Earth Science for STEM

Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Weathering
Name: Rayjan D. Formalejo Grade and Section: 11-Selga

What I Know
Read and analyze the following questions. Select the letter of the best answer. Write your
answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following best describes weathering?

a. The process by which rocks are exposed to severe weather
b. The process by which rocks are formed by heat and pressure
c. The mechanical or chemical process by which rocks are broken down
d. The process by which rocks are chemically strengthened due to exposure to heat and
pressure

2. How does gravity contribute to weathering?

a. by abrasion of the rocks c. by dissolving rocks’ particles
b. by expansion of rocks d. by creating holes in rocks

3. Which of the following is NOT an example of physical weathering?

a. Freeze- thaw
b. Wind blowing sand onto a rock
c. Plant that grows on the cracks of the rocks
d. Abrasion due to the movement of glaciers

4. What happens to pieces of rock as they are transported by a river?

a. they get smaller and rounder c. smaller and more jagged
b. much larger and rounder d. gets larger and more jagged

5. In hydration, water is an active agent of chemical weathering. What happens when water
loosely combines with the minerals of the rock?
a. cements them together
b. converts the mineral into another kind
c. transports the rock into a lower altitude
d. weakens the molecular binding of the minerals

6. What are the two things that affect the rate of weathering?
a. time and date c. rain and ice
b. type of rock and climate d. size of rock and time of the year

7. Which of the following best describes chemical weathering?

a. The process by which rocks are broken down by physical forces
b. The process by which rocks are broken down by chemical means
c. The process by which rocks are broken down by anthropogenic activities
d. all of the above
8. Weak organic acids are produced by the action of the growing roots of lichens. These acids react
with some minerals in rocks resulting in the decomposition of rocks. How will you classify this
process?
a. Physical weathering
b. Chemical weathering
c. Biological weathering through physical means
d. Biological weathering through chemical compounds

9. Which of the following conditions promotes slow chemical weathering?

a. fracturing c. high amount of rainfall
b. thick soil d. cold temperature

10. Which type of rocks tends to weather more rapidly through hydrolysis process?
a. Rocks that contain iron. c. Rocks that are impermeable.
b. Rocks that contain quartz. d. Rocks that contain feldspar.

11. Which is an example of oxidation?

a. Rust decomposes rocks completely with passage of time.
b. Some of the minerals get dissolved in water.
c. The joints enlarge in size and lime is removed in the solution.
d. Due to the absorption of water by rocks, its volume increases.

12. Which of these statements is NOT true about mechanical weathering?

a. breaks rock material into smaller pieces
b. changes the chemical composition of rocks
c. strong winds carrying sand blows on the rocks
d. beach rock gets hot in daytime and cools in the evening thus creating fracture on the rock

13. Which of the following activities has resulted in an increased rate of chemical weathering
through acidification?
I.The production of SO2 and NO in the atmosphere that combine with rain to form acids.
II.The release of too much carbon dioxide in the air that turn rain into weak acid.
III.The disintegration of rocks during construction and mining
IV.The growth of the plant roots on the rock crack.
a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 1 and 2 d. 2 and 3
b.
14. Which is NOT included in the group?
a. carbonation b. abrasion c. acidification d. hydration

15. In which of the following climates will chemical weathering be most rapid?
a. cold and dry c. hot and dry
b. cold and humid d. hot and humid

What’s In
Read the paragraph about rocks and how it disintegrates or dissolves, then answer the questions
below. Write your answer on your answer sheet
Guide Questions:

1. Are you familiar with these changes in rocks when in contact with the environment?
-Yes. Rainfall and temperature are one of the factors that affect the rate in which rocks
weather. High temperatures and greater rainfall increase the rate of chemical weathering. ...
Minerals in a rock buried in soil will therefore break down more rapidly than minerals in a
rock that is exposed to air.
 2. What particular place/s in your locality where such occurrence is observed?
- In Mount Isarog and in Caramoan Islands

What’s New
Activity: Rock Breaking Challenge
Perform the activity entitled “Rock Breaking Challenge”. Put your observations on your answer
sheet.

No. of Hits
Sample 1 2 3 4
No. of pieces No. of pieces No. of pieces No. of pieces
1 1 1 1 2
2 1 1 1 5
3 1 1 2 4

Guide Questions:
1. What happened to the rock after a series of hitting?
- After a series of hitting the rock split into many pieces

2. How will you describe the particles from the broken rocks?
- The particles from the broken rocks vary in sizes. In between the particles are
spaces that are filled with gas, air or liquid.

3. What can you infer in the process of breaking down rocks?

- Surface area, rock composition, and location are factors that influence the rate of breaking
down rocks. water, the faster the rock will break down

What’s More
A. Write C if the statement is correct and I if the statement is incorrect. Write your answers in a
separate sheet of paper

____C____ 1. Gravity is one of the agents of weathering.

____I___ 2. Exfoliation occurs when water continually seeps into cracks, freezes and expands
eventually breaking the rock apart.
____C____ 3. Carbonation occurs when carbon dioxide dissolved in water makes acid and reacts
with rocks.
____I____ 4. Burrowing animals cannot contribute on weathering of rocks.
____C____ 5. Hydrolysis takes place when acid rain reacts with rock-forming minerals such as
feldspar to produce clay and salts that are removed in solution.
____C____ 6. Animals produce acidic compounds that can cause rock disintegration.
____I____ 7. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide when mix with water produces basic substance
that can break down rocks’ components.
____C____ 8. Humans indirectly contribute on weathering.
____C____ 9. Water alters chemical components of rocks that cause weathering.
________ 10. Earthworms are physical weathering agent.

