Name: Cammagay Janine U.

Date: 11/11/2021
Course: ______Bsed-3A_______ Time: ___________________
Year: 3rd year Score: __________________

Activity 4
Electrostatics

FILL IN THE BLANKS: . On the space before each number, write the concepts/idea needed.

________Electric fields______ 1. These are vector quantities and can be drawn as arrows going toward or
away from the charges.
_______Electric charge______2. It produces an electric field, which is a region of space around an
electrically charged particle or object in which an electric charge would encounter force.
__ ____Charges _____3. It produced by rubbing ordinary objects such as comb or plastic ruler are
typically around a microcoulomb (1 µC = 10-6 C) or less.
____Electrostatic force_____4. It describes the force between two charges when they are at rest.
________Electrostatic________5. The study of electromagnetism starts with the examination of the electric
charge.

SYNTHESIS: Answer the following questions.

1. What is Coulomb’s law and explain it.

- Coulomb's law, or Coulomb's inverse-square law, is an experimental law of physics that quantifies
the amount of force between two stationary, electrically charged particles. The electric force
between charged bodies at rest is conventionally called electrostatic force or Coulomb force and it
is the force between two charges equals the product of the charges divided by the square of
the distance between them, all multiplied by a constant, Ke.
Fe = Ke q1 q2
r2

Where:
• Fe is the force
• Ke is the Coulomb’s constant ( 8.987x 10 9 N. m2. C2)
• q1 and q2 are the signed magnitudes of the charges
• r is the distance between the charges

2. What is the value of the permittivity of free space and discuss it.
- The permittivity of free space (a vacuum) is a physical constant equal to approximately
8.85 x 10-12 farad per meter (F/m).
- The permittivity is the property of the material which measures the opposition
generates by the material in the development of an electric field. It is explained as the
ratio of the electric displacement to the electric field intensity. The symbol ε represents
the permittivity of the material. The SI unit of permittivity is farad per meter. The
vacuum has the lowest possible permittivity which is approximately 8.85 X 10-12
Faraday/meter. The permittivity measures the number of charges require in generating
one unit of an electric flux in the particular medium.

SOLVING PROBLEM: Solve completely and correctly. Show your solution.

1
 1. Two identical charges separated by 1 cm experience a force of 90 N. What is the magnitude of
the two charges?
Given:
F = 90 N F= k q1 q2 q2= F.r2 q = (90 N) (0.01 m)2
Q1 = charge of first body r2 k 8. 99 x 109 N.m2/C2
Q2 = charge of second body q = q2 = q
1
q = F.r2
R = 1 cm k q = + 1.00 x 10-6 Coulombs
1
F=kq
q2

2. Find the electric force between two charges where Q 1=3.0 μ C and Q 2=4.3 μ C . These charges
are 2 meters apart.
Given:
Q1 = 3.0 x 10-6C K=1 F = 9 x 109 x (3 x 10-6) x ( 4.3 x 10-6)
Q2 = 4.3 x 10-6C 4π€ (0.02) 2
F = K q1 q2 = 9 x 109 N.m2C2
r2 = 290.5 N

3. What is the magnitude of the electric field E at a field point 2.0 m from a point charge q = 4.0
nC?
Given:
r = 2m E = 9 x 10 9 N.m2/C2 (q/r2)
q = 4.0 nc = 4 x 10-9C E = 9 x 109 N.m2/C2 ( 4 x 10-9C)
E=? (0.02) 2
E = 9 N/C

2
Name: Cammagay Janine U. Date: ___________________
Course: Bsed -3rd year Time: ___________________
Year: __________2021-2022_________

Exercise No. 5
Electric Potential

1. State the difference (a) between electric potential and electric field, (b) between electric potential
and electric potential energy.

a.) Electric potential is the amount of work done when a charged particle is moved from one
place to another in an electric field. While Electric field is the surrounding of an electric
charge unit which can exert a force on other charged particles in the field.
b.) The relationship between the two is that Electric potential at a point in an electric field is the
amount of work done in moving a unit positive test charge from infinity to that point against
the electrostatic force. Where Electric potential equation is equal to
V=1 q

4π€ r
While Electric potential energy of a system of charges is the amount of work done in moving
these charges from infinity to their respective positions. Electric potential energy in
equation is equal to U = 1 qq0

4π€ r
2. If a negative charge is initially at rest in an electric field, will it move toward a region of higher
potential or lower potential?
- A negative charge at rest in an electric field will move toward the region of higher
potential, so that its potential energy diminishes and converts into the kinetic
energy of motion. The total energy, E = KE + PE, should remain constant.

