the first surviving source, which informs
us that he had collected archaeological objects, comes from 1889: he asked Mór
Wosinsky for archaeological finds for his collection.28 During the 1890s, his
name often incurred in connection with archaeological finds from Baranya: in
1893 he was an expert at a police station in Pécs, called upon to analyze a hoard
with medieval silver coins29.
The year of 1894 was one of the most determining years of his archaeo-
logical career. On one hand, he performed excavations in Jakabhegy30, and,
on the other hand, his first printed work was also published in this year –
already a monographic study31. The excavation at Jakabhegy is his only one,
partly known excavation32. In the lack of a proper historical and archaeo-
logical association in Pécs, he revealed this prehistoric and medieval site per
procuration of the local tourist society (Mecsek Society)33. Unfortunately, no
official report or register remained after this archaeological work, however,
the local press published some news with regard the excavation. The exca-
vation was conducted in two stages, for a 6 day long period in August, and
at least for 10 days or more in the second half of October. During the first
phase, surveys and test excavations were carried out at several points, and,
on the basis to the finds – including typical Early Iron Age pottery – László
Juhász assumed a fortified settlement (hill fort) on the site34. In the second
half of October, the excavations continued with significant capacity with the
employment of about 30 people, and then Juhász was able to separate the
settlement from the cemetery, and afterwards he excavated at the latter loca-
tion as well35. The finds of the excavations were presumably arrived to the

25
  Pécsi Napló 10. 9. 1898, 1.
26
  B. Horváth/Huszár 2003–2004, 11.
27
  Gál 1989; Gál 2002; Vitári-Wéber 2009; Vitári-Wéber 2013; Vitári-Wéber 2015a-b.
28
  WMMM ÚT. D. 67.143.77.
29
  Pécsi Figyelő 18. 3. 1893, 3.
30
  Kiss 1895a, 22.
31
  Juhász 1894.
32
  Wéber 2017.
33
  Fünfkirchner Zeitung 12. 10. 1893, 4; Pécsi Újság 20. 5. 1894, 2; Pécsi Újság 26. 5. 1894, 2; Pécsi
Napló 18. 8. 1894, 4; Pécsi Napló 19. 08. 1894, 4; Pécsi Napló 14. 10. 1894, 3; Pécsi Napló 25. 10.
1894, 4; Kiss 1895b, 8–9; Kiss 1901, 40.
34
  Pécsi Napló 18. 8. 1894, 4; 19. 8. 1894, 4.
35
  Pécsi Napló 25. 10. 1894, 4.
172 Adrienn Wéber

City Museum of Pécs, opened 10 years later, in two waves: at first in 1895,
as the Mecsek Society donated the finds from Jakabhegy to the future City
Museum of Pécs36, and perhaps secondly – based, however, on very unsure
data – in 1902, as the state bought the Juhász-Collection for the behalf of the
City Museum of Pécs37. However, as for the last case, we can’t find any data
about the locality of several finds in the inventory books. Pál Bene (alias Béla
Németh38) mentioned him in his article written on Jakabhegy, published in
the local press as a dilettante archaeologist, because of the methods of his
excavations on Jakabhegy39.
Traces of his literary activity can also be detected. His most significant work
was published in 1894, it was written also for the request of the Mecsek Society.
Pursuant to the title and objectives of his book it may have been amassed sig-
nificant knowledge, and may have had the character of a summarizing work:
The archaeology of Baranya County and the city of Pécs. In this work, largely based
on finds from Pécs, he tried to draw the inference for the history of the whole
county. Although he described several artefacts, usually he did not mention
their specific findspots. The work itself contains a lot of shortcomings, mis-
takes, inaccuracies, but at any case, it is important to note, because it is the
first archaeological work with regard this region, written with monographic
demands. It was published in parts in a local journal40 as well, so it reached a
broad audience. In a small compass, it was used during the compilation of the
Monography on Baranya country as well. In 1896, for the Millennium celebra-
tions, Baranya country had also made its own monography41, with regard to
which Ferenc Várady originally asked László Juhász for the writing of the first
historical part, relating to the conquest of the Hungarians. This manuscript
was probably finished42, however, because of the criticism of Joseph Hampel43,
phrased with a highly critical tone, eventually Béla Pósta won the honorable
task of writing this monograph. However, Béla Pósta was in turn built on the
manuscript of László Juhász, and even more on the artefacts of his collection44.

