ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

DELTA STATE POLYTECHNIC, OZORO

ELECTRICAL GRAPHICS
(EEC 111)

MANUAL & WORKBOOK

NAME:
DEPT:
MAT NO:

NATIONAL DIPLOMA (NDI)

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 PREFACE

The manual has been prepared to cover the requirement of the National Board
of Technical Education (NBTE) for National Diploma programme in Electrical
Graphics. Students generally have difficulties in the study of electrical
engineering courses due to lack of sufficient laboratory work which should
normally be carried out side by side with the theories. As a result students
memorize the theory and imagine the laboratory practical or some times
alternative to practical are done.
The presentation of the laboratory experiment is in such a manner as would help
the students to have sufficient understanding of the background principles
involved as well as knowledge of the necessary practical applications. Hence
every practical work is accompanied by a theoretical aspect and a quiz.
It is therefore hoped that the content of this laboratory manual will provide
suitable and adequate experimental course work to students studying Electrical
and Electronic Engineering Technology

Akamune Benjamin O.
Head of Department

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

Preface.....................................................................................................2

Table of Content.......................................................................................3

Practical Exercise1...................................................................................4

Practical Exercise2...................................................................................9

Practical Exercise3.................................................................................15

Practical Exercise4.................................................................................17

Practical Exercise5.................................................................................18

Practical Exercise6.................................................................................19

Practical Exercise7.................................................................................20

Practical Exercise8.................................................................................21

Practical Exercise9.................................................................................22

Practical Exercise10...............................................................................23

Practical Exercise11...............................................................................24

Practical Exercise12...............................................................................25

Practical Exercise13...............................................................................26

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 PRACTICAL EXERCISE 1

INDENTIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC SYMBOLS

In Electrical/Electronic Engineering Schematic circuit diagrams,

component are represented by symbols. The followings are some of the
basic names and symbols as stated in the British standard regulatory
board.

1.2. Basic Electronic Symbols

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ASSIGNMENT 1Write the name of the symbols in the box below:

1.3. WIRING SYMBOLS

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 Distribution board Change over switch Ammeter

Voltmeter Single fluorescence lamp Double fluorescence lamp

Main switch or gear switch Ceiling fan outlet Socket outlet

Fan regulator outlet Cooker control unit Bell

Bell push outlet Immersion heater Ceiling outlet for filament

lamp

Wall outlet f or filament Street light One-way-one pole switch

lamp

Two-way switch 1-way, 2-pole switch 2-way, 2-pole switch

2-way, 3-pole switch Terminal joint box (stop end) Through joint box

Tangent angle box (elbow Intersection box (4-way box) Tee box
box)

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1.4 ELECTRICAL MACHINES SYMBOLS

ASSIGNMENT 2:

Draw the symbols of the following names:

1. Potentiometer
2. 2 - way switch
3. Single phase motor
4. Three phase generator
5. Transformer
6. AC motor
7. DC motor
8. AC generator

Note: Your drawings should be done in the blank space below and at
the back of this page.

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ASSIGNMENT 3:

Redraw and name the symbols below:

Note: Your drawings should be done in the blank space below and at
the back of this page.

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 PRACTICAL EXERCISE2

2.1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:Drafters are responsible for preparing

drawings that are easy to read. The drawing should completely describe
the engineer’s design requirements. Drawing will allow the reader only
one interpretation. The Engineer’s sketches and layouts are called detail
drawing and the drafter’s drawing is called the technical drawing.

2.2 RULES FOR DRAWING SCHEMATICS

1. Normal signal flow should be from left to right and top to bottom
2. Lines should be spaced a minimum of 5mm apart
3. Lettering should be 4mm high
4. Lines between components should track the shortest path
5. Connecting lines should have a minimum of crossovers and
joggles
6. Long parallel lines should be arranged in groups
7. Power sources should go up and ground lines down
8. All lines should run horizontally or vertically and connect in 90 o
corners
9. The symbols may be drawn to any size or default size (drawing by
computer) but on the diagram similar symbols are drawn of the
same size.
10. Almost all symbols may be rotated or mirror-reversed without
alteration of the meaning.
11. Individual similar components in a circuit should be arranged either
vertically or horizontally

2.3 CONNECTIONS AND CROSSOVERS:

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Two systems are approved for showing connections (junctions) or
crossovers. One is the dot system, as shown in a, b and c of fig 2.1. The
other is the no-dot system shown in d and e of fig 2.1. The no-dot
system has some weaknesses in terms of clarity.

Fig 2.1 (a) Tee joint, (b) joining at right angle, (c) 4 way tie point (d,e)
crossing without connection.

2.4 PLANNING A SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

The first step in planning a schematic circuit diagram is to make a rough
sketch (by free hand) of the circuit components and then include the
connecting conductors.

EXAMPLE:
Redraw the single amplifier circuit in fig 2.2 below applying the basic
rules and planning of schematics

Fig 2.2

PROCEDURES:
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1. Draw the horizontal and vertical outline of the supply (+V I) lines
2. Draw the transistor basic line in the mid distance between the
supply horizontal lines as shown in fig 2.3

Fig 2.3

3. Determine the positions of the resistors by drawing two horizontal

lines above and below the transistor base line as shown in fig 2.4a.

