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    Biological Function of Protein in Cell

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    M HAZIM IRFAN MD NOOR
    Proteins serve four main biological functions in cells: 1) Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions and carry out metabolic processes. Examples include digestive enzymes and PAH which converts phenylalanine to tyrosine. 2) Antibodies bind to pathogens to protect the body from foreign invaders like viruses and bacteria. 3) Transport proteins carry molecules like oxygen, carbon dioxide, ions, and nutrients across membranes. Examples are hemoglobin and the sodium-potassium pump. 4) Hormones regulate physiological processes between organs, coordinating growth and development via signals between cells. Insulin and thyroxine coordinate organ systems while growth hormone stimulates tissue growth.

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    Biological Function of Protein in Cell

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    M HAZIM IRFAN MD NOOR
    24 views4 pages
    Proteins serve four main biological functions in cells: 1) Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions and carry out metabolic processes. Examples include digestive enzymes and PAH which converts phenylalanine to tyrosine. 2) Antibodies bind to pathogens to protect the body from foreign invaders like viruses and bacteria. 3) Transport proteins carry molecules like oxygen, carbon dioxide, ions, and nutrients across membranes. Examples are hemoglobin and the sodium-potassium pump. 4) Hormones regulate physiological processes between organs, coordinating growth and development via signals between cells. Insulin and thyroxine coordinate organ systems while growth hormone stimulates tissue growth.

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    BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF PROTEIN IN CELL

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    Proteins serve four main biological functions in cells: 1) Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions and carry out metabolic processes. Examples include digestive enzymes and PAH which converts phenylalanine to tyrosine. 2) Antibodies bind to pathogens to protect the body from foreign invaders like viruses and bacteria. 3) Transport proteins carry molecules like oxygen, carbon dioxide, ions, and nutrients across membranes. Examples are hemoglobin and the sodium-potassium pump. 4) Hormones regulate physiological processes between organs, coordinating growth and development via signals between cells. Insulin and thyroxine coordinate organ systems while growth hormone stimulates tissue growth.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    24 views4 pages

    Biological Function of Protein in Cell

    Uploaded by

    M HAZIM IRFAN MD NOOR
    Proteins serve four main biological functions in cells: 1) Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions and carry out metabolic processes. Examples include digestive enzymes and PAH which converts phenylalanine to tyrosine. 2) Antibodies bind to pathogens to protect the body from foreign invaders like viruses and bacteria. 3) Transport proteins carry molecules like oxygen, carbon dioxide, ions, and nutrients across membranes. Examples are hemoglobin and the sodium-potassium pump. 4) Hormones regulate physiological processes between organs, coordinating growth and development via signals between cells. Insulin and thyroxine coordinate organ systems while growth hormone stimulates tissue growth.

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    BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF PROTEIN IN CELL

    1.

     Enzyme may help in breakdown, rearrangement, or synthesis reactions.


     all enzymes increase the rate of reaction and are organic catalysts.
     carry out almost all the thousands of chemical reactions that take place in cells.
     assist with the formation of new molecules by reading the genetic information stored in DNA.

    Example:
    Amylase, lipase, pepsin, trypsin: Help in digestion of food by catabolizing nutrients into monomeric
    units
    Amylase: hydrolyses its substrate amylose, a component of starch.

    PAH gene/phenylalanine hydroxylase:


    Phenylalanine hydroxylase is responsible for the conversion of phenylalanine to another amino acid,
    tyrosine
    2.

     Antibodies bind to specific foreign particles, such as viruses and bacteria, to help protect the
    body.

    Example:
    Immunoglobulins: Protect the body from foreign pathogens.

    3.

     Transport, these proteins bind and carry atoms and small molecules within cells and throughout
    the body.
     proteins that transport substances across biological membranes.
     Transport proteins are found within the membrane itself, where they form a channel, or a
    carrying mechanism, to allow their substrate to pass from one side to the other.
    Example:
    Hemoglobin, the sodium-potassium pump: Carry substances in the blood or lymph throughout the
    body.

    The Sodium-Potassium Pump:

     a primary active transport protein is the sodium-potassium pump. It is this pump that
    creates the ion gradient that allows neurons to fire.
     Begins with its sodium binding sites facing the inside of the cell. These sites attract sodium
    ions and hold onto them.

    Hemoglobin:
     Hemoglobin binds and transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues in the body. It also
    transports carbon dioxide from tissues back to the lungs.

    4.
     Hormones usually small proteins or steroids, secreted by endocrine cells that act to control
    or regulate specific physiological processes, including growth, development, metabolism,
    and reproduction.
     transmit signals to coordinate biological processes between different cells, tissues, and
    organs

    Example:
    Insulin, thyroxine: coordinate the activity of different body systems.
    Growth hormone/ somatotropin: It stimulates the growth of essentially all tissues of the body,
    including bone.
    References

     What are proteins and what do they do?: MedlinePlus genetics. (2021, March 26).
    MedlinePlus - Health Information from the National Library of
    Medicine. https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/howgeneswork/protein/
     Function of proteins | Biology for majors I. (n.d.). Lumen Learning – Simple Book
    Production. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology1/chapter/reading-function-of-
    proteins/
     Biologydictionary.net Editors. (2017, April 27). Transport Protein. Retrieved from
    https://biologydictionary.net/transport-protein/
     Lynne Eldridge, MD. (2021, December 29). Abnormal hemoglobin levels can cause certain
    health conditions. Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/importance-of-
    hemoglobin-2249107

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