36
  Pécsi Napló 2. 2. 1895, 5. The donation of the Mecsek Society cannot be found in the inven-
tory of the Pécs City Museum.
37
  PVM, Inv. no.: 2098–2101/1939 (hammerstones). In the first inventory we can also find some
artefacts of the Juhász-Collection from Jakabhegy, for example: Inv. no..: 356 (clay bowl), or 361
(moulding vessel), but they weren’t registered in the second inventory. The vessel fragment with
cannelure (Inv. no.: 1302 (first inventory book), 224/1939) was rejected.
38
  Forster 1905, 142.
39
  Pécsi Napló 5. 5. 1899, 2.
40
  Pécsi Újság 27. 5–22. 6. 1894, 6.
41
  Várady 1896–1897.
42
  At least, the latter writer Béla Pósta refers to it, but up until today it hasn’t been found.
43
  Kopasz 1971,134–135. MNL BaMl IV. 410.b.
44
  Pécsi Napló 14. 3. 1897, 7.
 Juhász László (1842–1911), a pioneer of archaeology and antiquarian 173

In his work, Béla Pósta reflects about 80 times on the name or on the collection
of László Juhász.
Other archaeological-themed writings of László Juhász have also been pub-
lished. His reports were published three times among the Archeological Letters
in the national archaeological journal, in the Archaeological Bulletin45, but he
never made a proper, independent study. His archaeological writings appeared
in the local press as well: in 1894, his monograph was published in several
parts46, and in 1898 he reported about the region’s latest archaeological finds47.
The special objects of his collection appeared – in chronological order –
in national, local, and international exhibitions. Already in 1896, he may pos-
sessed a significant and high quality collection, since unique objects of this
collection which can be dated to the age of the conquest of the Hungarians
and represent an early stage of the Hungarian culture (double cross, silver and
bronze rings from the 13–14th century) were exhibited in the Millennium exhi-
bition48. But even more significant was the periodical exhibition in Pécs (the
title of this exhibition was Baranya county from the prehistory until the conquest
of the Hungarians)49, which was held in the autumn of 1898, despite the ini-
tial opposition of the Museum Committee. In absence of a local museum, this
exhibition raised enormous interest both within professional and laic circles,
and this was the first public archaeological exhibition in Pécs. The exhibition
was visited by more experts of the age: Joseph Hampel50, Mór Wosinsky, and
from the Museum of Osijek, Karlo Franje Nuber51 as well. In 1900, two objects
from his collection were exhibited at the Paris World Exhibition: a silver ring
with Anjou lily from Kiskőszeg, and another silver ring decorated with the
motif of Agnus Dei from the time of Bela IV from Pécs. After the return of
these objects from Paris, they were exhibited in the window of a local jeweler
Miklós Engesszer52.
The fate of archaeological finds was also important for him, so besides Antal
Horváth, he also played an important role in protecting antiquities and arche-
ological finds. According to media reports53, he followed the local field-works
with attention, and he frequently saved there some finds. In 1898, he attained
at Károly Tormay, sub-prefect of Baranya county, to issue a regulation about
45
  Juhász 1896a-b; Juhász1901.
46
  Pécsi Újság 27. 5–22. 6. 1894, 6.
47
  Pécsi Napló 25. 03. 1898, 2–3.
48
  Szőnyi hagyaték; Matlekovics 1897, 277.
49
  Pécsi Napló 10. 9. 1898, 1.
50
  Pécsi Figyelő Népies Kiadás 9. 10. 1898, 3.
51
  Pécsi Figyelő 19. 10. 1898, 3.
52
  Pécsi Napló 15. 1. 1901, 4; Pécsi Figyelő 16. 1.1901, 3.
53
  Pécsi Napló 22. 5. 1895, 4–5; Pécsi Napló 19. 7. 1895, 4; Pécsi Napló 18. 3. 1900, 7; Pécsi Napló
21. 3. 1900, 5; Pécsi Közlöny 26. 10. 1906, 5.
174 Adrienn Wéber