Fig 2.4a

4. Draw the resistor as shown in fig 2.4b.

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 Fig 2.4b
5. Draw the capacitors, input and output terminals as shown in fig 2.5

Fig 2.5
6. Draw the component dots and ground. Write the components
designation or any other information such as the value (if any) and
components code as shown in fig 2.6

Fig 2.6

7. Finalised the drawing by balancing distances and entering of

components for a good presentation.
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ASSIGNMENT:
Practice the previous example as shown below applying the basic rules
and planning of schematic diagram, following the procedures given
below. Use a pencil and drawing instruments.

PROCEDURES:
1. Draw the horizontal and vertical outline of the supply (+V I) lines
2. Draw the transistor basic line in the mid distance between the
supply horizontal lines in the space below.

3. Determine the positions of the resistors by drawing two horizontal

lines above and below the transistor base line in the space below.

4. Draw the resistor in the space below.

5. Draw the capacitors, input and output terminals in the space below
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6. Draw the component dots and ground. Write the components
designation or any other information such as the value (if any) and
components code in the space below

7. Finalised the drawing by balancing distances and entering of

components for a good presentation.

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 3

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3.1 DRAWING PACKAGES
Electrical graphical drawings are made easy with the use of computer
drawing packages like visio 2003 basics. It covers other visio elements,
such as stencils, templates, wizards, and toolbars.

3.2. STARTING VISIO TECHNICAL

PROCEDURES:
1. Choose start, programs and visio 2003 as shown in the figure
below or double click visio 2003 icon on the desk top.

2. Select the category of drawing you want to create (electrical

engineering).

3. Double click on any template on the drawing page and all of the
stencils associated with that solution are displayed as shown
below:

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4. Click file and use the page set up dialog box to set up what you
want using print setup lab, page size tab, page properties tab, size,
position window, formatting toolbar, standard tool bar etc.
5. The easiest way to create a drawing is to drag shapes from a
stencil library onto the drawing page. When you drop a shape onto
the drawing page, visio snaps the shape to the nearest grid line so
you can position it precisely in your drawing.

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 4

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Redraw the figure shown below using visio program. Apply the
necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

Note:
(1) Blocks should be of equal dimensions and labels at the center
(2) Auxiliary block at your own discretion
(3) Gum your drawn computer print out sheet at the back of this page.

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 5

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Redraw the figure below using visio program. Apply the necessary
adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

Note:
(1) Write all text and component designation
(2) Draw IC’s manually
(3) Gum your drawn computer print out diagram at the back of this
page

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 6

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Redraw the figure below suing visio program. Apply the necessary
adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

Note:
(1) Write all input and output text
(2) Logic gate symbol can be found from stencil library via analog and
digital
(3) Gum your drawn computer print out at the back of this page.

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 7

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7.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Block diagrams are used to represent the different stages of an
electronic circuit. They determine the flow of the electrical signal
from the input stage to the output stage.

7.2 RULES FOR DRAWING BLOCK DIAGRAMS:

(1) The stages are drawn in a square or rectangular shape according
to the need.
(2) The link between different stages is to be a single line, but for a
single stage, it is possible to have more than one input, and even
more than one output.
(3) The arrows are used to indicate the direction of the signal path,
and are to be put at the end of the connection line as shown
below.

4. Signal flow is from left to right, and it can also be read in the same
way from left to right
5. The information which is important to designate the stages must
be put inside the block.
6. The block diagram illustrate the function of different stages of the
circuit in arranging its operation, but it does not illustrate all
relations linked to special elements, and the connection lines to the
circuit.

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 8

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Redraw the figure below using VISIO program. Applying the necessary
adjustment for balancing and good presentation

Note:
(1) Blocks should be on equal dimensions and labels at the center
(2) Auxiliary block at your own discretion.
(3) Gum your drawn computer print out diagram at the back of this
page.

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 9

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Draw the block diagram of the figure below:
Fill in the correct label for each block (labels are written below).

Note:
Draw at the back of this page using the longer length of the page.

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 10

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Draw the block diagram of the figure below. Fill in the correct label for
each block (labels are written below).

Note:
Draw at the back of this page using the longer length of the page.

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 11

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8.1 BUILDING WIRING LAYOUT DIAGRAM:
Redraw the figure shown below using auto-cad or any other applicable
drawing software.

Note:
(1) Blocks should be of equal dimensions and labels at the center
(2) Auxiliary block at your own discretion
(3) Gum your drawn computer print out sheet at the back of this page.

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 12

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Interpret the electrical installations drawings and the building plan layout
of the figure shown below:

Note:
All the electrical accessories symbols, building part (doors, window etc)
symbols should be clearly drawn and named.

All answers should be done at the back of this page.

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 13

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Interpret the electronic circuit diagram shown below.

Note: All elements, casing, conductors symbols should be drawn and

named.

NOTE:All work should be done at the blank space below and at the back
of this page.

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