3. How much work does the electric field do in moving a −7.7𝜇C charge from ground to a point whose
potential is +55 V higher?
Given:

The charge q=-7.7 μ C

Initial potential Vi=0 V

Finial potential Vf=+55 V

Work done in moving the charge q by the electric field.

W=-q(Vf-Vi)

=-(-7.7 × 10-6)(55-0) J

=4.235 × 10-4 J
3
 1

4. How strong is the electric field between two parallel plates 5.8 mm apart if the potential difference
between them is 220 V?

Given:

X = 5.8 mm = 5.8 x 10-3m E=v E= (220 v)___

V = 220 v x ( 5.8 x 10 -3 m)

E =? = 37.9 x 10 3 v/m
•Thus, the electric field among the two different plates is 37.9 x 10 3V/m

5. What potential difference is needed to give a helium nucleus (𝑄 = 2𝑒) 65.0 keV of energy?

Given:

E = q∆V

E = K = 65.0 keV = q∆V

∆V = k = 65.0 keV
q 2e

∆V = 32. 5 kV
• The needed potential difference is 32.5 kV.

6. An electric field of 640 V/m is desired between two parallel plates 11.0 mm apart. How large a voltage
should be applied?

Given:

E = 640 v/m = 11.0 x 10-3 m

V = Ed

= 640 x 11.0 x 10-3 m

= 7. 04 V

• The voltage that should be applied is 7.04 V.

4
 7. How much energy will an electron gain (in eV) if it accelerates through a potential difference of 23,000
V in a TV picture tube?

Given:

Vba = - Wba Wba = -q Vba = - ( -1 e ) ( 2.3 x 104 V ) = 2.3 x 104 eV

q
• The energy that electron will gain is 2.3 x10 4 eV.

Name: ______Cammagay janine U____ Date: ___________________

Course: _______BSED-3A_______ Time: __________________
Year: ______2021-2022______ Score: __________________

Activity 6
Current and Resistance

1. What quantity is measured by a battery rating given in ampere-hours A ?

- The quantity measured by a battery rating given in Ampere-hours A-h is Ampere-hours. Amperehours
measures charge. The ampere is a charge per unit time, and the hour is a time, so the product is charge. 1
Ampere-hour of charge is 3600 Coulombs of charge.

2. Can a copper wire and an aluminum wire of the same length have the same resistance? Explain.

-Yes, Aluminum has 61 percent of the conductivity of copper, but has only 30 percent of the weight of
copper. That means that a bare wire of aluminum weighs half as much as a bare wire of copper that has the
same electrical resistance. Aluminum is generally more inexpensive when compared to copper conductors. If
the lengths of the wires are the same, then the ratios of resistivity to crosssectional area of the aluminum is
also larger by the same proportion, the two wires will have the same resistance.

3. A current of 1.30 A flows in a wire. How many electrons are flowing past any point in the wire per second?

Solution:

No. of electrons = charge

e
No. of electrons = 1.3___
1.6 x 10 -19
No. of electrons = 0.8125 x 1019

5
No. of electrons = 8.125 x 1018

• So the number of electrons passed through the wire per second is 8.125 x
1018

4. A service station charges a battery using a current of 6.7 A for 5.0 h. How much charge passes through the
battery?

Solution:

I = 6.7 A Q=Ixt
T = 5.0 h Q = 6.7 x 18000
= 5 x 60 x 60 Q = 1.2 x 10 5 C
= 5 x 3600

= 18000s Q = ?