the surrender of archaeological finds at the City Hall54, which was a huge and
important step, because the protection of the movable monuments55 would be
realized only 30 years later in Hungary. He also tried to call the attention of the
local population to the archaeological objects: on the pages of the local press
he repeatedly reported about the archeological finds of the region, and he held
informing lectures about the history of the region56. Thus, his name became
the synonym of the savior of the archaeological finds in the press57.
He also had an important, contributing role in the genesis of the local
museum: nearly 10 years before the opening of the museum, in 1895, accord-
ing to the reports of the local press, he presented 80 objects to the city for the
forthcoming local museum58. He was also an active member of the Museum
Committee, founded in 1897: he prepared the draft of the articles of associa-
tion for the future museum59. At that time, the local press, one might say as a
seer, already wrote that the basis of the future city museum will be the Juhász-
Collection60. The journals spoke about him as “our great archaeologist“61 or “the
illustrious archaeologist of our city”62, thus on the local level he was an authority
for archaeology, although at the same time he could already have been strug-
gled with financial problems63, in which the passion of collecting antiquities
and his whim about the creation of local museums may also have been con-
tributed at a great extent. One of the aims of his temporary exhibition in Pécs
in 1898 was to promote social support for the forthcoming local museum, and
he offered up all of the incomes of the exhibition in favor of the forthcoming
museum64. In February 1900, he recommended a small part of his collection
for 600 forint to the Bishop of Pécs, Sámuel Hetyey, for the episcopal museum,
54
  Pécsi Napló 9. 4. 1898, 4. MNL BaML Alisp. 8099/1898. Baranya vármegye Hivatalos Lapja
10. 04. 1898.
55
  The Act XI. of 1929 chapter III. dispose of the research (collection, excavation) and protection
of moveable monuments and other museal objects.
56
  For example in the Labour Association of Pécs (Munkás 4. 12. 1898, 4–5, 18. 12. 1898, 4–5, 12.
3. 1899, 8, Pécsi Figyelő 13. 12. 1898, 3), and many times in the forthcoming local museum as well:
(Pécsi Napló 11. 06. 1901, 4; Pécsi Napló 23. 10. 1901, 6; Pécsi Közlöny 24. 10. 1901, 10).
57
  “…the Juhász of the last century” – Pécsi Napló 31. 7. 1904, 4.
58
  Pécsi Napló 16. 1. 1895, 3; Pécsi Közlöny 17. 01. 1895, 3–4.
59
  Pécsi Friss Újság 6. 4. 1898, 3; Pécsi Napló 5. 4. 1898, 2–3; Pécsi Közlöny 5. 4. 1898, 3; Pécsi
Figyelő 6. 4. 1898, 3.
60
  Pécsi Napló 16. 01. 1895, 3; Pécsi Közlöny 17. 01. 1895, 3–4; Pécsi Napló 18. 3. 1897, 5.
61
  Pécsi Napló 9. 4. 1898, 4.
62
  Pécsi Napló 19. 7. 1895, 4.
63
  He tried to sell some antiquities to the National Museum: HNM Archive 654, 655, 665, 666,
708, 709/1896.
64
  He offered the incomes of the archaeological exhibition for the forthcoming museum: Pécsi
Figyelő 20. 8. 1898,4; Pécsi Figyelő 14. 9. 1898, 7; Fünfkirchner Zeitung 25. 8. 1898, 4; Fünfkirchner
Zeitung 8. 9. 1898, 5; Fünfkirchner Zeitung 15. 9. 1898, 6; Pécsi Napló 10. 4. 1898, 4; Pécsi Napló
4. 9. 1898, 5; Pécsi Napló 8. 9. 1898, 5.
 Juhász László (1842–1911), a pioneer of archaeology and antiquarian 175

