Fluid Dynamics
Fluid Dynamics
Fluid Dynamics
4.(a)Fluid dynamics:
In the above integral formulation of this equation, the term on the left is
the net change of momentum within the volume. The first term on the
right is the net rate at which momentum is convected into the volume.
The second term on the right is the force due to pressure on the
volume's surfaces. The first two terms on the right are negated since
momentum entering the system is accounted as positive, and the
normal is opposite the direction of the velocity and pressure forces.
The third term on the right is the net acceleration of the mass within the
volume due to any body forces (here represented by fbody). Surface
forces, such as viscous forces, are represented by , the net force due
to shear forces acting on the volume surface. The momentum balance
can also be written for a moving control volume.
Three conservation laws are used to solve fluid dynamics problems, and
may be written in integral or differential form. The conservation laws
may be applied to a region of the flow called a control volume. A control
volume is a discrete volume in space through which fluid is assumed to
flow. The integral formulations of the conservation laws are used to
describe the change of mass, momentum, or energy within the control
volume. Differential formulations of the conservation laws apply Stokes'
theorem to yield an expression which may be interpreted as the integral
form of the law applied to an infinitesimally small volume (at a point)
within the flow.
Mass continuity (conservation of mass): The rate of change of fluid
mass inside a control volume must be equal to the net rate of fluid flow
into the volume. Physically, this statement requires that mass is neither
created nor destroyed in the control volume,and can be translated into
the integral form of the continuity equation:
In the above integral formulation of this equation, the term on the left is
the net change of momentum within the volume. The first term on the
right is the net rate at which momentum is convected into the volume.
The second term on the right is the force due to pressure on the
volume's surfaces. The first two terms on the right are negated since
momentum entering the system is accounted as positive, and the
normal is opposite the direction of the velocity and pressure forces.
The third term on the right is the net acceleration of the mass within the
volume due to any body forces (here represented by fbody). Surface
forces, such as viscous forces, are represented by , the net force due
to shear forces acting on the volume surface. The momentum balance
can also be written for a moving control volume.