• So the charge passes through the battery is 1.2 x 105 C

5. What is the resistance of a toaster if 120 V produces a current of 4.2 A?

Solution:

V = 120, I = 4.2 A R=?

R = V/I

R = 120/ 4.2

R = 28.57 ohms

• the resistance of a toaster will be 28.57 ohms.

6. What voltage will produce 0.25 A of current through a 3800-ohm resistor?

Solution:

I = 0.25 A, R = 3800 ohm V=?

V=IxR

V = (0.25) x ( 3800)

V = 950 volts

• the voltage that will be produce is 950 volts.

6
7. A 9.0-V battery is connected to a bulb whose resistance is 1.6 ohms. How many electrons leave the
battery per minute?

Solution:

V = 9.0, R = 1.6 ohms I=?

I = V/R I = nQ / t n = 2.109 375 x 1018

I = 9 v/ 1.6 n = Q/t
I = 5.625 x 10-3 A n = 5.625 x 10-3 x 60s
1.6 x 10 -19 C

• the electrons that leave the battery per minute is 2.109 375 x 1018 C

Name: Cammagay Janine U. Date: 12-13-20201

Course: ________BSED-3A________ Time: _______________

Year: ______2021-2022______ Score: _______________

Activity 7
DC
Circuits

FILL IN THE BLANKS: On the space before each number, write the concepts/idea needed.

Parallel circuit____1.The total current I that leaves the battery splits into three separate paths.

Battery_______2.It is not a source of constant current, that is, the current of a battery varies according to
the resistance in the circuit.

Parallel 3. Another simple way to connect resistors.

Chemicals_______4. The substance which is found inside the battery.

1 =1 +1 +1 5. The equation to get an expression relating the equivalent resistance to each
individual
Req R1 R2 R3 resistance.

SYNTHESIS: Answer the following questions.

1. Explain the process of a series resistor.

7
 - In a series circuit, the output current of the first resistor flows into the input of the second
resistor; therefore, the current is the same in each resistor. When resistors are connected in
series, the current through each resistor is the same. In other words, the current is the same
at all points in a series circuit.

When resistors are connected in series, the total voltage (or potential difference) across
all the resistors is equal to the sum of the voltages across each resistor. In other words,
the voltages around the circuit add up to the voltage of the supply. The total resistance
of a number of resistors in series is equal to the sum of all the individual resistances.

2. Explain the process of parallel resistor.

- In a parallel circuit, all of the resistor leads on one side of the resistors are connected
together and all the leads on the other side are connected together. In the case of a parallel
configuration, each resistor has the same potential drop across it, and the currents through
each resistor may be different, depending on the resistor. The sum of the individual currents
equals the current that flows into the parallel connections.

When resistors are connected in parallel, the supply current is equal to the sum of the
currents each resistor. The currents in the branches of a parallel circuit add up to the supply
current.

When resistors are connected in parallel, they have the same potential difference across
them. Any components in parallel have the same potential difference across them.

Baliao Bsed-3A Electricity and Magnetism

SOLVING PROBLEM: Solve completely and correctly. Show your solution.

1. If a 12-V battery has an internal resistance of 0.1 Ω, then when 10 amperes of current flows from the
battery, the terminal voltage is then 12 V-(10 A)(0.1 Ω)=11 V. The internal resistance of a battery is
usually small. For example, an ordinary flashlight battery when new may have an internal of perhaps
0.05 Ω.

Solution:

E = 10 v r = 0.1 I = 10 A
V = emf – Ir

V = 12 v – (10 A) (0.1)

V = 11

• the terminal voltage is 11.

2. A 65.0-Ω resistor is connected to the terminals of a battery whose emf is 12.0 V and whose internal
resistance is 0.5 Ω as shown in Figure 7.2. Calculate (a) the current in the circuit, (b) the terminal
voltage of the battery, Vab, and (c) the power dissipated in the resistor R and in the battery’s
internal resistance r.