because he needed money to finish the arrangement of the exhibition of the

municipal museum65.
In 1900, he deposited his archaeological collection for 10 years in the city;
which was bought in 1902 by the Ministry of Religion and Public Education
for 8000 crowns to Pécs, so archaeological artifacts of the Juhász-Collection
formed the base of the Pécs City Museum66, opened in 1904. According to the
inventory catalogs of his objects which were put into the possession of the Pécs
City Museum, his collection comprised 6795 pieces of objects, among which
artifacts from all of the archaeological periods were present. One should also
emphasize his numismatic collection, which was bought by the state in 1906 for
700 crowns from him, and was deposited in the Pécs City Museum67. He was
also a member of the executive committee of the Museum Association Pécs-
Baranya68, formed in 1901. Some archeological objects which were gathered
by László Juhász, came to the Hungarian National Museum69, but the Juhász-
Collection, almost in its entirety, enriched the material of Pécs City Museum.
His professional awareness is indisputable, both in local and national lev-
els. In 1895 he was visited by the numismatist of the National Museum, László
Réthy70, who examined his coin collection for the upcoming numismatic mono-
graph (Corpus Nummorum Hungariae, I-II). He also had the opportunity to display
the objects of his collection on the Millennium exhibition71. In the Archaeological
Bulletin, three of his archaeological letters were published between 1896 and
1906,72 and his name or his collection was mentioned 13 times73. On the 27th of
October 1896, he was inducted among the ordinary members of the National
Archaeological and Anthropological Society74. The monograph on Baranya
county contains some 80 references to his person or collection. However, his
name wasn’t even mentioned in the county monograph in which the biogra-
phies of the significant writers of the region were published75.
65
  PPKL, Egyházkormányzati Protokollum 490/1900.
66
  Pécsi Napló 13. 9. 1900, 3–4. MNL BaML IV. 1406. o. 161. cs. 76. 04430. 1900. Sarkadi 1979,
373; Horváth/Huszár 2003–2004, 12–13; Nagy 2003–2004, 105.
67
  MNL OL K 736 346, 720/1906; 344/1907 – although the documents had not been preserved,
we know about them from the index. Pécsi Napló 29. 6. 1906, 7; Pécsi Napló 10. 2. 1907, 4.
68
  Tichy 1908, 3.
69
  MNM RT LK 56/1896 (bronze hoard from Birján), MNM RT LK 62/1902 (bronze jugs and
lead stamps from Pécs, lead stamps and medieval bronze objects from Dunaszekcső), MNM ÉT
LK 59/1908.
70
  Pécsi Közlöny 23. 5. 1895, 3.
71
  Szőnyi-hagyaték; Matlekovics 1897, 277.
72
  Juhász 1894, Juhász 1896a-b, Juhász 1901.
73
  Hampel 1896, 443; Gerecze 1896; ArchÉrt 1898; ArchÉrt 1902, 371; Hampel 1902, 431,
434, 436, 442; Gerecze 1904, 324; ArchÉrt 1904, 383; ArchÉrt 1905; Hampel 1906, 92–93.
74
  Hampel 1896, 442.
75
  Várady 1896.
176 Adrienn Wéber

On the other hand, his academic acceptance was highly limited – or one
might say, it did not even existed at all. Although he wrote the manuscript of
the country-monograph, because of the scientific quality of his work, Joseph
Hampel didn’t recommend it for publication, so the manuscript couldn’t be
published. He created his private collection at the expense of heavy financial
costs, but despite that the state bought it for the town, and the very scientific
value of the collection, Joseph Hampel considered the material of the muse-
ums in Sopron, Mosonmagyaróvár, or Szombathely as more valuable76. In 1907
he tried to get an archaeological supervisor position77, but probably he didn’t
receive it. The archeological and numismatic journals didn’t even remember
about his death, nor did they release any obituary of him.
Overall, it can be said that he had difficult struggles, tragedies, and only par-
tial successes during his career. The early death of his daughter, Hedvig, deeply
shocked him, and his passion for collecting antiques brought him constant
financial troubles. During the last 10 years of his life he lacked a lot78. He wanted
to live by his hobby, by collecting antiquities, and to be a professional archaeolo-
gist, but after his unsuccessful appliance for a job at the National Inspectorate
of the Museums and Libraries in 1907, it remained only a dream. His academic
neglect can be traced in his life, death79, and even in his memory80.
The present paper aims to make up for this deficiency. In conclusion, it can
be said, that László Juhász was “a diligent local collector, but not a local histo-
rian or an archaeologist”81. As an enthusiastic laic, he wrote the first archaeo-
logical monograph about the region (1894), which eventually reached a broad
audience because of its publication in the local press. He was the leader of one
of the first local archaeological excavation in 1894, the results of which were
76
  Hampel 1906, 92.
77
  MOL K 736 344/1907. – although the documents had not been preserved, we know about
them from the index.
78
  1900: he offered to sell a smaller collection to the Episcopal Museum of Pécs. 1901: he made
a request for subsidy to the Ministry of Religion and Public Education. 1905: he offered to sell
one of his collection (1000 pieces) to the establishing museum of Somogy county. 1906: he had
sold his numismatic collection, urged the decision and tried to raise the price of the collection
(from 700 to 800 korona). In the very same year he offered to sell again archaeological artefacts
for 400 korona, but he would like to get 50 korona for others artefacts. Lajos Lenkei supposed
that the purchase of his collection could have had a social dimension, that is, to ease his financial
situation. Lenkei 1922, 116.
79
  Not a single memoir has written about him in the archaeological and numismatical jour-
nals, not even his death was commemorted. The local press wrote about his poorish burial –
Dunántúl 21. 10. 1911, 3.
80
  Although it has been suggested that in a planned public building (so called Palace of Culture)
a monument will be erected to commemorate his person, this building has never been built up,
and up until today, no other monument was dedicated to him. Pécs Közlöny 31. 10. 1911, 4; Pécsi
Napló 29. 10. 1911, 7.
81
  Kopasz 1971, 136.
 Juhász László (1842–1911), a pioneer of archaeology and antiquarian 177

