Things that are IMPORTANT to do

with have to have to buy, have to drive

Modal and related verbs
must wear, must see
with must - obligation (must, have to, should)
- permission (can, allowed to)
Phrasal verbs - separable or inseparable?
Things that are IMPORTANT NOT to do

with mustn’t Must not say, must not

address Getting it right

Things that are NOT NECESSARY to do

Modal and
with don’t related
Do not verbs
have to leave
have to Don’t have to pay
1 Recognizing verb forms
Read the text. Use the verb forms in
Things that aretoAcomplete
italics GOOD IDEA to do
the chart.
or A GOOD IDEA NOT TO DO

with should Should bring, should

leave, should be, should
buy, shouldn’t drive
with shouldn’t

Things that you are ABLE or

PERMITTED to do

with can Can tip, allowed to

smoke
The weather British weather is notoriously changeable. You should bring
some warm clothes and some waterproof clothes whatever the season.

Things that are FORBIDDEN to do Food and drink In a pub or bar you have to buy your drink from
the bar, then carry your drink to a table. You are only served at a table
Can’t smok,
with can’t in a cafe or restaurant.
Are not Ti pping is a problem. You don't have to leave a tip in a restaurant,
with not but if the meal and the service have been good, you should leave about
allowed to Allowed to smoke 10%. Similarly you can tip a taxi driver if you want.
In a restaurant, you mustn’t say ‘Give me the menu!’ or ‘I want a drin k!’
Tourism In London, you should buy very rude.
This is considered anYou should Oyster card.
be polite and say With the
‘Could I have this
you can travel on the Underground, the buses, and some railways.men u, please.’ We tend to say ‘Please’ and ‘Thank you’ a lot.
You don’t have to pay to visit most museums and art galleries.
Entrance is usually free. People You mustn’t address people as ‘Mr’ or ‘Mrs’. We usually
You must see the London Eye, St Paul’s Cathedral, and Borough saymarket.
- ‘Good morning’, not ‘Good morning, Mr’.
They’re too good to miss.
Transport Obviously, you have to drive on the left, and the law
General You can get cash from ATM machines, which are everywhere.
says you must wear a seat belt in the back seat as well as the front.
You aren’t allowed to smoke in any public buildings. You can’t smoke in
You shouldn’t drive if you’ve been drinking alcohol.
pubs, bars, or restaurants.
___________ J

Unit 4 • Getting it right 25

1 ( b ) I don’t have to get up early tomorrow...
2 (d ) My grandmother had to go to work ...
3 ( e ) We’re having to economize...
4 (a ) You’ll have to study hard...
5 Obligation
( f ) You didn’t have to buy me a present,...
6 ( c ) I Will I have to take the exam again...
Q.2 have to/dorithave to Q. 4 Forms of have to
Look at the photos. Match the sentences with the people. Match a line in A with a line in B.
`

a , if you want to be a doctor,

1. I have to wear smart clothes. ( b ) b. because it’s the weekend,
2. I always have to be home before 11.00 p.m. ( a ) c. if I don’t pass?
d. when she was just 12.
3. My dad usually has to work in the evenings. ( a )
e. because we’re saving up for a holiday
4. I don’t have to get up at 6.30 a.m. anymore. ( c ) f. but it was very kind of you
5. My husband has to take our children to school
every morning. ( b )
6. My wife has to go to the hospital every week. ( c ) Q. 5 must and have
7. I have to get good marks in my exams. ( a ) to
There is a difference between must and have to.
8. My little sister doesn’t have to help with the
Must expresses the authority of the speaker.
Housework . ( b ) Have to refers to the authority of another person,
9. I often have to travel abroad. ( b ) or to obligation generally.
If you are not sure which one to use to express
obligation, use have to.
Q.3 Questions with have to
Write the questions for these answers. Match the pairs of sentences with their meaning.
1. Why does she have to wear smart clothes? 1 I must have a drink of water.
Because she has to meet P lot of important people. I have to drink lots of water.
2. Why does he have to be home before 11.00 a,m.? a The doctor told me to.
-
Because his parents say that he has to. b I’m really thirsty.

3. Why does he have to work in the evenings? I must do my homework tonight. ( c )

I have to do my homework tonight. ( d )
Because he’s a teacher and he has to prepare lessons.
4. Why does not he get up at 6.30 a.m.? c I’m telling myself it’s important.
d That’s why I can’t come out with you tonight.
Because he’s retired.
5. Why does she have to go to the hospital? We must go to Paris some time. ( f )
Because she broke her arm and she has to have We have to go to Paris next week, ( e )
physiotherapy. e Another boring business trip! Yawn!
6. Why dose he have to get good marks in f It would be so romantic!
his exams? I must water the plants today. ( g )
Because he wants to go to Oxford University. I have to water the plants today. ( h )
7. Why does she not have to help with the housework? - I haven’t done them for ages
Because her mother says that she is still too young. They need lots and lots of water.
8. Why does she have to travel abroad? We must have lunch soon. ( i )
Because she works for an international company. We have to have lunch with our boss. ( j )
i What about next Wednesday?
j We’d better look smart!

