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    BTVN2

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    Thanh Nguyen
    This document contains three problems related to electrons in periodic lattices: 1) It derives expressions for the density of states of free electrons and near a van Hove singularity. 2) It asks to find the Fermi surface for a 2D triangular lattice with 6 electrons per site by calculating the Fermi circle radius and drawing the first Brillouin zones. 3) It asks to calculate the energy dispersion relation for a triangular lattice where electrons can only hop between nearest neighbors with amplitude t.

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    BTVN2

    Uploaded by

    Thanh Nguyen
    65 views2 pages
    This document contains three problems related to electrons in periodic lattices: 1) It derives expressions for the density of states of free electrons and near a van Hove singularity. 2) It asks to find the Fermi surface for a 2D triangular lattice with 6 electrons per site by calculating the Fermi circle radius and drawing the first Brillouin zones. 3) It asks to calculate the energy dispersion relation for a triangular lattice where electrons can only hop between nearest neighbors with amplitude t.

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    BTVN2 (1)

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    This document contains three problems related to electrons in periodic lattices: 1) It derives expressions for the density of states of free electrons and near a van Hove singularity. 2) It asks to find the Fermi surface for a 2D triangular lattice with 6 electrons per site by calculating the Fermi circle radius and drawing the first Brillouin zones. 3) It asks to calculate the energy dispersion relation for a triangular lattice where electrons can only hop between nearest neighbors with amplitude t.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    65 views2 pages

    BTVN2

    Uploaded by

    Thanh Nguyen
    This document contains three problems related to electrons in periodic lattices: 1) It derives expressions for the density of states of free electrons and near a van Hove singularity. 2) It asks to find the Fermi surface for a 2D triangular lattice with 6 electrons per site by calculating the Fermi circle radius and drawing the first Brillouin zones. 3) It asks to calculate the energy dispersion relation for a triangular lattice where electrons can only hop between nearest neighbors with amplitude t.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    BTVN2: Nearly-free and tightly bound electrons

    Hung Dang
    December 21, 2021

    1 Problem 1
    a) Given a system with only a single band with energy dispersion relation  = (k), the general form for
    the DOS of this system is
    d3 k
    Z
    g() = 2 δ( − (k)) (1)
    (2π)3
    where the integrating is over the BZ1. The factor 2 in front of the integral is the spin degeneracy. Note
    that d3 k = dkx dky dkz .
    This integral can be rewritten as
    Z
    dS 1
    g() = 2 3 |∇(k)|
    , (2)
    S() (2π)

    where the integral is a 2D integral over a constant energy surface S().


    Assume that the Fermi surface lies completely in the BZ1 and the dispersion relation is

    h̄2 k 2
    (k) = , (3)
    2m
    prove that at the Fermi level F , the DOS is
    mkF
    g(F ) = . (4)
    h̄2 π 2
    b) If the band has the dispersion relation at small k as
    !
    h̄2 kx2 ky2 kz2
    (k) = 0 + + , (5)
    2 mx my mz

    where mx , my , mz are positive constants. Show that  = 0 is a van Hove singularity (where the derivative
    of the DOS is infinite) and g() ∼ ( − 0 )1/2 for  close to 0 .
    c) If the form Eq. (5) still works up to the Fermi level F and the Fermi surface lies entirely in the
    BZ1, deduce the following expression
    3 n
    g(F ) = (6)
    2 F − 0
    where n is the total electron density.

    2 Problem 2
    This problem focus on finding the Fermi surface for a two-dimensional triangular lattice (see Figure 1)
    with 6 noninteracting spin-1/2 electrons per site (which means there are two up and down electrons at
    each energy level). The procedure can be done by solving step-by-step the following subproblems
    a) Calculate the radius kF of the Fermi circle. (In two dimension, the Fermi sphere becomes a circle).
    Hint: remember the Fermi surface of free-electron system.
    b) Draw the first three Brillouin zone in the reciprocal lattice (BZ1, BZ2 and BZ3).
    c) Draw the Fermi circle, highlight all segments of the circle which are outside the BZ1, then translate
    these segments to the BZ1 by an appropriate reciprocal vector.

    1
    Figure 1: Illustration of a triangular lattice, where each ball denotes a site of the lattice, a1 and a2 are
    the two primitive vectors. The length of each edge of the triangle is a. The electron can only hop between
    nearest neighbor sites with the amplitude t.

    3 Problem 3
    Continue to consider the triangular lattice in Fig. 1. Given that electrons are rather localized at each site
    of the lattice, of which the wavefunction is a Wannier function. These electrons can only hop between
    nearest neighbor sites with the amplitude t, while further hoppings are suppressed. Furthermore, these
    electrons are noninteracting.
    Calculate the energy dispersion relation (k).

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