published in the local daily newspaper. The objects of his collection consti-
tuted the base of the county’s monograph (1897). He attained at the city gov-
ernance to issue a local regulation about the protection of archaeological finds
(1898). He was the exhibitor of the first public archaeological exhibition in
Pécs (1898), and some objects of his collection were also displayed at national
and world exhibitions. He was a busy activist for the foundation of the local
museum, and the creator of its collections. Because of his articles, lectures, and
exhibitions, he was the popularizer of archeology in the society, so the local
community took him as the archaeologist of the city, and admitted his ben-
efits. However, the academic circles never considered him as an expert. The
6800 object of his private collection stayed at Pécs, and became the basis of the
Pécs City Museum (1902), and many excellent pieces of his collection still pro-
vide the subject of archeological articles. At the 175th anniversary of his birth, I
aimed to commemorate about a self-sacrificing and indefatigable antiquarian,
about whom the posterity knows almost nothing82.

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180 Adrienn Wéber

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 Juhász László (1842–1911), a pioneer of archaeology and antiquarian 181

Pécsi Napló 19. 7. Török korsók a kaszinó telkén, Pécsi Napló, 19. 7. 1895, 4.
1895
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1896
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1896
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1897
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1897
Pécsi Napló 25. 03. A legújabb baranyai lelet (Juhász László), Pécsi Napló, 25. 03.
1898 1898, 2–3.
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1898
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1898
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1898
Pécsi Napló 4. 9. Régészeti kiállítás, Pécsi Napló, 4. 9. 1898, 5.
1898
Pécsi Napló 8. 9. A pécsi bányászati kongresszus sorrendje, Pécsi Napló, 8. 9.
1898 1898, 5.
Pécsi Napló 10. 9. Régészeti kiállítás Pécsett, Pécsi Napló, 10. 9. 1898, 1.
1898
Pécsi Napló 5. 5. A Jakabhegy őskori sáncairól (Bene Pál), Pécsi Napló, 5. 5. 1899,
1899 2–3.
Pécsi Napló 18. 3. Újabb leletek, Pécsi Napló, 18. 3. 1900, 7.
1900
Pécsi Napló 21. 3. Pécsi lelet a török időkből, Pécsi Napló, 21. 3. 1900, 5.
1900
Pécsi Napló 13. 9. Érdekes közgyűlés, Pécsi Napló, 13. 9. 1900, 1–4.
1900
Pécsi Napló 15. 1. Pécs Párizsban, Pécsi Napló, 15. 1. 1901, 4.
1901
Pécsi Napló 11. 06. Tanulók a pécsi múzeumban, Pécsi Napló, 11. 06. 1901, 4.
1901
Pécsi Napló 23. 10. Tanulóifjak a pécsi múzeumban, Pécsi Napló, 23. 10. 1901, 6.
1901
Pécsi Napló 31. 7. Régipénzek a Rókus-dombon, Pécsi Napló, 31. 7. 1904, 4.
1904
Pécsi Napló 29. 6. A múzeum gyarapodása, Pécsi Napló, 29. 6. 1906, 7.
1906
182 Adrienn Wéber