8
 Solution:

R = external resistor connected to the terminals of the battery = 65 Ω

E = Emf of the battery = 12.0 Volts
R = internal resistance of the battery = 0.5 Ω

A.) The current in the circuit

E = I (R + r)

12 = I (65 + 0.5)

I = 0.1832 A

B.) The terminal voltage of the battery

Vab =IR

Vab = (0.1832) (65)

Vab = 11.91 volts

C.) • the power dissipated in the resistor R

PR = I2R

PR = (0.1832)2 (65)

PR = 2.18 watt

• the battery’s internal resistance r.

Pr = I2R

Pr = (0.1832)2 (0.5)

Pr = 0.0168 watt

Experiment

Cammagay Janine U.

Experiment on Current, resistance and electromotive force

9
Materials:

• Thin copper wire

• Long metal nail

• 12-V lantern battery

• 9-V battery

• Wire cutters

• Toggle switch

• Electrical tape

• Paper clips

Procedure

10
1. Cut a long length of wire and attached one end to the positive output of
the toggle switch.

2. Twist the wire at least 50 times around the nail to create a solenoid.

3. Once the wire has covered the nail, tape the wire to the negative
terminal of the 12V battery.

4. Cut a short piece of wire to connect the positive terminal of the battery
to the negative terminal of the toggle switch.

5. Turn on the switch.

6. Bring paper clips close to the nail. What happens? How many paper
clips can you pick up?

7. Repeat the experiment with the 9V battery.

8. Repeat the experiment with the 9V and 12V batteries arranged in series

Conclusions

11
The current running through the circuit will cause the nail to be magnetic
and attract paper clips. The 12V battery will create a stronger magnet than
the 9V battery. The series circuit will create a stronger magnet than the
individual batteries did.

When the toggle switch is turned on, the current will flow from the
negative terminal of the battery around the circuit to the positive terminal.
When the current passes through the nail it induces, or creates, a
magnetic field. The 12V battery produces a larger voltage; therefore,
produces a higher current for a circuit of the same resistance. Larger
currents will induce larger (and stronger!) magnetic fields, so the nail will
attract more paperclips when using a larger voltage.

Questions:

1. Why is the Electric currents always produce their own magnetic fields?

Cammagay Janine U.
Experiment on DC circuit

Materials:

• 10 mm red led

• AA battery holder

12
 • 2x AA batteries

• Wire

• Small switch

• Colored paper

• Thermocouple sheet

Procedure
1. Connect the black wire which is the negative directly to the short leg of
the led.

2. Connect the both red wires which is the positive to the long leg of the
led through the switch.

3. Put the two batteries inside the battery holder

4. Put the a4 size colored paper into the thermocouple sheet

5. Paste it using a glue.

13
6. Now place that circuit on the top of the thermacoul sheet
Conclusions:
Direct current is a type of current that flows only in one direction. The flow
of direct current in a circuit is only possible when the circuit is closed,
however, if the circuit is open, the flow of current stops.

Questions

Explain the difference between resistance and resistivity of a wire.

Cammagay Janine U.

Experiment on electrostatics

Materials:

 A plastic rod
 A piece of cloth
 A light plastic bag

Procedure

1. Rub the surface of the rod with the cloth for 40 seconds
2. Flatten the plastic bag and rub the cloth against its surface for 40 seconds
3. Release the plastic bag and watch it levitate as you wave the rod below

Conclusions:

The rod and cloth gain become negatively charged after you rub them with a cloth. As like charges repel,
the plastic bag appears to repel.

Questions

1.Why the charges changed?

2.how does it repel?

14
Cammagay Janine U.

Experiment on electromagnetism
Materials:

 Drinking straw
 5 feet insulated copper wire
 6-volt battery
 Needle

Procedure

1. Make your solenoid. Take five feet of insulated copper wire and wrap it tightly around the
straw. Your solenoid should be about 3 inches long, so you’ll have enough wire to wrap a
couple of layers.
2. Trim the ends of the straw so they just stick out of the solenoid.
3. Hold the solenoid horizontally and put the end of the needle in the straw and let go. What
happens?

