Lab - Installing The Virtual Machines: (Instructor Version) Instructor Note: Red Font Color or Gray Highlights

Lab - Installing the Virtual Machines (Instructor
Version)
Instructor Note: Red font color or gray highlights
indicate text that appears in the instructor copy
only.
Objectives
Part 1: Prepare a Personal Computer for
Virtualization
Part 2: Import a Virtual Machine into
VirtualBox Inventory
Background / Scenario
Computing power and resources have increased
tremendously over the last 10 years. A benefit of
having multicore processors and large amounts
of RAM is the ability to use virtualization. With
virtualization, one or more virtual computers
operate inside one physical computer. Virtual
computers that run within physical computers are
called virtual machines. Virtual machines are
often called guests, and physical computers are
often called hosts. Anyone with a modern
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Lab - Installing the Virtual Machines
computer and operating system can run virtual

machines.
A virtual machine image file has been created for
you to install on your computer. In this lab, you
will download and import this image file using a
desktop virtualization application, such as
VirtualBox.
Required Resources
 Host computer with a minimum of 8 GB of RAM
and 40GB of free disk space
 High speed internet access to download Oracle
VirtualBox and the virtual machine image files
Instructions
Part 1: Prepare a Host Computer for
Virtualization
In Part 1, you will download and install desktop
virtualization software, and also download an
image file that can be used to complete labs
throughout the course. For this lab, the virtual
machine is running Linux.
Step 1: Download and install VirtualBox.

VMware Player and Oracle VirtualBox are two
virtualization programs that you can download
and install to support the image file. In this lab,
you will use VirtualBox.
a. Navigate to
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-
storage/virtualbox/downloads/index.html.
b. Choose and download the appropriate
installation file for your operating system.
c.When you have downloaded the VirtualBox
installation file, run the installer and accept the
default installation settings.
Step 2: Download the Virtual Machine image
file.
The image file was created in accordance with
the Open Virtualization Format (OVF). OVF is an
open standard for packaging and distributing
virtual appliances. An OVF package has several
files placed into one directory. This directory is
then distributed as an OVA package. This
package contains all of the OVF files necessary
for the deployment of the virtual machine. The
virtual machine used in this lab was exported in

accordance with the OVF standard.
a. Navigate to the CyberOps Associates Virtual
Machines (VMs) page on netacad.com.

b. Download the cyberops_workstation.ova
and security_onion.ova image files and note
the location of the downloaded VM.
Part 2: Import the Virtual Machine into the
VirtualBox Inventory
In Part 2, you will import the virtual machine
image into VirtualBox and start the virtual
machine.
Step 1: Import the virtual machine file into
VirtualBox.
a. Open VirtualBox. Click File > Import
Appliance... to import the virtual machine
image.
b. In the Appliance to import window, specify
the location of the .OVA file and click Next.
c.The Appliance window presents the settings
suggested in the OVA archive. Review the
default settings and change as necessary. Click
Import to continue.
d. When the import process is complete, you

will see the new Virtual Machine added to the
VirtualBox inventory in the left panel. The virtual
machine is now ready to use.
Step 2: Start the virtual machine and log in.
a. Select and start a newly-imported virtual
machines. The CyberOps Workstation VM is
used as an example in this lab.
b. Click the green arrow Start button at the top
portion of the VirtualBox application window. If
you get the following dialog box, click Change
Network Settings and set your Bridged
Adapter. Click the dropdown list next the Name
and choose your network adapter (will vary for
each computer).
Note: If your network is not configured with

DHCP services, click Change Network
Settings and select NAT in the Attached to
dropdown box. The network settings can also

be access via Settings in the Oracle VirtualBox
Manager or in the virtual machine menu, select
Devices > Network > Network Settings. You
may need to disable and enable the network
adaptor for the change to take effect.
c.Click OK. A new window will appear, and the
virtual machine boot process will start.
d. When the boot process is complete, the
virtual machine will ask for a username and
password. Use the following credentials to log
into the virtual machine:
Username: analyst
Password: cyberops
You will be presented with a desktop
environment: there is a launcher bar at the
bottom, icons on the desktop, and an
application menu at the top.
Note: Notice the keyboard and mouse focus.
When you click inside the virtual machine
window, your mouse and keyboard will operate
the guest operating system. Your host operating
system will no longer detect keystrokes or mouse
movements. Press the right CTRL key to return
keyboard and mouse focus to the host operating

system.
Step 3: Familiarize yourself with the Virtual
Machine.
The virtual machine you just installed can be
used to complete many of the labs in this course.
Familiarize yourself with the icons in the list
below:
The launcher bar icons are (from left to right):
 Show the desktop
 Terminal application
 File manager application
 Web browser application (Firefox)
 File search tool
 Current user's home directory
All course related applications are located under
Applications Menu > CyberOPs.
a. List the applications in the CyberOps menu.
Ans: IDLE, SciTE, and Wireshark

b. Open the Terminal Emulator application.
Type ip address at the prompt to determine the
IP address of your virtual machine.
Question:
What are the IP addresses assigned to your
virtual machine?
Ans: loopback: 127.0.0.1 –

Ethernet: 10.0.2.15
c.Locate and launch the web browser application.
Question:
Can you navigate to your favorite search
engine?
Type your answers here.
Step 4: Shut down the VMs.

When you are done with the VM, you can save
the state of VM for future use or shut down the
VM.
Closing the VM using GUI:
From the VirtualBox File menu, choose Close...
Click the Save the machine state radio button
and click OK. The next time you start the virtual
machine, you will be able to resume working in
the operating system in its current state.
The other two options are:

Send the shutdown signal: simulates pressing
the power button on a physical computer
Power off the machine: simulates pulling the
plug on a physical computer
Closing the VM using CLI:
To shut down the VM using the command line,

you can use the menu options inside the VM or
enter sudo shutdown -h now command in a
terminal window and provide the password
cyberops when prompted.
Rebooting the VM:
If you want to reboot the VM, you can use the
menu options inside the VM or enter sudo
reboot command in a terminal and provide the
password cyberops when prompted.
Note: You can use the web browser in this virtual
machine to research security issues. By using the
virtual machine, you may prevent malware from
being installed on your computer.
Reflection
What are the advantages and disadvantages of
using a virtual machine?
Ans: Với máy ảo, chúng ta có thể kiểm tra các
ứng dụng hoặc hệ điều hành mới mà không
ảnh hưởng đến máy. Ta cũng có thể lưu trạng
thái máy hiện tại khi đóng máy ảo. Nếu gặp
bất kỳ sự cố nào, có tùy chọn trở về trạng thái
đã lưu trước đó. Mặt khác, máy ảo yêu cầu tài
nguyên phần cứng từ máy chủ, chẳng hạn

như dung lượng ổ cứng, RAM,….
Type your answers here.
End of document

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Lab - Installing the Virtual Machines (Instructor

computer and operating system can run virtual

Step 1: Download and install VirtualBox.

virtual machine used in this lab was exported in

Machines (VMs) page on netacad.com.

d. When the import process is complete, you

Note: If your network is not configured with

dropdown box. The network settings can also

keyboard and mouse focus to the host operating

Ans: IDLE, SciTE, and Wireshark

Ans: loopback: 127.0.0.1 –

Type your answers here.

Step 4: Shut down the VMs.

The other two options are:

To shut down the VM using the command line,

nguyên phần cứng từ máy chủ, chẳng hạn

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