Pécsi Napló 10. 2. A városi múzeum gyarapodása, Pécsi Napló, 10. 2. 1907, 4.
1907
Pécsi Napló 20. 10. Juhász László halála, Pécsi Napló, 20. 10. 1911, 2.
1911
Pécsi Napló 29. 10. A múzeum egylet választmányi ülése, Pécsi Napló, 29. 10. 1911, 7.
1911
Pécsi Újság 20. 5. Kutatások a Jakabhegyen, Pécsi Újság, 20. 5. 1894, 2.
1894
Pécs Újság 26. 5. A jakabhegyi ásatásokra…, Pécsi Újság, 26. 5. 1894, 2
1894
Baranyavármegye és Pécs város régészete (Juhász László), Pécsi
Pécsi Újság 27. 5–22.
6. 1894 Újság, 27. 5–22. 6. 1894, 6.
PPKL Pécsi Püspöki és Káptalani Levéltár
490/1900, Juhász László ügyvéd ajánlatot tesz a püspöki
múzeum számára megveendő gyűjteményre nézve (Egyházkor-
mányzati Protokollum).
Raýman/Hágen 2010 J.  Raýman/J.  Hágen, Az éremgyűjtés története Pécsett és
Baranyában, Pécs 2010.
RNL Révai Nagy Lexikona, vol. 11, Budapest 1914.
Romváry 1982 F.  Romváry, Pécs szobrai. Szobrok, épületszobrok, emlékművek,
emléktáblák, Pécs 1982.
Romváry 2014 F. Romváry, Pécs köztéri szobrai. Épületplasztikák, emlékművek,
emléktáblák, Pécs 2014.
Sarkadi 1979 E.  Sarkadi, 75 éves a Pécsi Múzeum. Vázlatos történet a
kezdetektől 1945-ig, JPMÉ, 24, 1979, 357–377.
Sarkadi 2004 E.  Sarkadi, 100 éves a pécsi múzeum. Vázlatos történet a
kezdetektől 1945-ig, Pécsi Szemle, 2004. tavasz, 72–91.
Szeghalmy 1938 Gy. Szeghalmy, Dunántúli vármegyék, Budapest 1938.
Szinnyey 1897 J. Szinnyey, Magyar írók élete és munkái, vol. 5, Budapest 1897.
Szirtes 2005 G.  Szirtes, Pécsi panteon. Portrék a millennium korából, Pécs
2005.
Szőnyi-hagyaték Szőnyi-hagyaték. 1. dosszié. – Szőnyi Ottó pécsi vonatkozású
írásai. Pécsi Káptalani Levéltár.
Tichy 1908 F. Tichy, A “Pécs-Baranyamegyei Muzeum Egyesület” megala-
kulása és eddigi működése, PBMÉ, 1 (1908) 2–10.
Várady 1896 F.  Várady, Baranyai irók élete és munkái. In: F.  Várady (ed.),
Baranya multja és jelenje, vol. 1, Pécs 1896, 399–431.
Várady 1896–1897 F. Várady (ed.), Baranya multja és jelenje, Pécs 1896–1897.
Visy 2013 Zs. Visy (ed.), Pécs története. Vol. I. Az őskortól a püspökség alapí-
tásáig, Pécs 2013.
 Juhász László (1842–1911), a pioneer of archaeology and antiquarian 183

Vitári-Wéber 2009 A. Vitári-Wéber, Vázlatok egy pécsi amatőr régész pályafutá-

sának kezdeteihez a 19. század második felében. Dr. Horváth
Antal (1848–1912) régészeti jellegű tevékenységének adatolható
kezdetei kiadatlan levelezésének alapján (1866–1867), Kutatási
füzetek, 15, 2009, 279–299.
Vitári-Wéber 2010 A. Vitári-Wéber, Juhász László. In: F. Romváry (ed.), Pécs Lexi-
kon, vol. 1, Pécs 2010, 361.
Vitári-Wéber 2013 A.  Vitári-Wéber, Újabb adatok néhány pécsi római kori
lelőhelyről Horváth Antal (1848–1912) tevékenységének tükrében.
Római sírleletek I, Specimina Nova. Pars Prima, XXI–XXII, 2013,
285–321.
Vitári-Wéber 2015a A. Vitári-Wéber, Az első, pécsi őskori telepásatás és leletanyaga
a Nemzeti Múzeumban: Pécs-Makárhegy. In: Z. Csabai/E. Sza-
bó/L. Vlmos/A. Vitári-Wéber (eds.), Európé égisze alatt. Ünnepi
tanulmányok Fekete Mária hatvanötödik születésnapjára kollégá-
itól, barátaitól és tanítványaitól, Ókor-Történet-Írás 4., Pécs-Bu-
dapest 2015, 439–501.
Vitári-Wéber 2015b A. Vitári-Wéber, “Der vorzüglich gekannte Archäologe unse-
rer Stadt” – Anton Horváth (1848–1912), ein Polyhistor aus
Pécs/Fünfkirchen (Ungarn) mit Sinn für die archäologischen
Überreste. In: M. Müller (ed.): Tagungsband für “Graben, Ent-
decken, Sammeln – Laienforscher in der Geschichte der Archäolo-
gie Österreichs.” – Innsbruck, 2013. november 28–29, Wien-Ber-
lin-Münster 2015, 323–361.
Wéber 2017 A.  Wéber, A Mecsek Egyesület régészeti tevékenysége, A
Mecsek Egyesület évkönyve a 2016. egyesületi évről 20, 2017 (in
print).
WMMM Juhász László levele Wosinsky Mórhoz (Pécs, 10. 06. 1889).
ÚT. D. 67.143.77

