Acoustical Causes in Architecture
Acoustical Causes in Architecture
Acoustical Causes in Architecture
ARCHITECTURE “
Sound insulation and sound isolation are the terms used in acoustical context.
The two processes reflection and absorption are mutually exclusive and they
both fall in the realm of room acoustics .
The third process transmission falls under the broad heading of sound
isolation. The issue is not how much sound is reflected or absorbed but how
much of it is allowed to pass through the materials of which the walls, floor
and ceiling are made .
In this concept, reverberant sound level in the source room is compared with
the resultant reverberant sound level in the receiving room.
The sound level difference due to principal barrier alone and not to any
peripheral factors is known as transmission loss.
NR = TL – 10log S + 10log A2
NR – Noise Reduction
TL – Transmission Loss
S – Surface area of the barrier
A2 – Amount of acoustical absorption in the receiving room
Conclusion from the figure
Curve a depicts lead sheet
Curve b depicts concrete block
Curve c depicts gypsum board on studs
Continuous floors & roof decks, that like curtain walls, conduct sound
laterally from one room to another.
These spring hangers are normally used in critical areas where noise
and vibration need to be controlled.
“Sound Absorption Coefficients
for some common materials
and Reverberation time“
The sound absorption coefficient indicates how much of the sound is
absorbed in the actual material. The absorption coefficient can be expressed
as:
α = Ia / Ii (1)
where
Ia = sound intensity absorbed (W/m2)
Ii = incident sound intensity (W/m2)
The mean absorption coefficient for the room can be expressed as:
am = A / S (3)
where
am = mean absorption coefficient
A = the absorption of the room (m2 Sabine)
S = total surface in the room (m2)
Sound Absorption Coefficient
Sabin (unit)
One square foot of 100% absorbing material has a value of one Sabin. One
square metre of 100% absorbing material has a value of one metric sabin.
A=S1α1+S2α2+...+Snαn=ΣSiαi
where
A = the absorption of the room (m2 metric sabin)
Sn = area of the actual surface (m2)
αn = absorption coefficient of the actual surface
Sabins are used in calculating the reverberation time
Room noise reduction
Reverberation time
Reverberation time is defined as the length of time required for sound to
decay 60 decibels from its initial level.
6. T= 0.05 V/a.
s at 500 Hz
Find the reverberation time at 500 Hz in this space with no occupants and no
absorbing treatment.
S = 2 X 60 X 15 = 1800 ft²
S α a (sabins)
Ceiling 2100 x 0.04 = 84
Walls 2850 X 0.3 = 855
Floor 2100 X 0.10 = 210
Total a = 1149 sabins
5. Compute the reverberation time T.
T= 0.05 V/a.
s at 500 Hz
T = 0.05 x 31500
1149
1.37 s at 500 Hz.
1.37 s
ASSIGNMENT QUESTION