4. Now strip an inch of insulation off each end of the wire and connect the ends to the 6-volt
battery. Insert the needle part-way in the straw again and let go. This time what happens? (Don’t
leave the wire hooked up to the battery for more than a few seconds at a time – it will get hot
and drain the battery very quickly.

Conclusions:

When you hooked your solenoid up to a battery, an electric current flowed through the coils of the wire,
which created a magnetic field. This field attracted the needle just like a magnet and sucked it into the
straw. Try some more experiments with your solenoid

Questions

1. Will more coils make it suck the needle in faster?

2. Will it still work with just a few coils?

15
Cammagay Janine U.

Experiment on magnetism

Materials:

• 5 feet insulated copper wire

• 6-volt battery
• Large iron nail
• Paperclips

Procedure

1. Tightly wrap the wire around the nail to make a solenoid with a ferromagnetic core. If you have
enough wire, wrap more than one layer. (If your nail fits inside the straw from the last experiment,
you can use that solenoid instead of rewrapping the wire.)
2. Try to pick up some paperclips with the wire-wrapped nail.
3. Strip an inch of insulation off each end of the wire.
4. Hook up the wire to the battery and try again to pick up the paperclips with the nail.
5. This time the electricity will create a magnetic field and the nail will attract paperclips! (Don’t leave
the wire hooked up to the battery for more than a few seconds at a time – it will get hot and drain
the battery very quickly.)

Conclusions:

Count how many paperclips it can pick up. If you coil more wire around it will it pick up more paperclips?
How many paperclips can you pick up if you only use half as much wire?

Questions

What would happen if you used a smaller battery, like a D-size?

16
Cammagay Janine U.

BSED-3rd year

REACTION PAPER

Electric potential is defined as potential energy divided by charge,(V=PE/q=U/q). PE refers to the potential
energy is electric potential which is measured in v . 1volt=1j/1C,in potential energy 5 volts =5j/1c.Voltage is
the change in electric potential , and it would also be the difference between the potential at b and potential
at a(∆V=Vb-Va).We have different types of potential energy which are elastic potential energy which the
energy stored in springs there is gravitational potential energy, occurs anytime an object is above ground
which is it has the ability to fall.Chemical Potential Energy, chemical makeup of gasoline makes it a good fuel
source. All nonliving and living things, from automobiles to zebras, are made up of molecules. It takes energy
to make these molecules and hold them together. The energy stored in molecules is called chemical
potential energy. During combustion, bonds are broken and reformed creating new products. The energy
stored in gasoline is released by burning it (combustion).

Electrical potential energy is present when positive and negative electric charges are separated from each
other, as is a battery. When you turn on a device that is battery-operated, such as a flashlight or a toy, the
electrical potential energy stored in the battery is converted into other forms of energy such as sound,
mechanical motion, thermal energy, and light.When something is lifted, work is done on the object against
the pull of gravity. This work is converted to a form of potential energy called gravitational potential energy.
When the item falls towards Earth like an apple from a tree, gravitational potential energy is converted into
kinetic energy. Nuclear potential energy, or nuclear energy, is the energy found in the nuclei of atoms. The
protons in a nucleus exert very strong repulsive forces on each other due to their positive charge. In turn,
the neutrons that make up a nucleus exert very strong forces on the protons to keep them from flying apart.
Thermal energy is due to the movement, and the kinetic energy associated with this movement, of
molecules that make up an object or substance. All objects possess thermal energy (even cold ones) since
they have a temperature above absolute zero. Evidence of thermal energy can be detected by measuring the
temperature of an object.

The electric potential energy per unit charge is V=U/q.Since U is proportional to q, the dependence on q
cancels. Thus, V does not depend on q. The change in potential energy ∆U is crucial, so we are concerned
with the difference in potential or potential difference ∆V between two points, where ∆ V=VB-VA=∆U/q.The
electric potential difference between points A and B, V_B-V_A is defined to be the change in potential
energy of a charge q moved from A to B, divided by the charge. Units of potential difference are joules per
coulomb, given the name volt (V) after Alessandro Volta.1V=1J/C.

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COLLAGE

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