Webography
https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X82Q–5YX (download: 10. 01. 2017) – Register
of birth of Adalbert Juhász.
https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X82M-SB5 (download: 10. 01. 2017) – Register
of birth of Gisella Juhász.
https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X82M-WW5 (download: 10. 01. 2017) – Regis-
ter of birth of Hedvig Juhász.
https://leveltar.elte.hu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=593&Ite
mid=167 (download: 8. 4. 2016).

Adrienn Wéber
University of Pécs
[email protected]
184 Adrienn Wéber

Fig. 1: László Juhász (1842–1922), lawyer

(B. Horváth/Huszár 2003–2004, 12, fig. 1).
 Abbreviations

AMN Acta Musei Napocensis, Cluj-Napoca.

AMP Acta Musei Porolissensis, Zalău.
AMS Terra Sebvs. Acta Musei Sabiensis, Sebeș.
ANDJH Direcția Județeană Hunedoara a Arhivelor Naționale. Fondul “Societa-
tea de științe istorice și arheologice a Comitatului Hunedoara”, Deva.
Antiquity Antiquity. Review of world archaeology, Durham University, UK.
Apulum Apulum. Acta Musei Apulensis, Alba Iulia.
Arch.Ért Archaeologiai Értesitő, Budapest.
A Szamosuj. Vár. A Szamosujvári Vármegyei Örmény Katholikus Nyilvános Algym-
Őrm. Kath. Nyil. názium Tudósitója, Szamosújvár.
Algymn. Tudósit.
ATÉ Az Alsófehérmegyei Történelmi, Régészeti és Természettudományi
Társaság Évkönyve, Kolozsvár – Nagyenyed – Gyulafehérvár.
BSNR Buletinul Societății Numismatice Române, București.
CAH Communicationes Archaeologicae Hungariae, Budapest.
CIL Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, Berlin.
CSRSG Commentarii Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Goettingensis, Göttingen.
Dacia Dacia. Revue d’archéologie et d’histoire ancienne, N.S., București.
Denkschriften Denkschriften der Philosophisch-Historischen Klasse der Kaiserlichen
Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien.
EphemDac Ephemeris Dacoromana, Roma.
HTRTÉ Hunyad Vármegyei Történelmi és Régészeti Társulat Évkönyve,
Kolozsvár.
IDR Inscriptiones Daciae Romanae, Cluj-București.
JÖAI Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archaeologischen Instituts, Wien.
JPMÉ Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve, Pécs.
JPM Irattár Janus Pannonius Múzeum Irattára (Archives of the Janus Pannonius
Museum), Pécs.
JRA Journal of Roman Archaeology, Portsmouth, Rhode Island.
MÉL Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon, Vol. 1, Budapest 1967.
Min.Ért. A Minorita Rendház vezetése alatt álló Szilágysomlyói Római Katholi-
kus Püspöki Főegyházmegye Értesítője, Szilágysomlyó-Zilah.
MNL BaML Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Baranya Megyei Levéltára (The Hungarian
National Archives Baranya County Archives), Pécs.
414 Abbreviations

