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    Chapter 19 DC Electrical Circuits

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    jannystarss
    1) Chapter 19 discusses DC electrical circuits including sources of electromotive force (EMF), resistors in series and parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, capacitors and RC circuits. 2) A battery acts as a nearly constant voltage source of EMF but has an internal resistance, reducing the actual voltage. 3) Kirchhoff's rules allow analysis of complex circuits: the Junction Rule equates currents at junctions, and the Loop Rule states the potential difference around loops equals zero. 4) RC circuits have a characteristic time constant describing the exponential charging and discharging of the capacitor.

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    Chapter 19 DC Electrical Circuits

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    jannystarss
    47 views24 pages
    1) Chapter 19 discusses DC electrical circuits including sources of electromotive force (EMF), resistors in series and parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, capacitors and RC circuits. 2) A battery acts as a nearly constant voltage source of EMF but has an internal resistance, reducing the actual voltage. 3) Kirchhoff's rules allow analysis of complex circuits: the Junction Rule equates currents at junctions, and the Loop Rule states the potential difference around loops equals zero. 4) RC circuits have a characteristic time constant describing the exponential charging and discharging of the capacitor.

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    Ch_19DC Electrical Circuits0

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    1) Chapter 19 discusses DC electrical circuits including sources of electromotive force (EMF), resistors in series and parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, capacitors and RC circuits. 2) A battery acts as a nearly constant voltage source of EMF but has an internal resistance, reducing the actual voltage. 3) Kirchhoff's rules allow analysis of complex circuits: the Junction Rule equates currents at junctions, and the Loop Rule states the potential difference around loops equals zero. 4) RC circuits have a characteristic time constant describing the exponential charging and discharging of the capacitor.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    47 views24 pages

    Chapter 19 DC Electrical Circuits

    Uploaded by

    jannystarss
    1) Chapter 19 discusses DC electrical circuits including sources of electromotive force (EMF), resistors in series and parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, capacitors and RC circuits. 2) A battery acts as a nearly constant voltage source of EMF but has an internal resistance, reducing the actual voltage. 3) Kirchhoff's rules allow analysis of complex circuits: the Junction Rule equates currents at junctions, and the Loop Rule states the potential difference around loops equals zero. 4) RC circuits have a characteristic time constant describing the exponential charging and discharging of the capacitor.

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    of 24

    Chapter19 DCElectricalCircuits

    TopicsinChapter19
    EMFandTerminalVoltage ResistorsinSeriesandParallel KirchhoffsRules EMFsinSeriesandParallel;ChargingaBattery CircuitswithCapacitorsinSeriesandinParallel RCCircuitsResistorandCapacitorinSeries

    EMFandTerminalVoltage
    Electriccircuitneedsbatteryorgeneratorto producecurrentthesearecalledsourcesofemf. ABatteryisanearlyconstantvoltagesource, butdoeshaveasmallinternalresistance,which reducestheactualvoltagefromtheidealemf:

    EMFandTerminalVoltage
    Thisresistancebehavesasthoughitwerein serieswiththeemf.

    ResistorsinSeriesandinParallel
    Aseriesconnectionhasasinglepathfromthe battery,througheachcircuitelementinturn, thenbacktothebattery.

    ResistorsinSeries
    Thecurrentthrougheachresistorisidentical;but thevoltageacrosseachdependsonitsresistance. Thesumofthevoltagedropsacrosstheresistors equalsthebatteryvoltage.

    =IReqequivalentresistance

    ResistorsinParallel
    Aparallelconnectionsplitsthecurrent;the voltageacrosseachresistoristhesame:

    ResistorsinParallel
    Thetotalcurrentisthesumofthecurrents flowingthrougheachresistor. TheVoltageacrosseachisthesame.

    KirchhoffsRules
    Somecircuitscannotbebrokendownintoseries andparallelconnections.Thesesituationsareabit morecomplicatedbutfollowcertainrules.

    KirchhoffsRules
    TheJunctionrule:Thesumofcurrentsenteringa junctionequalsthesumofthecurrentsleavingit.
    JunctionEqforpt.a) gives

    I3=I1+I2
    Otherpts.giveeither thesameequation,or aretrivial. Getn1differentEq fornjunctions

    KirchhoffsRules
    Looprule:Thesumof thechangesinpotential (orV)arounda closedloopiszero.
    Req=400+290=690 I=V/Req=12/690=0.0174A Vab=IR1=0.0174x400=6.96V Vbc=IR2=0.0174x290=5.04V TheLoopRulegivestheEq. VIR IR =0

    KirchhoffsRules
    ProblemSolving:UseofKirchhoffsRules 2. Labeleachcurrent(youcanguessdirections). 3. Identifyunknowns. 4. Applyjunctionandlooprules;youneedas manyindependentequationsasthereare unknowns. 5. Solvetheequations,beingcarefulwithsigns. 6. Ifthesolutiongivesacurrentasminus,this simplymeansyourdirectionguesswaswrong.

    EMFsinSeries
    EMFsinseriesinthesamedirection:thetotal voltageisthesumoftheseparatevoltages

    EMFsinSeries:ChargingaBattery
    EMFsinseries,oppositedirection:totalvoltageis thedifference,butthelowervoltagebatterygets chargedascurrentflows.

    EMFsinParallel
    ConnectingEMFsinparallelissensibleonlyifthe voltagesarethesame;thisarrangementcanoften producemorecurrentthanasingleemf.

    CircuitsContainingCapacitors: CapacitorsinParallel
    Capacitorsinparallelwill havethesamevoltage acrosseachone: Totalchargeadds,and

    CapacitorsinSeries
    Capacitorsinserieseachhavethesamechargeon eachcapacitor.Voltagesadd:Vab=V1+V2+V3

    CapacitorsinSeries
    Inthiscase,thereciprocalsofthecapacitances addtogivethereciprocaloftheequivalent capacitance:

    RCCircuits: ResistorandCapacitorinSeries
    Whentheswitchisclosed,thecapacitorwillbegin tocharge.WhenfullychargedQo=C

    and = 0 .

    RCCircuits: ResistorandCapacitorinSeries
    Thevoltageacrossthecapacitorincreaseswithtime asanexponentialapproachtotheappliedemf.

    ChargefollowsasimilarcurvesinceQ=CV

    Thesecurveshavea characteristictimeconstant

    RCCircuitsDischargeofaCapacitor
    Ifanisolatedchargedcapacitorisconnectedacross aresistor,itdischargeswiththesametimeconstant. e 1~3/8isagood
    approximationto get quickly

    SummaryofChapter19
    Asourceofemftransformsenergyfromsome otherformtoelectricalenergy Abatteryisasourceofemfinserieswithan internalresistance Forresistors inSeries orinparallel

    SummaryofChapter19
    OhmsLawcanbeappliedtosimpleresistance networksusingReq.Formorecomplicatedcircuits itisnecessarytoapplyamorecomplicatedsetof rulestotheanalysisofcurrentflow. Kirchhoffsrules: 1. sumofcurrentsenteringajunctionequals sumofcurrentsleavingit 2. totalpotentialdifferencearoundclosed loopiszero

    SummaryofChapter19
    Capacitorsinparallel:

    Capacitorsinseries:

    RCcircuithasacharacteristictimeconstant:

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