26 Unit 4 • Getting it right

Q.6 Talking about obligation
Complete the sentences with must, have to, or had to.

■»[

a You must be home by 11.00.’ a ‘You have to stay in bed for a few days.’
b ‘Bye! Dad said I had to be home by 11.00.’ b ‘The doctor told me I had to stay in bed for a few days.’

a I must wash my hair tonight, a 1 must go to the doctor’s.’

b ‘I have to wash all these dishes.’ b ‘Sorry, I must go to the doctor’s at 3 p.m.’

Q.7 mustn t / don't ha ve to / didn't ha ve to

Choose the correct verb form.
1 We have a lot to do tomorrow. You mustn't/ don't have to have a late night.
You mustn t / don't have to tell Mary what I told you. It’s a secret.
The museum is free. You mustn't/ don't have to pay to get in.
In the Victorian times children mustn't/didn't have to attend school up to the age of 16.
Most children left when they were 12.
Terry’s a millionaire. He mustn't / doesn’t have to go to work.
When I was a child I didn’t have to / don't have to do my washing. My mother did it for me.
We mustn't/ don't have to rush. We’ve got plenty of time.
You mustn't / don't have to play with knives. They’re dangerous.
This is my favourite pen. You can borrow it, but you mustn't / don't have to lose it.

10 A Shall I come with you?

B You can if you want, but you mustn't / don’t have to.

Unit 4 • Getting it right 27

Permission and ability
Q.10 can and be allowed to
Who says these sentences? Where? ‘You can take your seat-belt off now. You still aren’t
allowed to smoke, use personal computers or mobile
1 ‘You can’t park here. I’ll have to give
phones.’
parking ticket.’
Air hostess in plane.
A traffic warden in the street.
‘We’re allowed to make one phone call a week, and we can
1. I m sorry, sir, but you can’t get on the plane go to the library, but we spend most of our time in our cells’
without a passport.’ A prisoner
An airport officer
7. You can take photographs, but you can’t use flash
2.You aren’t allowed to look at your notes during photography or touch any of the exhibits.’
the exam.’
A person at musium
An examinar
8. You aren’t allowed to jump into the pool, but you can use
3.Shh! You can’t talk in here. People are studying.’ the diving board at the deep end.’
Librarian a life guard

Obligation and permission

Q.11 The pain and pleasure of being a teenager
Complete the interview with Alice and Barney with
the correct form of can, be allowed to, or have to.

Interviewer What are some of the good things about being a

teenager and not an adult?
Alice Well, we (1) do not have to earn a living for a start.
Barney We (2) can go out with our friends, go
shopping, go to the cinema.
I So what you’re saying is, what’s good is that you have no
responsibilities?
Yeah, we're pretty free. We (3) can do what we like,
most of the time.
But money’s a problem. What’s good is that you (4) do not have to
pay bills, but it also means we can’t buy what we want.
Yes, we never have enough money.
What do you think it’s like being an adult?
But the very worst thing about being a teenager is that we have
Well, adults have to worry about bills so they (5) have to
to go to school.
earn a living. They don't have as much free time as we do. They’re
Is that so bad?
always busy. They (6) cant do what they want, when
Yes! The rules are so stupid! We have to wear a horrid uniform,
they want.
that’s bad enough - and we (9) are not allowed towearjeans. We
Who do you feel more sorry for, your mum or your dad?
have to wear smart trousers or a skirt.
My mum. She looks after us kids, take us to school and swimming
What’s so bad? 1 (10)had to wear a stupid cap when I
and dance, and she goes to work. And she
was at school!
(7) has to cook, clean, and run the house.
And you (11) have to do so much coursework.
I feel more sorry for my dad. He (8) has to travel a lot,
And you can’t skip class and (12) you are not allowed to use your
so we go weeks without seeing him, and that’s really tough on
mobile phone!