B. Group the following statements as to Physical, Chemical or Biological Weathering by writing

them down on the table provided below. Do this on your answer sheet.
Biological 1. Balete tree grows at the wall of the building.
Biological 2. Construction workers use power tools to break the rocks
Biological 3. Insects secrete acidic substance on rocks.
Physical 4. Glaciers carve its pathways.
Chemical 5. Rainwater combined with iron on rocks produces rusts
Chemical 6. Carbon dioxide mix with water produces carbonic acid that reacts with rocks.
Physical 7. Water freezes in a large crack of a rock.
Physical 8. Strong winds blow small particles of the rocks.
Chemical 9. Rocks form bubbles after the heavy pour of acid rain.
Physical 10. Rocks fall down from the mountain and break

Physical Weathering Chemical Weathering Biological Weathering

Glaciers carve its pathways Rainwater combined with iron Balete tree grows at the wall of
on rocks produces rusts the building.
Water freezes in a large crack Carbon dioxide mix with water Construction workers use
of a rock. produces carbonic acid that power tools to break the rocks
reacts with rocks.
Strong winds blow small Rocks form bubbles after the Insects secrete acidic
particles of the rocks heavy pour of acid rain substance on rocks.

Rocks fall down from the

mountain and break

What I Have Learned

In a separate sheet of paper, identify what type or agent of weathering is shown in the picture.
Support your answer.

1. Acidification 2. Carbonation 3. Sedimentation 4. Mass Wasting 5. Freeze thaw

What I Can Do
From the concepts you have learned in this module, create a simple 3-minute documentary video or
photographic documentation of weathering you will find in your locality/area.
In a separate sheet of paper, answer the following questions:

1. Cite what are the risk that you might encounter upon knowing those places are found
in your locality?
- Landslides, mud flow, earth flow and sheets wash and Acid rain caused by weathering
causes damage to buildings and properties especially when it comes in contact with the
limestone.

2 How can you prevent or what precautions will you do to be safe if danger occur?
- Such weathering can be reduced via the use of salt when it is cold outside. The salt prevents
the water from freezing. Alternatively, the cracks of the rock/asphalt/cement could be filled.
Wind barriers are also used to minimize weathering.

Assessment
Read and analyze the following questions. Select the letter of the best answers. Write your answers
in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of these statements are TRUE about mechanical weathering?
I. breaks rock material into smaller pieces
II. changes the chemical composition of rocks
III. moss growing on the wall fence creates crack on the walls
IV. beach rock gets hot in daytime and cools in the evening thus creating fracture on the rock
a. I and II b. I and III c. I and IV d. II and III
b.
2. Which of the following activities has resulted in an increased rate of chemical weathering through
acidification?
a. The growth of plant roots on the rock crack.
b. The disintegration of rocks during construction and mining
c. The release of too much carbon dioxide in the air that turn rain into weak acid
d. The production of SO2 and NO in the atmosphere that combine with rain to form acids

3. Which is NOT included in the group?

a. abrasion b. acidification c. carbonation d. hydration

4. In which of the following climates will chemical weathering be most rapid?

a. hot and dry b. cold and dry c. hot and humid d. cold and humid

5. Which of the following DO NOT describe weathering?

I. The process by which rocks are broken during severe weather
II. The process by which rocks are formed by heat and pressure
III. The mechanical or chemical process by which rocks are broken down
IV. The process by which rocks are chemically strengthened due to exposure to heat and pressure
a. I, II and III b. I, II and IV c. I, III and IV d. II, III and IV
b.
6. How does gravity contribute to weathering?
a. by expansion of rocks c. by creating holes in rocks
b. by abrasion of the rocks d. by splitting rocks particles

7. Which of the following is an example of biological weathering?

a. Freeze- thaw
b. Wind blowing sand onto a rock
c. Abrasion due to the movement of glaciers
d. Plant that grows on the cracks of the rocks

8. What happens to pieces of rock as they are transported by a river?

a. smaller and more jagged c. much larger and rounder
b. gets larger and more jagged d. they get smaller and rounder

9. In hydration, water is an active agent of chemical weathering. What happens when water loosely
combines with the minerals of the rock?
a. cements minerals of the rock together
b. converts the mineral into another kind
c. transports the rock into a lower altitude
d. breaks down the molecular binding of the minerals

10. Which type of rocks tends to weather more rapidly through the hydrolysis process?
a. Rocks that contain iron. c. Rocks that contain feldspar.
b. Rocks that contain quartz. d. Rocks that are impermeable.
11. Which is an example of oxidation?
a. Some of the minerals get dissolved in water.
b. Rust decomposes rocks completely with passage of time.
c. The joints enlarge in size and lime is removed in the solution.
d. Due to the absorption of water by rocks, its volume increases.

12. What are the two things that affect the rate of weathering?
a. rain and ice c. type of rock and climate
b. time and date d. size of rock and time of the year

13. Which of the following best describes chemical weathering?

a. The process by which rocks are broken down by physical forces
b. The process by which rocks are broken down by chemical means
c. The process by which rocks are broken down by anthropogenic activities
d. all of these

14. Weak organic acids are produced by the action of the growing root of lichens. These acids react
with some minerals in rocks resulting in the decomposition of rocks. How will you classify this
process?
a. Physical weathering
b. Chemical weathering
c. Biological weathering through physical means
d. Biological weathering through chemical compounds

15. Which of the following conditions promotes slow chemical weathering?

a. fracturing c. high rainfall
b. thick soil d. cold temperatures

Additional Activities
Create a photo gallery of places showing the examples of weathering in your locality. Upload this on
social media and put a #weathering # the type of weathering. Tag it with your teachers and
classmates