MNL OL Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára (The Hungarian Natio-

nal Archives National Archives of Hungary), Budapest.
MNLex Magyar Nagylexikon, Vol. 10, Budapest 2000.
MNM ÉT LK Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Éremtár Leltárkönyv (Inventory book of
the Numismatic Collection, the Hungarian National Museum),
Budapest.
MNM Irattár Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Irattár (Archives of the Hungarian National
Museum), Budapest.
MNM RT LK Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Régészeti Tár Leltárkönyv (Inventory book
of the Department of Archaeology, the Hungarian National Museum),
Budapest.
MTA Keleti Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, Keleti Gyűjtemény, a Goldziher-leve-
lezés (Hungarian Academy of Sciences Oriental collection, Goldziher
correspondence), Budapest.
MTA Kézirattár Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Kézirattára, Budapest.
OSZK Kézirattár Országos Széchényi Könyvtár, Kézirattár (National Széchényi Library,
Collection of manuscripts), Budapest.
OSZK Levelestár Országos Széchényi Könyvtár, Levelestár (National Széchényi Library,
Collection of letters), Budapest.
PPKL Pécsi Püspöki és Káptalani Levéltár (Episcopal and Chapter Archives
of Pécs), Pécs.
PVM Pécsi Városi Múzeum (City Museum of Pécs), Pécs.
SCIVA Studii și Cercetări de Istoria Veche și Arheologie, București.
Sietzungberichte Sitzungberichte der Philosophisch-Historischen Klasse der Kaiserlichen
Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien.
SJHAN, FSIACH Serviciul Judeţean Hunedoara al Arhivelor Naţionale, Fond Societatea
de Istorie şi Arheologie a Comitatului Hunedoara (Hunedoara County
Service of the National Archives, the History and Archaeology Society
of Hunedoara County’s fund), Deva.
SPECIMINA Specimina Nova Dissertationum ex Institutis Historiae Antiquae et
NOVA Archaeologiae Universitatis Quinqueecclesiensis, Pécs.
SZNM Könyvtár Székely Nemzeti Múzeum, Könyvtár Intézményi Levéltár (Szekler
National Museum Library, Institutional archive), Sf. Gheorghe.
TVL M. Asztalos/E. Bálint/M. Bálint Et Al. (eds.), Tolnai új világlexi-
kona, Vol. 8., Budapest 1927.
ÚMÉL L. Markó (ed.), Új Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon, Vol. 3, Budapest, 2001.
ÚML A. Berei/Z. Csürös Et Al. (ed.), Új Magyar Lexikon, Vol. 3., Buda-
pest 1960.
WMMM ÚT. D. Wosinsky Mór Megyei Múzeum, Újkortörténeti Dokumentumgyűj-
temény (Historic Documents Collection, Wosinsky Mór County
Museum), Szekszárd.
 List of Contributors

Irina Achim Phil Freeman

[email protected] Department of Archaeology,
“Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology Classics and Egyptology
of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest University of Liverpool
[email protected]
Ioan Bejinariu
County Museum of History Olivér Gábor
and Art, Zalău Janus Pannonius Museum,
[email protected] Pécs
[email protected]
Cristina Bodó
Museum of Dacian and Kirill Gusev
Roman Civilization, Deva State Historical Museum,
[email protected] Moscow
[email protected]
Corina Borș
[email protected] Ana Cristina Hamat
National History Museum of Romania, Museum of Highland Banat, Reșița
Bucharest [email protected]

Laura Coltofean Eszter Istvánovits

Brukenthal National Museum, Sibiu Jósa András Museum, Nyíregyháza
[email protected] [email protected]

Delia Cornea Jenny Kaurin

Museum of National History Conservation Départementale des
and Archaeology, Constanța Musées de la Meuse, Sampigny
[email protected] [email protected]

Florin Fodorean Maria Medvedeva

Department of Ancient Institute for the History
History and Archaeology of Material Culture
Faculty of History and Philosophy Russian Academy of Sciences,
Babeș-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Saint Petersburg
[email protected] [email protected]
416 List of Contributors

Radu Ota Vladislav Sobolev

National Museum of Union, Alba Iulia Laboratory of Archaeology
[email protected] Historical Sociology and
Cultural Heritage
Emanuel Pripon Saint Petersburg State University
The County Museum of History and Art, [email protected]
Zalău
[email protected] Julien Trapp
Musée de La Cour d’Or
Viorica Rusu-Bolindeț – Metz Métropole
National Museum of Transylvanian Université de Lorraine
History, Cluj-Napoca [email protected]
[email protected]
Adrienn Wéber
Béla Santa University of Pécs
University of Liverpool [email protected]
[email protected]
Heinrich Zabehlicky
Csaba Szabó [email protected]
Center of Roman Studies
Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca Evgenia Zastrozhnova
[email protected] Archive of Russian Academy of
Sciences, Saint Petersburg
[email protected]