T4.1 Listen and check. Unit 4 • Getting it right 29

 Phrasal verbsQ.12 Listening
Separable or inseparable?
Q.13 A radio phone-in
1 Put the noun in brackets in two places in these sentences. 1. Listen to a radio phone-in about ‘rules that were
made to be broken. There are three topics discussed:
1 Could you turn / off (the light)?
Could you turn the light off? Could YOU turn off the light:
a Table manners b School uniforms c Driving rules
2. Look at the litter on the street! I’ve got to pick / up
(those empty bottles)! Which topics do you think these lines from the
I have got to pic those empty bottles up phone-in refer to? Put a, b, or c.
I have got to pic up those empty bottles. 1. (a) You shouldn’t put your elbows on the table.
3. I saw some lovely clothes today. I tried/on (a coat) but 2. (b) you have to have some way of expressing
I didn’t buy it.
your individuality.
i tried a coat on but i did not but it.
3. (c) They’re saying you shouldn’t smoke at the
I tried on a coat but I did not buy it.
wheel, aren’t they?
4. (b) I Why does everyone have to dress exactly the
4. Please don’t throw/away (those newspapers). I haven’t
same?
read them yet.
Please do not throw those papers away, I have not read them yet 5. (c) Apparently you shouldn’t read map or talk to
Please don’t throw away those news papers passenger.
6. (a) you’ve got to eat up everything on your plate.
5. I’ll sort/out (this problem). Don’t you worry about it.
I shall sort this problem out Listen and check.
T 4.2
I shall sort out this problem.

1. Tony thinks you can eat more quickly / easily with

Rewrite the sentences in the exercise above with the noun
your elbows on the table.
as a pronoun.
2. He says we teach children to eat too quickly/ too
1 Could you turn it off? much.
I ve got to pick them up. 3. Sarah wants to wear special / normal clothes for
school.
4. She thinks she should be allowed to wear a
Put the nouns in brackets in just one place in these sentences. different colour/ style of skirt.
5. Andy explains that it’s only using a mobile
1 I’m looking for (Peter - him).
phone/smoking at the wheel that’s actually illegal.
I m looking for Peter. I’m looking for him. 6. He thinks that changing CDs while you’re driving
is less/ more dangerous than talking to someone.
2. When you get to Reception, ask for (Mr Smith - me).
When you get to reception, ask for Mr smith Complete these lines from the phone-in with the
When you get to reception, ask for me.
correct form of the phrasal verb from the box.

3. I’m looking forward to (the party - it).

I am looking forward to the party. put up with come up to cutoff get through pickup
I am looking forward to it.
1 And it’s just coming up to ten minutes to nine.’
4. You go out tonight. I’ll look after (the children - them).
I shall look after the children. ‘I think people just pic up these rules from
I shall look after them. their parents.’

‘Can you hear me? Oh, I’m sorry, it looks like

5. like my husband’s family. I get on well with (my
Sarah’s been cut off .’
mother-in-law - her).
I get on well with my mother on law. ‘I think she’s going to have put up with that
I get on well with her. school uniform anyway.’
‘... do try ringing again if you don’t get through
the first time.’

T4.2 Listen again and check.

30 Unit 4 • Getting it right

Vocabulary crossword 1
Use the clues to complete the crossword. All these words and expressions have appeared in Units 1-4.

ACROSS

c 4.Juliet was very upset when she heard Romeos family name
o
o (5)
-
u
The
<£ number of people who
6.is someone living in a country
doesn is the
t eat meat. (10) (10)
10 Most of the world's comes from Saudi Arabia. (3)
Her health has picked up since she moved to a country with
a sunny (7)
When something is , its very, very old. (7)
The-------for Bonifaces apartment is £30 a month. (4)
Someone who is no longer married is (8)
In Britain you don’t have to military service. (2)

2 The Gregory family live in a house (big). (5)

0 A is someone who looks after people in a hospital.’ (5)
2 What’s the telephone for New York?’
1 ‘It’s 212.’ (4)

25 is another word for ‘frightening’. (5)

27 The Gregory children learned to appreciate small (6)
28 The Qu family motto is ‘save money, live simply, care your
friends’. (3)
29 The Gregory children have bedrooms, full of expensive things. (4)
32 Lars is here a business trip. (2)
33 A is a very bad or frightening dream. (9)
34 You have to wear a seat when you’re driving. (4)
35 A country whose Head of State is a king or queen, like the UK or Spain
is a (8)

DOWN

1 Someone or something from a different country is (7) 18 Charles and Camilla are both about hunting (have strong
2 English people usually call an ‘apartment’ a (4) feelings about.) (10)
3 The-----of Romeo and Juliet has a very sad ending. (5) 22 If you act very strangely, and differently from other people, they think
4 Romeo went to the Capulet’s party (without an invitation). (9) you are (9)
5 ‘I reckon he’s married.’ ‘I think too.’ (I agree). (2) 23 That’s the Manager, and that’s her Assistant, answering her
7 If something is against the law, it is (7) calls. (8)
9 Mmm! Are these potatoes fried, or in the oven? (7) 26 As a man, van Gogh worked in London and Paris. (5)
11 How long does take you to get to school? (2) 30 We’re just having dinner. Have you yet? (5)
12 Someone who can speak two languages is (9) 31 The people in a close- family have strong relationships with
15 A HR manager has to new staff. (7) each other. (4)
17 I----------out of petrol on the way home! I had to walk the garage. (3)

Vocabulary crossword 1 31